Imithetho chromatics umbala. Umbala wheel

Iimfihlelo umbala sele kudala etyiwa ngabantu. Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo ukuba intsingiselo yokomfuziselo. Umbala waba sisiseko ezifunyaniswe zizazinzulu ezininzi. Yena azachaphazela kuphela physics okanye chemistry, kodwa waba kubalulekile bulumko nobugcisa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ulwazi umbala siya ngokubanzi. Saqala ukuvela inzululwazi abathe balufunda olu meko.

imiqondo

Into yokuqala ekufuneka kukhankanywe - iziseko umbala yezenzululwazi. Yeyona inzululwazi umbala, equlethe ulwazi systematized ezisuka kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo: physics, amalungu kwengqondo. Le mimandla ukufunda lo mkhuba imibala ngokuhlanganisa iziphumo kunye data kwi bulumko, ubuhle, imbali, uncwadi. Izazinzulu ziye kudala ziyaphandwa into yenkcubeko umbala.

Kodwa imibala angaphezu olunzulu Ukufunda theory umbala kunye nesicelo yayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu.

imbali yentsusa

Akumangalisi ukuba ezi inzululwazi babe ngabantu elide ziinkathazo. Kakade ke, ngoko kwakusekho amagama afana "chromatics" kunye "umbala". Noko ke, umbala kakubi kubaluleke kakhulu inkcubeko kunye nophuhliso izizwe.

Imbali njani ngqondweni ichibi elikhulu ulwazi ngayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba izazinzulu bagqiba ukwabelana lonke eli xesha ngokwezigaba ezibini: zethuba elifikelela ku ngenkulungwane ye-17 yaye ngexesha ngenkulungwane ye-17 ukuya namhlanje.

abe

Ezisukela uhambo ngokusebenzisa imbali umbala, kufuneka uye emva eMpuma yamandulo. Ngelo xesha kwakukho 5 imibala ezisisiseko. Zazifuzisela iincam kumacala omane kunye kumbindi womhlaba. China ivelele eqaqambileyo, zendalo kunye emibalabala. Kamva, bonke itshintshiwe, kunye nenkcubeko yalo lizwe kwaye uqale ukubukela ezinombala umzobo achromatic.

Ngakumbi phambili kule nkalo baba India neYiputa. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zaye waphawula: izithathu, leyo eziqulathwe engundoqo ngexesha umbala (obomvu, omnyama nomhlophe); kunye vedichnaya, ngokusekelwe kwi Vedas. Le nkqubo lokugqibela nzulu-bulumko, ngoko ihlangabezana ebomvu, ebonisa ngasempumalanga imitha yelanga, abamhlophe - South rays, abamnyama - West rays, abamnyama kakhulu - kwaye reyi engabonakaliyo North - Centre.

E-Indiya, i kubaluleke kakhulu linikwe ukuyila amabhotwe. Ukuhamba ehlabathini lonke, yaye ngoku kunokubonwa ukuba kusoloko kusetyenziswa omhlophe, obomvu, kunye negolide. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oko waqalisa ukongeza ufakelele qanda, bhlowu.

Religion in umbala

Western eYurophu ngamaXesha Aphakathi wajonga iziseko inzululwazi umbala kunqulo. Ngelo xesha siye saqala ukubonakala ezinye ziya engazange ngaphambili kuthathwe for the main. White wafika bebonakalisa uKristu, Thixo, iingelosi, omnyama - engcwabeni kunye Umchasi. Yellow kuthetha ukukhanyiselwa kunye namanyathelo koMoya oyiNgcwele, kwaye red - igazi likaKristu, umlilo kunye nelanga. Blue sesona esibhakabhakeni kunye nabemi kaThixo, yaye eziluhlaza - ukutya, izityalo nelizwe indlela kaKristu.

