Indlela abaphila? iintlobo ukudibana

element olugunyazisiweyo loyilo nasiphi na ikhaya okanye nesakhiwo ukudlulela. Eli candelo le-sikhokelo yokwakha zaza zanyanzelisa umsebenzi nomthwalo obuvelisa nokwahlukana imigangatho. Eneneni, ngenxa ezifanayo kwaye ukuyilwa isiqinisekiso kwezakhiwo ezikhulu okanye ukwahlulwa isithuba yokwakha ezingundoqo cars. Abakhi basebenzise izinto ezahlukileyo ukuze ifanele imisebenzi ethile ayangenana. Iintlobo ukudibana nayo ayahluka uhlobo indawo, uyilo kunye nezinye iparameters zokusebenza. Ukuze ubone isakhiwo ezilungele iimfuno zale projekthi, kuyimfuneko ukwazi iimpawu iintlobo ezikhoyo ayangenana, kwakunye neemfuno ezimiselweyo umthwalo amandla element.

Ukwahlukanisa ngu injongo

Xa ukhetha uhlobo ukudibana kufuneka kuqala sakhele phezu ukusetyenziswa kwayo elizayo. Njengomthetho jikelele, iingcali ezichongiweyo kwimimandla emithathu ukusebenzisa izinto ezinjalo.

1. Cap. Eli qela lungaquka iintlobo imigangatho ekhaya, eziqinisekisa isithuba ukwahlukana ezantsi kwesakhiwo. Kulo mzekelo ukwakhiwa kusetyenziswa umzekelo ukusahlula kumgangatho ongaphantsi wokuqala.
2. indawo Half-phantsi. Uhlobo zixhaphakileyo apho ukudibana yomveleli phakathi imigangatho.
3. Eliphezulu. Ukuqinisekisa eqhekeza eliphezulu okanye eliphezulu kunye kwigumbi lokuphumla.

Kwimeko nganye idlulela enyanzeliswa phezu imisebenzi zokusebenza kwabo, nto leyo kuxhomekeka uyilo kunye nendawo, kwaye izinto ezo zenziwe ezinye iziqalelo zokwakha. Ngokusekelwe kwezi parameters, ezikhethiweyo iintlobo ezithile imigangatho leyo unokunika i "amathambo" bendlu amandla ixesha elide. Umzekelo, kwi sasihlangatyezwa yabucala ngamaplanga ngokulungiselela imbala ingasetyenziswa inkqubo iisilingi elula, kwaye akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle phezulu-amandla ngakumbi izakhiwo olungundoqo eziphakamileyo ukwakha ngezitena.

uhlobo zidlulela monolithic

Enye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu ekwenzeni iisilingi, nayo leyo sinika amandla aphezulu kunye nokwakha. Ezi zithinteli ukudala ikhonkrithi ngokwesiseko ubuchwepheshe yokuzaliswa. Inyathelo lokuqala ukhandwa formwork, apho Pre-ekhethiweyo iimfuno ezifanelekileyo kuyilo rebars. Okulandelayo, isiseko eziphathekayo obegalelwe, Ebubanzini apho ziyahluka ukusuka cm-8 ukuya kweli-14. Iadvanteji eziphambili elifunyanwa phantse zonke iintlobo Iizilebhu monolithic na ithuba lokuvunywa naluphi na uhlobo zokwakha elizayo. Oku kusebenza kwi iinketho yemveli iibhulorho ngakumbi, kunye nenkqubo uphose-lokuqokelela, leyo, Noko ke, abanye umda.

Zezinto kwemigangatho eyikonkriti

Ngenxa umgangatho wayo zobugcisa kunye nokusebenza, izakhiwo ufakelo lwesamente zithandwa kakhulu ekwakheni. yolwaphulo ikhuthaza elula, nangona ixesha elininzi, ubuchwepheshe mveliso. Ukuqwalasela iintlobo kwemigangatho eyikonkriti, xa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba bonke bephela, awela mveliso baza bagqiba iimveliso ngqo kwi sayithi.

imigangatho zigqibele lisetyenziswa kumaxesha amaninzi ukwakhiwa kwezindlu. Ekubeni eziphathekayo ngokwayo inobunzima elikhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa milenge enyusiweyo ngenxa nje akunakwenzeka. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kucetyiswa ukwenza kubangwa ngqo "ngamavili". iibhasi okt akhulule neepleyiti wammisa phezu ndawo. Ukuba indlela anyuliweyo self-imveliso amacwecwe ezinjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba anyamekele umsebenzi (okanye eziqinileyo metal iplanga komhlaba) kunye ziphele, apho kuvame nazo imvelaphi mveliso.

ipleyiti Modern udidi "afakwe" zikwaquka kwiqela lakho ezenziwe eziphathekayo. Types ezilala phezu kule ntsapho ubonakala ngokuba isakhiwo of iipleyiti zesinyithi mveliso, ubukhulu ogama ayidluli 6 cm. Isiseko ukulungele na formwork oluhlanganisiweyo kwizinti ukomeleza emva kwayo batyhileka kunye mix eziphathekayo.

