Imigangatho zeSiqinisekiso: Rosstandart. Isigqibo kwimigangatho kwezatifiketi

NgoSeptemba 2010, umthetho wakhutshwa ngurhulumente waseRashiya, apho inkqubo emiselweyo imigangatho iziqinisekiso. Rosstandart amaxwebhu isikhokelo nkongomiso ekuqinisekiseni ukufana ngokwemilinganiso. Ulwazi malunga nemigangatho yomlinganiselo eqinisekisiweyo ebiqaliswe ulwazi Federation Fund, yaye ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa umgangatho efanayo kwilizwe ngokubanzi. Yintoni na imigangatho isatifikethi, Rosstandart wagqiba gqolo kunye ngokubanzi, yiloo nto kanye yintoni eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Yintoni na umgangatho

Iiyunithi standard izinto eziphathekayo (standard womlinganiselo) ebizwa ngokuba kuthetha okanye iseti yabo, nto leyo yenzelwe ukugcina kunye (okanye) ukudlala yabo iyunithi yokulinganisa, bazidlulisele nomlinganiselo bayo kuthetha zijonge inkqubo Ukulinganiswa asezantsi. Le ndlela yokulinganisa (okanye indlela leqela) abamkelwe standard kumiselwa inkqubo, apho imigangatho iziqinisekiso. Rosstandart ubonelela kwikhondo yayo engundoqo amanye amanqaku.

Okokuqala, uyilo yesalathisi, yinto iseti iipropati kunye neendlela nokuzala yunithi kugqiba uhlobo nobungakanani elibonakalayo, inqanaba izixhobo womlinganiselo kwindawo ethile. Okwesibini, imilinganiselo Rosstandart iziqinisekiso ubonelela kuphela kwimeko apho isalathisi inemisebenzi ubuncinane emithathu ebalulekileyo, kunye nezinye ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo. Le ukungaguquleki, reproducibility kunye slichaemost.

Standards of eziziiprayimari neziziisekondari

1. Umgangatho ephambili (standard zaseprayimari) ekuthiwa esibonelela iyunithi ukudlala kunye ngqo liphezulu kwilizwe xa kuthelekiswa nemigangatho ye-unit efanayo. Apha kwakhona, wenze inqaku Rosstandart. imigangatho isiqinisekiso Metrological kweepropati (kuphela imigangatho eziphambili iiyunithi) akaxhomekekanga iimpawu neminye imigangatho semetroloji, apho walinganisa izixa iyunithi enye.

2. Le okuthiwa umgangatho eyodwa iphinde izivelise kwakhona unit phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ngamanye amazwi xa ezitsho eliphezulu kwaye omsindo kwi amandla ephantsi eziphakamileyo, amaqondo obushushu, iingcinezelo, phantsi kweemeko ezizodwa, kunye izinto ezifanayo. Kwaye kwezi meko ukusebenzisa indlela kuphuhliswa kototye Rosstandart. imigangatho Certification ekuvezeni unit phantsi kweemeko Okukodwa kakhulu, kwenziwa ngokungqinelana nemigaqo phezu kwabo.

3. Umgangatho Sekondari (standard eziziisekondari) wabiza omnye ofumana ubungakanani unit ukusuka umgangatho engundoqo yeyunithi ngokwayo. Ezi zibandakanya imigangatho zomsebenzi, imilinganiselo iikopi kunye nemigangatho ethile, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

standard reference kunye nomthombo

1. Izinga yokuthelekisa (standard transfer) ebizwa ngokuba aphakamileyo, esetyenziswa yokuthelekisa, ukuba Prayimari sinokuba kuba sasiqala ngqo. imigangatho Ukuqinisekisa kweeyunithi Rosstandart limisele yokuziphatha yaye kwiimeko ezinjalo.