Ngeli xesha kuMbindi Mpuma kunye coloristic kwenzeka into efanayo. Apha impembelelo Islam lifumana. Ngokusisiseko, ixabiso uhlala imibala efanayo. Kuphela eluhlaza abe eziphambili kungumqondiso uMyezo we-Eden.

angakwazi

Chromatics umbala kwakhona siguqulwe. Phambi sesibini isigaba kufika Renaissance. Ngeli xesha, uLeonardo da Vinci ibhengeza Iwawo umbala. It iqulathe lunee 6 amhlophe namnyama, obomvu, kunye noblowu, mthubi noluhlaza. Ngenxa yoko, isayensi ngokuthe isondela ingqiqo mihla umbala.

ukuphumelela Newton

kwinkulungwane ye-17 - sisiqalo kwisigaba elitsha yokuhlela. Newton isebenzisa uluhlu umbala omhlophe, nto leyo ebonisa zonke imibala chromatic. Ngesayensi, kukho umbono eyahlukileyo kakhulu kulo mbandela. Kukho isoloko ebomvu, apho idityaniswe orange, ulapha, yaye eziluhlaza nemsi, kodwa abafunyanwa benemisonto emsi nemfusa kunye nabo.

theory entsha

Ngenkulungwane ye-19 eYurophu kusikhokhelela naturalism kunye impressionism. I Style lokuqala yazisa umgca ngokupheleleyo imibala, abangasekhoyo, kusini na neethowuni, ngoxa owesibini isekelwe kuphela kwi ekudluliseni imifanekiso. Ngeli xesha ukupeyinta apho iziseko umbala yezenzululwazi.

Xa kukho ithiyori kaFilipu Otto कार्ड ikhadi, ngubani isasaze le nkqubo ngokusekelwe umhlaba. Emva kwenkaba "umhlaba" yalungisa imibala yokuqala ecocekileyo. Kwipali eliphezulu uthatha umbala omhlophe, ephantsi - emnyama. Indawo intsalela kuhlala umxube ezikhanyayo.

inkqubo कार्ड ikhadi ibalwa kakhulu kwaye le ndawo ukuba ibe. isikwere ngasinye kwi lonke lenze olwalo "idilesi" yayo (obunga kunye ekwizibanzi), oko ke ngoko imiselwe ukubala. Emanyathelweni oosonzululwazi baye kunye nabanye abaye bazama ukuphucula inkqubo kwaye udale ukhetho lula ngakumbi: Chevreul, Goltz, Bezold.

inyaniso close

Kule kwiilwimi zesiNtu, izazinzulu bakwazi ukusondela inyaniso kunye nokudala umfuziselo umbala mihla. Oku kuququzelelwa iinkalo indlela yexesha. Koqobo yobuciko zabo, enika kubaluleke kakhulu umbala. Kungenxa yokuba oko ukuveza umbono yabo yobugcisa. Umbala uqala ukunxulumana umculo. Yena ufumana isixa esikhulu imibala, nkqu kwimeko yesixhobo elilinganiselweyo. Abantu baye bafunda ukuba ukwahlula kuphela imibala zaseprayimari, kodwa ithoni, mnyama, sisidenge, njalo njalo. D.

Le mbono yanamhlanje

Basics umbala nabenzululwazi owakhokela umntu ukuba nenyani yokuba iye lula amalinge angaphambili izazinzulu. Emva कार्ड ikhadi zomhlaba, ithiyori Ostwald, apho uye wenza isangqa ngemibala-24. Ke kaloku, isangqa, kodwa wawa kabini.

Itten Scientist nako ukuphuhlisa inkqubo egqibeleleyo. circle lakhe ali-imibala 12. Xa uqala kuqala, inkqubo kunzima ngokwaneleyo, kodwa unako ukujamelana nayo. imibala Basic kusekho amathathu: bomvu, qanda, bhlowu. Kukho zizonke imibala umyalelo wesibini, apho kunokuqulunqwa esitiyeni ezintathu ezingundoqo: iorenji, eluhlaza emsi nemfusa nebomvu. Kwakhona ezifakiweyo icandelo wesithathu-odolo kunye imibala enokuzuzwa esitiyeni umbala ezisisiseko kunye umyalelo yesibini zizonke.