Chastorebristye ukudlulela

Olu khetho lidla asetyenziswe ekwakheni izindlu zabucala amancinci. Uyilo isekelwe chastorebristogo zidlulela ngemiqadi kunye neebhloko ezibuhlazarha, abazalisa va kwezakhi isidumbu. Eyona eziqhelekileyo iindidi iisilingi olwalusele, ukufakelwa eliza bahlanganisane iielementi kwisiza elungiselelwe ngaphambili kunye nokudalwa amaqhina eziphathekayo. Phakathi iingenelo imifuziselo chastorebristyh cell ukuba iimpawu zabo elinjubaqa, ukuthembeka eliphezulu, lokunciphisa umsindo, kunye nesakhono ukufaka ngaphandle nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iimpawu ezifanayo zinonxibelelwano, lwenziwe iibhulorho precast. ngokuqhelekileyo ufakelo yabo ayiyi kuba nzima kakhulu, kodwa kwezinye iimeko nangoku kufuna ukubandakanyeka iilori milenge.

nophahla joist

imiqadi yeplanga ziqhele. Zinceda ukudala ziyangenana nangezitena kunye nezakhiwo ngomthi. Le lokwakha sikhokelo kwezixhaso wazibeka phantsi iplanga, eya kamva kusetyenziselwa Ipeyinti zokuhombisa. iintlobo lwakudala imigangatho hardwood zinika yenkqubo okuvelisa Nxibelelanisa iibhodi esebenzisa vee. Imiqadi ezisetyenziswayo ukuze ube milinganiselo ilandelayo: 10-20 cm ububanzi, ubude-40 cm kunye-15 cm ubude.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba yokwakha eyenziwe ngomthi, inyathelo phakathi abathwali ungaba kuze 150 cm. Ngokwemo bhetyebhetye ngokubhekiselele kwindlela ikuvumela ukubeka Imiqadi kunye nezinto soundproofing. imigangatho sihlahla ziyasetyenziswa kwakhona ukuphawula uhombiso. Kwicala top nga kusisa kuzo phantse na ukutyabeka kunye emazantsi - ukufaka silingi lunqunyanyisiwe.

iintlobo echweliweyo

Imiqadi iintlobo ezimbini ingasetyenziselwa imigangatho oluqinile. Zizo ezo izinto ukusuka iinkuni eqinileyo eyodwa okanye iimveliso ngaplastiki. Ekuveliseni iintlobo zokuqala ngqongqo kusetyenziswa imithi ngokuqhelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba siqwalasele ukuba kwiinkqubo interfloor izinto eziqinileyo zingasetyenziswa kuphela phantsi komqathango ukuba ubude kwisithuba ayikho ngaphezulu kwe-5 m. Iintlobo njo yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa ukuvumela isicelo ngokubanzi ukususela kwezobugcisa lemveliso unika izinto amandla aphezulu.

Ukongeza, ezinemiqadi elaminethiweyo unako kuveliswa kunye ubude ngaphezu analogue okuqinileyo iinkuni uluhlu. Ukuziqhelisa, ezifunekayo zolu hlobo ziyakwazi ukumelana imithwalo enzima yaye ukudibana spans ukuya kwi-20 m ubude. Okubalulekileyo nobugcisa ukubonakala umqadi njo, apho akukho mfuneko yokuba kubekho unyango olukhethekileyo emva obandayo.

Iizilebhu Floor

Ukuqinisekisa zekhala interstorey iyilungele - eyona nto ibalulekileyo, ukukhetha uhlobo oluthile sokwakha. Okwangoku, iintlobo Iizilebhu eziqhelekileyo, abafanelekileyo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo zokwakha elandelayo.

1. Exabe. Ngenxa iprofayili abayinqobo kuye, wenze kakuhle umthwalo ukuvumela. Ezisetyenziswa kwi nokuhlaziya ngokutsa kophahla kunye izisele.
2. Ulenze. Izinto eziluncedo ze Uphahla ezinjalo ubushushu aphezulu kunye yokugquma ephilileyo, kwakunye ubunzima ukukhanya, evumela ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwizakhiwo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo.
3. Monolithic. Bona ndinamandla kakhulu, nto leyo wagqiba kwicala engundoqo ukusebenzisa kwabo - kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo avuke.
4. Solid. Ngenxa eliphezulu umthwalo ngokuzala amandla ukudibana loo isetyenziswa ukwakha izibonelelo zoshishino ngempumelelo.

