Esebenzisa amagama "ababalwayo, wambopha, atywinwe"

Phakathi amaphepha zangoku kunye mpepha amaninzi zifumaneka amaxwebhu kwicala elingemva apho kukho othi "babalwayo, wambopha, atywinwe." Nini kwaye yintoni iinjongo isetyenziselwe ngale ndlela ubhaliso? Nalo kubalulekile ekuphandeni zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Amaxwebhu Firmware ezifunekayo

Kwinkqubo yeengcali ulawulo lweerekhodi asoloko ukujongana amaxwebhu-page ezininzi. Ukuba lo ngeposi yesiqhelo okanye iphepha ukulungiselela ukusetyenziswa ngemihla, iimakhishithi wenza ukuba xhulumana esebenzisa ikliphu yephepha okanye kutyiwa. Le ndlela yenza kube lula nangaliphi na ixesha ukwabelana uxwebhu lwakho zibe kumacandelo okanye amaxwebhu batshintsha iindawo. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko, akuvumelekile ngokupheleleyo. Bulunga isidima xwebhu kufanele:

• xa betshintsha kwi yokugcina;
• ngokuba uqinisekiso leekopi ngabanye;
• lokungenisa iingxelo kwi-ofisi irhafu kunye nezinye iingxowa-mali;
• xa kungeniswa iphakheji kwamaxwebhu ubhaliso.

Kulo mzekelo, amaphepha-ishishini ezininzi wenza flash, yaye ekugqibeleni kubekwa kwicala labo emva siqinisekiso Umbhalo ezifana "ababalwayo, wambopha, atywinwe."

Olu khetho kuyilo yaqaliswa ngomhla ngenxa GOST 51141-98 "amaphepha kunye ukugcina", kwakunye IMbasa inani mpepha State 76 ngoDisemba 23, 2009. Le mimiselo iinkcukacha iimfuno amaxwebhu ukuba aphathwe kunye nolwazi-nkqubo kunye neengcebiso xa firmware lwabo. element olugunyazisiweyo zokushumayela apha iphepha elibhaliweyo kwathiwa "babalwayo, wambopha, atywinwe."

imithetho firmware

Ukuze ukudibanisa kumaphepha ahlukeneyo zibe uxwebhu olunye amaninzi, kufuneka ube:

• cu obukhulu;
• inaliti kunye ngomngxunyana olubanzi;
• ngenyatyhowa
• waka;
• glue Abefundisi ;
• i Iphepha elimhlophe.

Le ndlela ilula kokudibanisa phezu imingxuma ezintathu. Wonke umsebenzi wenziwa kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba ezininzi:

1. Okokuqala, kwicala lasekhohlo lwe imfumba amaxwebhu ekufuneka kwenziwe ngenyatyhowa inkosi yalo imingxuma 3 imi kumgama elifanayo enye kwenye.
2. Vdet uhala ngenaliti kugqitha kuyo kwicala emva, endaweni okuhlatywa ephakathi. Kulo mzekelo, isitokhwe kufuneka ibe ngaphezu kwe-7 iisentimitha intambo.
3. Ubuso inaliti kuhlohlwa kungena emngxunyeni ngasekhohlo. Ndifanele ndifumane kwiteksti enye.
4. Icala emva ngokuqakatha inaliti kuhlohlwa kungena eseleyo ukuvulwa free ibekwe ekunene.
5. Thread miss phakathi (ekuqaleni firmware).
6. iintsalela ezimbini kuhlohlwa kwicala emva wokubopha kono ukuze kwiteksti kwaba ngaphakathi.
7. Ukusuka lonke iphepha kunqunyulwa kunye izikere buxande umlinganiselo 2 x 8 cm iqhekeza, uze unamathele ibandla kunye iziphelo ngemisonto.
8. On amaphepha kwakuse ukwenza othi "ababalwayo, wambopha, atywinwe", ebonisa inani amaxwebhu enxulumene (amanani neeleta). Ifunyanwa ngezantsi nje umqondiso kunye nentsingiselo yalo.