Kakuhle eli nkqubo

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kufuneka ukwazi malunga Itten isangqa - kukuba le nkqubo yenzelwe kuphela lokuhlela ngokuchanekileyo yonke imibala, kodwa ukuhlanganisa kubo ngokuvumelana. Imibala eziphambili ezintathu, omthubi, oluhlaza kunye nobomvu, zicwangciswe unxantathu. Eli nani abhaliwe isangqa, ngokusekelwe apho sisazinzulu kwaba iHexagon. Ngoku kuvela isosceles oonxantathu, ezithi zibekwe ngendlela imibala edityanisiweyo umyalelo yesibini.

Ukuze ufumane emthunzini ekunene, kuyimfuneko ukugcina enkulu ngokulinganayo. Ukuze ufumane oluhlaza, kufuneka ukudibanisa qanda, bhlowu. Ukuze ufumane i-orenji, kufuneka uthathe ebomvu, emthubi. Ukuze ufumane nemfusa, mix obomvu, kunye noblowu.

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, kakhulu kunzima ukuqonda iziseko umbala yezenzululwazi. Ivili umbala ukhandwa umgaqo ilandelayo. Around ntandathu yethu bazobe isangqa. Alabe libe amacandelo 12 ngokulinganayo. Ngoku ke kufuneka ukuba ugcwalise iiseli kunye imibala zaseprayimari nasesekondari. Baya ikhombe encotsheni oonxantathu. izihlalo Empty kufuneka ugcwalise abangasekhoyo wesithathu-oda. Bathi ke, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, efunyanwa ukuxuba imibala eziziprayimari nezizisekondari.

Umzekelo,-orenji emthubi ukudala tyheli-orenji. Emsi nemfusa - aluhlaza-nemisonto, njalo njalo ..

ngokuvumelana

Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uluhlu Itten kuphela kunceda ukudala umbala, kodwa kuluncedo ukuba ukuhlanganisa kubo. Kuyimfuneko nje kuphela amagcisa kodwa abayili, fashion abayili, amagcisa ukwakhiwa, illustrators, abafoti kunye njalo njalo. D.

Indibaniso imibala ivumelane, uphawu kunye uncharacteristic. Xa sithatha abangasekhoyo esahlukileyo, baya kukhangela kakuhle. Ukuba ukhetha umbala ukuba ahlale icandelo ngokusebenzisa omnye, ufumana intlanganisela eqhelekileyo. Ukuba ukhetha imibala ezinxulumene ukuba akhe isangqa omnye emva komnye, ngoko ukufumana uqhagamshelwano uncharacteristic. Lo mbono usebenza candelo imibala ezisixhenxe.

Xa isangqa Itten lo mgaqo usebenza kakhulu, kodwa kancinci, njengoko kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuba ziya 12 Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumane ngokuvisisana ithoni-mbini, kufuneka sithathe ithowuni, zijongene omnye komnye. umbala-amathathu ngokuvumelana afunyenwe ukuba isangqa ukubhale unxantathu alinganayo, ngokutsho indlela efanayo okufumana ukuvumelana ebuxande, kodwa ngaphakathi singena uxande. Ukuba ufake kwi isikwere isangqa, jika-ngokuvumelana ezine. Ntandathu inoxanduva-umbala ezintandathu udibaniso. Ukongeza kwezi ndlela, kukho ukuvumelana analog, leyo, ukuba uthathe imibala chromatic thina of lubhelu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuze sikwazi ukufumana omthubi, omthubi-orenji, i-orenji, kwaye bomvu-orenji.

izakhiwo

Kuyabonakala ukuba kukho umbala engahambelaniyo. Nangona lo mqondo kakhulu impikiswano. Eyona nto kukuba xa uthatha i ebomvu eqaqambileyo kunye oluhlaza, khangela ngokuncedisana iya kuba nzima kunene. Ngamnye kubo uzama kulawula enye, ngenxa yokuba oko kuvela dissonance. Nangona lo mzekelo akuthethi ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ahlanganise kakuhle obomvu kunye noluhlaza. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka baqonde iimpawu umbala.