Klein ashiyanayo

Olu hlobo ukudibana ayikho nje eqhelekileyo eRashiya njengoko monolithic linyanzelisa slab efanayo eziphathekayo, kodwa phambi kokuba abameli balo baba ethandwayo phakathi ababhekisi phambili, kwaye namhlanje kuhlala ezininzi abaxhasi obu bugcisa. design Kane lungabandakanywa ngeentlobo Umgangatho izakhiwo ngokwesiseko imiqadi. Kuphela kule meko lisusiwe iinkuni kunye intsimbi elements I-beam ebude kuba phakathi kwe-8 ne-24 cm. Ukubekwa imiqadi olwenziwa kumgama ukusuka kwenye nenye nama-160 cm. Le kwenqanaba elisezantsi ibimele ukuba ukudala ipleyiti inkxaso ukusekwa ngezitena yodongwe. Le slab kwakhona luqiniswe njengemicwana yentsimbi okanye iintonga, ezishiyanayo ngobukhulu ukusuka cm 0.6 ukuya 0.8. Ukuba ukuzala efunekayo bokusebenza kulo wayo linyuke ngokomeleza ngokuzalisa izitena okanye mna echweliweyo.

Ukufaka esinombhalo monolithic

Kugqityiwe slab ikhonkrithi ngokusekelwe iphela ka amacwecwe ifomu kwi-15 cm zamafu. Xa isenzo efanayo component obuvelisa yoyilo metal, iyimithi; zentsimbi channel okanye H-iziqalelo. Ukuba ingasetyenziswa yokugubungela kwindoda imigama ezinkulu - nkqu kuzo ziya kunikwa amandla phezulu, ngokunjalo zokuzikhusela neenkqubo umlilo ukubola, ezo phantse yonke imigangatho eziphathekayo. Iintlobo nakwiisilingi kwisiseko ngomthi oothixo ufakelo lwesamente ulahlekelwa, nangona nokuphathwa elifanelekileyo kakhulu elide.

Kujikelezo isiza ngaphezulu imfuneko amalungiselelo formwork ngamaplanga. Kwakhona ukwenza uhlobo "bottom" design. Formwork eyenziwe sheets ngamaplanga ukuthi ibekwe phantsi bema, enemilenze emithathu, intsimbi kunye nemiqadi eyenziwe ngomthi. Ngomhla zeendawana metal kuyimfuneko ukubeka isakhelo ngakumbi, apho nemivalo ezisetyenziswayo, umbhalo 1 cm zamafu. Emva koko, isakhiwo uzilungiselele kufuneka uzaliswe eziphathekayo. Kukhethwa ukuba usebenzise uphawu M200. Le ziyangenana walungisa thusly ziya kwahluka iqondo eliphezulu namandla elide.

Ukufakelwa Iizilebhu olwalusele monolithic

isakhiwo olwalusele monolithic bayazibhijabhija ehambelana iimpawu kunye neendidi Iizilebhu ngeebeam ufakelo lwesamente. Kuba kwisixhobo ukudibana kufuneka vystelit kwi ukufuduka ukutyibilika ngamaplanga, leyo enze umsebenzi kwisakhiwo inkxaso imiqadi. Ufakelo lwenziwa phezu kweendonga, lo gama phakathi imiqadi kufuneka ukuba babeke iibhloko vuphukuphuku. Okulandelayo, ukudala isakhelo yomelezwa kunye uzaliswe ngodaka lwesamente. ubisi eziphathekayo uqala ukungena pores iibhloko ze zenze isakhiwo efunekayo ngemiqadi zesinyithi nomgodi izinto. Uphahla ezinjalo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho mihla, ekuthi ngawo kwakhiwa izindlu. Ingakumbi, zinika amandla, soundproofing nokuqina kwayo, ngoxa engaxabisi ngendlela isixhobo zidlulela.

Ukulungiswa kunye Ukuqinisa ukudibana

Kulo mzekelo, umsebenzi ukulungisa kubandakanya ukutshintshwa okanye ukomeleza ngamaqhekeza idlulela ngamnye. Types ezilala, ngokusekelwe imiqadi ukuba ime ngakumbi izakhono zobugcisa ubume inzuzo. Umsebenzi luqala amanqwanqwa obandayo, nto leyo ke senza exhasa. Ukomeleza imiqadi yeplanga idla ngokubandakanya ukutshintshwa kwe ezinemiqadi echweliweyo yemisedare phezu analogue kunye necandelo elikhulu emnqamlezweni okanye ukunyusa inani labo. Imfuno ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo ufakelo lwesamente, njengoko umthetho, kuvela kwathabathela embonakalweni irusi. Ngeenxa zonke izilonda yagqampa yaya eziphathekayo, emva koko ivelufa azabi yepeyinti Ipeyinti anticorrosive. Kulandele zokubuyiselwa kwimo yangaphambili ukudibana.