Crosslinked ukuze uxwebhu kube lula kuthunyelwa khona.

iimagazini firmware

Ngokutsho imithetho ukuqhuba iinkqubo kwi firmware nazo zifuna iincwadi accounting ezininzi, apho amagosa aphezulu na ubhaliso amaxwebhu ezingenayo. Oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukukhusela, ulwazi olunikezelweyo, yaye kube lula ukucinga. Kakade ke, kuba kulula ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokuba Tyhila iphepha amaphepha ambalwa kunokuba ngokutsha imfumba maxwebhu, leyo, umzekelo, kufuneka zifikeleleke kubantu besithathu. Ukulungiselela iinjongo ezinjalo, amashishini ezininzi ukuqala log. Oku incwadi inani eqhubekayo, apho ukugcina irejista esisigxina kwamaxwebhu luhlobo oluthile (iincwadi zomsebenzi kukhutshwa kuvumelana, imiyalelo, wokuqhelaniswa OT kunye nabanye).

Le log kufuneka ube nzima cover ezaneleyo ukuzikhusela nxamnye wear yesiqhelo kunye iinyembezi. Ukongeza, onke amaxwebhu ngaphakathi kuyo, qho mandatory kufuneka ukubala lwaluthungwa intambo eyomeleleyo. Eziphelweni lacing ngexesha elinye kufuneka uhlale ecaleni engaphakathi emkhonweni yatywinwa noxwebhu olungenanto iphepha ngesiqhelo umgangatho isiqinisekiso mazwi.

uluhlu esiqinisekiso

Emva ebengezelayo amaxwebhu kufuneka aqinisekiswe yi utyikityo yentloko kwenkampani itywina yenkampani. Lo ngumlinganiselo kuyimfuneko, nto leyo esetyenziselwa abanye abasebenzi kwezinto ayikwazanga ukuba ukuqhatha abazimiseleyo yaye endaweni yinxalenye yale ngxelo. Njengoko kwimakhishithi ye isiqinisekiso ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa intwana iphepha imilo plain buxande. Kuyafuneka ukuba kuncanyathiselwa ukuze ukugubungela kakuhle izinto firmware (esiludumbo nokuxhuma iintsalela ngemisonto). igosa Top ranking kufuneka enze uphawu elithile isampulu. Kwezinye izityalo kusetyenziswa le fomu ekhethekileyo "kwenziwa kunye, zininzi kwaye atywinwe."

Unga zichwethezwe kwi computer, uze uprinte iisampulu igqityiwe kwi inani kuyimfuneko. Phantsi kwe block isihloko, ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa Isithuba segosa elinoxanduva (umphathi), kwakunye isiginitsha yakhe zokucazulula eneenkcukacha. Igcina zokushumayela noxwebhu umhla EEPROM lolu xwebhu.

Umthamo maxwebhu aya eqinisekisiweyo

Ngaphambi kokuba benze firmware kufuneka renumber onke amaxwebhu ezibandakanywe kolu xwebhu. Ukuze wenze oku, kukho imithetho ethile;

1. Ababalelwanga amaphepha, oko kukuthi, amaphepha.
2. Amagumbi ngokuqhelekileyo zibekwe kwiphiko lasekunene eliphezulu ukuze inyuka.
3. Amangenelo senziwe Amanani Arabic (kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, uvunyelwe ukusebenzisa Roman).
4. A Iphepha equlethe amaqhekeza ngamnye ezinonjolwe ngayo kule nkqubo jikelele. Ukongeza, amacandelo ngabanye inventri yayo.
5. Ukuba kukho kuncanyatheliswe sheet olunye wabelwe igumbi rhoqo.
6. Ukuba xwebhu luqulathe izicelo zangaphakathi, nabo kufuneka kubalelwa ngokwahlukeneyo.
7. Ngamanye amaxesha wena xa kokulondoloza ngokubhala. Kulo mzekelo, imvulophu yokuqala ababalwayo, yaye emva koko - ukuba yintoni na.

Inani lilonke amaxwebhu aboniswe kwisicatshulwa isiqinisekiso neeleyibhile kabini. Inyathelo lokuqala kubonisiwe ixabiso lenani, ngoko kwizibiyeli - ngamagama.

Ukususela 2013 eRashiya weza iimfuno ezintsha amandla zobhaliso lwamaphepha zidluliselwe kweminye imibutho. Kodwa ke, nangona ukuba akukho ngokukhankanywa firmware mandatory, iinkampani ezininzi ziyaqhubekeka ukusebenzisa indlela endala-yakhudala ekulungiseleleni olu xwebhu.