Hue - iseti imibala ezifanayo umbala omoya. Ukwanda - liqondo ka ayaphela. Ukudlala - le kelelo umbala ukuba isininzi ezimhlophe vice. Ukugqama - liqondo isondele ukuya umbala omnyama.

Kwakhona ukwabelana imibala chromatic kunye achromatic. Iqela lesibini amhlophe, abamnyama kunye nemibala ya hina. Iqela lokuqala - abanye. Zonke ezi propati zingachaphazela ukuhambisana kunye nemvisiswano imibala. Ukuba wenza ngaphantsi oqaqambileyo oluhlaza kwaye libunile kancinane, nobomvu ukwenza ukuzola, ngenxa yokwanda ndandifeketha na, aba umbala inelungelo gaka uya ngemvisiswano bahlanganise.

Amehlo abantwana

Izisekelo zesayensi umbala abantwana eziza kwakhiwa ngokohlobo komdlalo, njani, isimiso, nabo bonke uqeqesho. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ibinzana adumileyo imibala ecacicleyo: "Yonke umzingeli ufuna ukwazi apho ahlala Pheasant". Kuba abo abadala abangaqhelananga nale ubomi ngenye kobuntwana, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba ileta yokuqala kwigama ngalinye kwesi sivakalisi ibhekisa igama imibala zazo. Oko ke intloko ebomvu wethu, ngoko-orenji, omthubi, oluhlaza, nemisonto emsi, indigo nemisonto. Zizo ezi imibala eziyinxalenye yomnyama ngolandelelwano olufanayo. Ngoko ke into yokuqala umntwana zoba umnyama.

Xa umntwana mncinane kakhulu, kakade, akazazi ukuba iziseko umbala yesayensi, kungcono ukuthenga iincwadi imibala ngemizekelo. Oku kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana ukupeyinta esibhakabhakeni brown kunye nengca ebomvu. Kungekudala emva koko, uya kubona ukuba umntwana uza kuba nako ukujonga umbala yabo, kodwa kuqala kungcono ziinketho.

iimvakalelo

Kangangexesha elide izazinzulu baye bakwazi ukuqonda ukuba nayiphi emthunzini umbala isiseko inokuchaphazela iimvakalelo umntu. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala wayethetha Goethe ngo-1810. Kamva, oosonzululwazi bafumanisa ukuba psyche yabantu inxulunyaniswa nenyani lwangaphandle, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kwimbono umbala kwakhona kuchaphazela iimvakalelo.

Inyathelo elilandelayo kolu phando yaba ukufunyanwa zonke ithowuni yafumana imvakalelo ethile. Ngaphezu koko, le ngcamango ibonakala phantse ukusuka ekuzalweni. Kuye kwacaca ukuba kukho ikhowudi umbala, nto leyo ebhekisela iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, usizi, uloyiko, ukudinwa, bonke linokuchazwa njengendawo emnyama okanye hina. Kodwa uvuyo, inzala, ihlazo okanye uthando lidla sinxulumana ithinti ebomvu.

Ukongeza ukusebenza kwengqondo umbala wahlolwa kugadwe clinical. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba Iyandonwabisa ebomvu, bracing omthubi, oluhlaza kunciphisa uxinzelelo, kunye elithozamisayo oluhlaza. Kwakhona kuxhomekeke ngeempawu umbala. Ukuba oku obomvu ezolileyo, oko efuziselwa uvuyo nothando, ukuba emnyama eliqaqambileyo - igazi kunye ndlongo.

Imithetho chromatics kunye umbala - kwesayensi entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Kunzima ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo, kuba yonke into apha kakhulu isalamane kunye luluvo. Omnye umntu kuchaphazela umbala ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, abanye abantu, kwaye singenakwe- abangasekhoyo. Abanye igcisa lingakhangeleka indibanisela nemfusa emthubi evumelana kakhulu, omnye - size ziphikisana.