2. standard Reference (standard reference) ekuthiwa Lowo unayo iimpawu aphezulu metrological abo ezifumaneka kolu hlobo zemilinganiselo elebhu, kwi kwishishini, umbutho, ubulungiseleli okanye arhente kule ngingqi, ilizwe okanye iqela elithile kumazwe . It livela kwi original iiyunithi zokusombulula reference owayamileyo kuyo ngokusebenzisa isixhobo yokulinganisa.

Apha, ngokumalunga nemigangatho isiqinisekiso kweeyunithi Rosstandart kwakhona inika amanqaku amabini. Okokuqala, amanye amazwe ico basebenzisa endaweni secondary yantlandlolo umlinganiselo enika umgcini kubungakanani emilinganiselo yemigangatho, kuba umgangatho iphambili kweli lizwe. Okwesibini, ezo imilinganiselo eyamkelekileyo ngaphantsi kwesi skim sokuqala Umfumaniwesicelo idla ngokuba imigangatho abangaphantsi.

Etalon-ikopi umsebenzi, kunye nomgangatho karhulumente

1. Umgangatho ikopi-ebizwa aphakamileyo, eyenzelwe ukuba adlulisele ubungakanani emilinganiselo yemigangatho yomsebenzi, indawo kwezinye iimeko kufanelekile, nokuba umgangatho yokuqala, nangona akusoloko ikopi ngqo emzimbeni wakhe. imigangatho Ukuqinisekisa iiyunithi kakhulu kangako ukuba ukusebenzisa le ndlela.

2. I-standard yokusebenza (standard ukusebenza) ibizwa aphakamileyo ubungakanani unit yokusasaza yindlela echanekileyo kuthetha yokulinganisa.

3. Chaza standard ephambili ngowona, sisigqibo karhulumente yomzimba umthombo elaziwayo egunyazisiweyo kummandla loo State. Umzekelo kwemigangatho yesiqinisekiso esinjalo leeyunithi ukuze uluntu imigangatho kilogram -meter, elesibini, Kelvin, ampere, Newton, candela, Pascal, Bq, volt.

Kuba isimo zaseprayimari umgangatho weyunithi kukho imithetho ethile; ke ngaso ipropati federal kwaye phantsi oluthengiso, yintoni uchaze imithetho efanelekileyo. Bona zisetyenziswa yaye zigcinwe kwi State Research Centre of leMitroloji.

Imigangatho yesizwe neyamazwe ngamazwe

Umgangatho kazwelonke (standard wesizwe) ibizwa ingqalelo ngokusesikweni njengomthombo kweli lizwe. Enyanisweni, lo ingqiqo ingqamana kwinkcazelo nemigangatho karhulumente, ngokubhekiselele apho kukho isigqibo ekhethekileyo kwimigangatho iziqinisekiso. Ngoko ke, lo gama iimeko uthelekiso eziyimfuneko nemigangatho yamazwe ezahlukeneyo nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, ngokunjalo uthelekiso setyhula (ukuba inani imigangatho yamazwe). Kodwa kuqala, ilizwe ngalinye kuthwalelwa phandle imigangatho isiqinisekiso nobukhulu. Rosstandart ubanga lobukhulu yeyunithi ngamnye kweli lizwe.

standard International (standard ngamazwe) ekuthiwa eyamkelwe ngesivumelwano ngamazwe njenge isiseko yamazwe kudityaniso units ubungakanani, ezithi zigcinwe yaye idlalwa emva njengoko imigangatho yesizwe. Hi xikombiso, le ikhilogram prototype leyo zigcinwa BlPM, Ukumangalela General Conference wokuqala nobuNzima Measures (CGPM).

Standards angamanye kunye neqela

umgangatho eyodwa ebizwa nalowo ifunyenwe isakhiwo kukho mnye kuphela isixhobo sokulinganisa (umatshini standard, yokulinganisa sixhobo okanye umlinganiselo) ukwenzela ukugcinwa kunye (okanye) okudlalwa kweyunithi. Xa uthatha ngokuvumelana Rosstandart, imigangatho isatifikethi, uyala-Arhente Federal for Metrology kunye noMmiselo Technical kwi indlela yokulinganisa kufuneka wenziwe ngokungqongqo. Zimisela umyalelo ingqalelo kwamaxwebhu baze basinike wona sokuvunywa ukuqinisekisa ukufana ngokupheleleyo ngokwemilinganiso, apho ndawo lo misebenzi iyenziwa.

