Amagcisa Modern - ummeli maxesha

Direction e Art, iye yenziwa kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela yenkulungwane XIX kunye kwekhulu XX ekuqaleni, edibanisa enabela ezifana expressionism, abstractionism, cubism, Dadaism, Futurism, kwemiYalezo, ebizwa kwimpucuko. Kuyinto indibanisela zobugcisa imiyalelo umzobo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane.

Yintoni Art Nouveau?

Ngenxa yoko, amagcisa mihla nga kuba nayiphi na kwezi nkalo, eziye zavela enye kwenye, ukuba into entsha ngokunxulumene ezidlulileyo. Ukusuka moderne French eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "mihla". Art Nouveau wayamkela onke amazwe aseYurophu ne eMelika. Abaninzi kubo waba amagama abo: Art Nouveau, Art Nouveau, "ekupheleni kwenkulungwane", Liberty kunye nabanye. Bonke bephela umele indlela entsha zobugcisa, eli ka apho aziboniswa real-ehlabathini, kunye nokudlulisela ku Isinikezeli ezweni labo lwabo luluvo zomntu zokudala. Amanye amaphepha abonisa ukuba wegcisa-modernist kuphika lemveli lenkcubeko, kwezinye Kuvakala ukuba wala imigca ethe ngqo kunye engile. Ngoko yintoni Cubism? Ekuveleni kwenkulungwane kwakukho abantu abaninzi imisinga ezahlukeneyo, imikhwa, amaqela noluntu, wamzalela italente entsha, kwaye nelizwi maxa wambi luli, kwaye umkhwa omtsha uye wahlanganisa kuzo zonke ingcinga jikelele ngokutsha ihlabathi phantsi yakhe ngakwibhanile ababumbene zonke iimbongi Russian ngexesha elifanayo iSilver Age.

Youth njalo ufuna updates

Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto babengamadoda abatsha, abanetalente, original, bonke umdla, bamthiya iziseko babefuna ukufezekisa ibinzana eliphezulu, ukudala indalo zabo ngaphakathi umfanekiso efanayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kwimpucuko - indlela ethile yokucinga yokuluka. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, isimbo mihla yokudweba kunye lwezakhiwo wazala igama ngqo eRashiya, Kakade ke, kwafuneka iimpawu yayo kazwelonke. Kukho uluvo lokuba thina, ukuba ngandlel 'ifiphale, kwakungekho ucaca ecacileyo. Mhlawumbi kungenxa eRashiya eninzi lonke - oluninzi amagcisa brilliant, uninzi lwezikolo kunye neentsingiselo, kunye nayiphi na ingcamango iphuma ngaphandle, iba imibala yesizwe.

School of Art Nouveau eRashiya

Russian amagcisa modernist ezifana Bilibin kunye Borisov-Musatov, Vasnetsov kunye Vrubel kunye Golovin, Malyutin kunye Nesterov, modernist ababhinqileyo Golubkina, Polenova Yakunchikova kumsebenzi wakhe hayi lo mkhuba eYurophu, kodwa kulizisela neempawu zesizwe kunye nezentlalo mihla. Le isimbo kwasuka kweminye imisebenzi Kandinsky kunye Korovin, Levitan kunye Petrov-Vodkin, Roerich kunye Serov. Ekuveleni kwenkulungwane eRashiya kwakukho iincwadi ezikhuthaza iingcamango Art Nouveau - ngenyanga lowu "Ibhalansi", iimagazini "Art and Art Industry" yaye "World of Art", amanani eziphambili ngubani kukwamela abanama- Russian Art Nouveau. Ezikhanya kubo Bakst kunye Benois, Dobuzhinsky kunye Somov. Ngenxa ezi iifani unokuthelekelela lo maleko enamandla ezahlukeneyo, kodwa emanyeneyo yi ariya eziqhelekileyo iitalente ingqondo yemveli.

Abameli ziqaqamba lohlobo

artist Modernist Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin (1876-1942 GG.), owayedume incwadi nomzobi kunye eqongeni ingcibi, yaba lilungu le "World of Art". umfanekiso wakhe ngu Boris Kustodiev, 1901, ibonisa ngokupheleleyo umfanekiso bohemians ummeli lwenqila kunye nouveau art. amagama athile ufanelwe uMikhail Vrubel (1856-1910 gg.). Amagcisa Modern, ukuba siphu- nemifuziselo kunye nesimbo yokuqala ekhethekileyo yokubhala, oko akunjalo iziqu yi bexesha lakhe, yaye Stasov yaye ukugxeka. Ngomhla umsebenzi walo mculi nge ukufa kabuhlungu bathi. imifanekiso lakhe M. Yu. Lermontova emangalisayo, ebizwa Block imizobo Vrubel imizobo ahlekisayo ezibiweyo ukusuka ngonaphakade. Artist kubhekwa umsunguli kwesimbo Russian modernist, kwakunjalo umthombo wayo.

Uyondelelwano lwee- italente eRashiya Ekuveleni eziqaphelekayo

Enye nani enamandla, emele womzobo Russian modernist yi uNikolay Rerih (1874-1947 GG.), Ngubani owakhokela umbutho "World of Art". Waye ubuntu ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukutyhubela ebomini, kokubini eRashiya nakumazwe aphesheya, apho bathutha ngowe-1917, wabhala ngaphezu kwama 7,000 kaMnu. Kodwa Roerich kuseyimfuneko umbhali, zakudala, sobulumko, ngokukaTau, umhambi, kunye nani yoluntu. Enye mizobo yakhe edumileyo, ebhaliweyo ngeli xesha, - "abatyeleli baphesheya" ngo-1901.

Russian Art Nouveau yaba namandla ngumkhuba ababezeke phezu arts, izakhiwo, iincwadi, kushishino kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Imali ezimangalisayo ngetalente, ubukhulu becala bakwicandelo iingqukuva ezimbini, ucinga isakhiwo Art Nouveau of kwihlabathi elitsha wayephethe ngokukhawuleza. Revolution modernists abaninzi abazange bathathe - efudukela, kwaye ulwalathiso ebhudla umsebenzi amagcisa Soviet waba ngokoqobo yobusoshiyali.

Elifutshane, kodwa ulwalathiso eqaqambileyo kakhulu

Le mizobo best modernist, le ezakudala yangoku banxibe zonke iimyuziyam zehlabathi. Amalaphu la matye zeemyuziyam Russian. Vrubel, Vasnetsov, Roerich, Kustodiev kunye nezinye liyabonakala kunye obathandayo. Ngubani na ongazaziyo Vasnetsov amaqhawe okanye Vrubel kaThixo I Swan Princess, kunye yiDemon okanye Pan? Beautiful, oyinqaba, limangalisa, ezintle neendawo unique, ke ufanelwe nkqu ixesha elifutshane, kodwa ezinawo ebalulekileyo kakhulu zobuciko Russian.

Ukushwankathela, singatsho ukuba abameli kakhulu boqobo, artists ezininzi umxhelo modernist kwinkulungwane yama-20 - yi Alfons Muha, Edvard Munch, Pol Gogen kunye bakuthi - Ivan Bilibin, uMikhail Vrubel kunye uNikolay Rerih.