Iqela Reference (standard) Ingqungquthela ngokuba yesalathisi, apho umlinganiselo oluqhelekileyo esebenzayo kuthetha hlobo eyodwa okanye umqolo wamaxabiso wesiqhelo isicelo kunye ukuphucula nokuchaneka okanye yokuzala iyunithi okugcina ngayo. imigangatho Group ezi nokwakheka bume okanye rhoqo. Isiphumo na izibalo kuthetha emva iiyunithi zemilinganiselo okanye uhlobo olufanayo kwezixhobo reference yokulinganisa.

Zohambo imigangatho kunye reference iseti

iseti Reference (standard group) ebizwa ngokuba reference, leyo iquka iseti izixhobo yokulinganisa ezahlukeneyo, ngoko kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukugcina enye okanye lokuyivelisa e kumaqondo enobunye kwayo. Ngokuba lo hlobo imigangatho yokulinganisa, kukho kwakhona iqela irejista (Rosstandart). imigangatho isiqinisekiso kwenzeka kwiimeko imfuneko kugubungela ummandla othile amaxabiso physical ngobuninzi.

standard ihanjiswa (standard ohambahambayo) standard kuyinto lomthobo zokwakha ekhethekileyo ekuthi kujongwe ukuba ukuthutha kwindawo imigangatho uthelekiso okanye ethile iyunithi umlinganiselo kwimibhobho (umlinganiselo kwimibhobho) umlinganiselo lithetha. Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho unit Rosstandart uchitha kwinqanaba elithile. imigangatho Holder kuqala ulungiselela impahla lwamaxwebhu (inombolo ye-odolo 36 ka-2014), ebandakanya kwesiqinisekiso ekuqaleni kokuqinisekiswa kunye nokuqiniselwa yokundwendwela olusezantsi kunye nesicelo kunye nomxholo asemgangathweni, eliqulethe icandelo inkqubo kunye novavanyo. umnini Further oluqhelekileyo watyeda kwesicelo Rosstandart. Ukuqinisekiswa migangatho ifuna nokungeniswa kwayo, ukuze abe nako ukuqinisekisa iziphumo kokuqala ukuqiniszekiswa kunye irekhodi yeenkcukacha ngala benchmark kwi obhaliso ye Federal Information Fund.

recertification

Umgangatho kufuneka rhoqo ukufumana isiqinisekiso sokuthobela, ngoko kungekudala umnini ithumela la maxwebhu ukulungiselela uviwo. Ukuba iziphumo ezincomekayo ngayo, Rosstandart wakhupha umyalelo ekuvunyweni idata yesalathisi, yaye iya kuba sisiseko yokungena kule ulwazi kwicandelo elifanelekileyo Federal Information Fund.

imigangatho zifuna certification Rosstandart wenziwe ngamathuba athile, kwaye ngexesha ngalinye umnini kufuneka ubaxelele ngezinto iziphumo. imigangatho afanelekayo zidweliswe, eziya kuthunyelwa nenkqubo yolawulo xwebhu ngekhompyutha, apho umnini kufuneka ugcwalise ifomu. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo ezingentle Rosstandart wathumela incwadi esemthethweni malunga nkalongoko ukuba umGaqo-data ye Federal Information Fund.

Isigqibo kwimigangatho kwezatifiketi

Rosstandart - leyo Arhente Federal for UMmiselo Technical kunye Metrology, yona esilawulayo, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zikarhulumente nokulawula ipropathi karhulumente endle kwimetroloji kunye ummiselo zobugcisa. Le arhente inoxanduva ukususela ngo-2004 iSebe lezoRhwebo noShishino ye-Russian Federation. Ngo-2010, uRhulumente esamkelwa esingunombolo 734 kunye nemimiselo elawula ukuqaliswa iimfuno zomthetho yemigangatho yomlinganiselo esetyenziswa kumgaqo kurhulumente kunye nokunika ukulandeleka.

Kukho kwakhona iqulathe ulwazi ukuvavanya njani ukuthobela neeyunithi ubungakanani standard ngasinye ukuba isihloko, kunye nenkqubo ukutshintshwa imigangatho karhulumente. Le Regulation iqulethe imithi inkqubo mzekelo, umxholo, yaye egunyazisiweyo isicelo imigangatho zikarhulumente zaseprayimari. Ndiwise umthetho URhulumente uvelise iinkqubo nemigangatho isiqinisekiso ngamaxesha athile lokuqala zovavanyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa zonke iimfuno.

inkqubo yoqinisekiso

Sikhundla enikwa yi-Resolution № 734, kwaye imisela ukwakhiwa amaxwebhu afunekayo ukulungiselela iinkqubo nemigangatho isiqinisekiso. Zezi:

1. Ulwazi malunga isatifikethi zaseprayimari kunye nophando.

2. Imithetho kwesicelo kunye nokuqulethwe umgangatho.

3. interval Ukuzimisela mezhattestatsionnogo.

Abanini kwemigangatho eqinisekisiweyo inokuba oosomashishini okanye amaqumrhu asemthethweni. Bathumela onke amaxwebhu zilungiswe Rosstandart ukuba wenze isigqibo malunga ukuvunywa imigangatho bakuzo.

order Rosstandart

NgoJanuwari 2014 bekukho ngenombolo 36 Rosstandart, esasisithi phezu ekuvunyweni isiqinisekiso lokuqala ngamaxesha kwakunye ekulungiseleleni kwemigangatho ukuze zamkelwe.

Noko imigangatho yomlinganiselo esetyenziswa kumgaqo karhulumente kunye ukufana ngokwemilinganiso. Ukuqinisekiswa kufuneka kwenziwe phezu iingcebiso, equlethe izicelo asithoba kunye achaza amanqanaba isatifikethi ephambili (Isihlomelo 1) kwaye ngamaxesha athile (Isihlomelo 9).

imisebenzi Rosstandart

Metrology Office of Federal Agency ngexesha imigangatho nokuqinisekiswa manyathelo alandelayo:

1. abanini isicelo Faka.

2. koMgaqo lwezixhobo enika umnini nazo zonke iimfuno zomthetho Russian.

3. Nika umyalelo equlunqwayo nguSekela Head of-Arhente Federal for UMmiselo yobugcisa kunye Metrology sokuvunywa umgangatho utyikityo.

4. Bhala phantsi imigangatho yomlinganiselo.

5. Ikhutshwe ikopi yomyalelo ngokuthandwa ngumnini eqhelekileyo.

6. Fakela iikopi umba ingxelo kwijenali zomyalelo imvume.

Okulandelayo FSUE "VNIIMS" sichaza inombolo yesalathiso isiqinisekiso ubungqina, nto leyo inegalelo isiseko solwazi.

iziphumo

imigangatho kwezatifiketi - umsebenzi ngokomthamo, oluqhutywa kuphela umbutho Rosstandart (FMC GNMI), kodwa ngoosomashishini ngamnye kakhulu okanye amaqumrhu asemthethweni eziqulathe karhulumente kusebenza imigangatho akukho ukufana ngokwemilinganiso.

Kuba 2016 eRashiya kukho irejista imigangatho 65 688 ezivunyiweyo. Umzekelo, i-FBU "Rostov UCM" ayiphumelelanga ukungqinisisa imigangatho-2016 ngo-1125, i-FBU "Volgograd cum" - 657, FBU "Krasnodar CSM" - 1256, i-FBU "aseStavropol cum" - 704, kwaye FBU "cum iCrimea" - 417.