Iglu labefundisi: ngoobani kunye nesicelo

Clay waba iqabane ubomi bomntu ixesha elide. Le ngcina yokuqala, ngokutsho zakudala, kwabonakala iminyaka 9500 BC. Yakhe walungisa ezivela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo koqoqobo kwesilwanyana. Bone kunye imicu, isikali intlanzi, kunye nentlaka zendalo baba macandelo aphambili mass ngcina. iglu Abefundisi yaba yeyona ixhaphakileyo, njengoko isetyenziswa yi abemi ukuqala kuncinci ukuya ku- nkulu.

glue ukudala

A isiphuzo izinto zendalo kunye inkunkuma yezilwanyana isetyenziswa izinyanya zethu kwinkulungwane yama-20.

Xa inzululwazi baqala ukuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza, abantu baye kwandisa ulwazi malunga nomgangatho neempawu zezixhobo zingangeni, yaqala ukubonakala kumacandelo enziweyo ukwenza iglu. Eyokuqala abafumana igunya kokusungulwa glu waba Himik Leo Bakelanda. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1901. Kwaye ngo 1909 yena amalungelo abenzi waqala kakhulu ukuvelisa neglu phenol-formaldehyde ukuba conductivity. iglu njengomfundisi uvele banesifo kade - 40 ekuqaleni ngayo kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

Ke kaloku, ukuba ukwenziwa kulu asebenzisa izixhobo ophezulu-zobugcisa. Inkqubo ezenzekelayo ngaphezulu. Kwiplanti ikhoyo enze inkqubo yonke, ukususela imveliso ukuya iileyibhile igutyana kwi kwileyibhile yakhe.

Le market yanamhlanje

Nyaka ngamnye, ishishini yemichiza uvelisa ngaphezu kwezigidi 100 upakisho glue yephepha.

Sales turnover yonyaka uthelekelelwa kungekho ngaphantsi kwe $ 10 million. Abavelisi bathi imfuno glue njengomfundisi ayikhuli, kodwa uzinzile. Ukutshintsha uhlobo apho imveliso luyakhuthazwa. Kukho iindidi ezintsha lweepensile, izitikha kunye iiteyiphu ezineempawu eliphezulu enamathelayo. Eyona ezininzi iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu eziveliswa kumazwe afana: South Korea, eRashiya, Malaysia kunye Germany.

injongo ngcina

Eyona njongo yayo nayiphi arhente enamathelayo - ukudityaniswa imiphezulu ezimbini. Ahluke kumafa nenjongo. Zinelungelo ivumba ezahlukeneyo, umbala, ukuba iyoma kwaye non-omisa. Zokubhala ngcina esetyenziselwa kuncanyatheliswe iphepha paperboard loxinano ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona oku kusetyenziselwa iinjongo zasekhaya.

uphawu enamathelayo ofisi:

• Omiswe.
• Iqabaka ezingatshiyo.
• Ngaphaya okanye ezimhlophe.
• Kusenokuba ulwelo okuqinileyo.

Umenzi kufuneka afumane isatifikethi umgangatho kwi-ofisi glue. Le yokuqamba ukuvavanyelwa zinetyhefu nokuhambelana neemfuno zokusingqongileyo.

Types of glue iphepha

Sikwi uhlobo engamanzi: silicate kunye iglu PVA ofisi.

Iimpawu glue silicate uvumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Igama yesibini - negilasi ulwelo. Lusetyenziswa kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Kuba iphepha akukho lula, oko kuthe kwaqhenqetha kakhulu. Kumashumi eminyaka yakutshanje, isetyenziswa alufane.

neglu zoomabhalana iglu PVA ngokulula iphepha, ikhadibhodi, amaphepha. Ifunwa kakhulu anayo, ukuba viscous ngakumbi, nto leyo evumela isicelo ukulawula ekusasazweni kwayo.

Ukubunjwa iglu zokubhala

Silicate ukwakheka zokubhala ingcina ethe ichazwa igama layo, ngoku esetyenziswa kakhulu ukwakhiwa. ezona zinto zibalulekileyo Its: a silicate, polysilicates of lithium, sodium kunye potassium. Kwenzeka kuphela kwifom engamanzi.

Abefundisi iglu PVA has a okotshiweyo: acetate Polyvinyl. Lo isisombululo zolwelo ukwimo kongezwe a plasticizer kunye nezongezelelo uguqulo kancincane. Ukongeza, kukho i-ofisi glue esiqinileyo. nokubunjwa kwayo ingahluka into esisiseko. Oku kunokuba acetate Polyvinyl (PVA) okanye polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). PVA iglu unokuba brand eziliqela ezichaza amandla alo;

1. Universal;

2. Super Extra.

Kusetyenziswa i-ofisi kufuneka kwibanga lokuqala. Super Extra ingasetyenziswa xa kusenziwa ifanitshala kunye nolwakhiwo.

Iifomu nokhunye

iglu kwabefundisi kuthengiswa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokufaka. Le ngcina ulwelo lupakishwa iibhotile ezohlukeneyo ngobukhulu. Umahluko eziphambili - luhlobo lwe ityhubhu kunye cap.

Super - cap elimxinwa, laphela, ukhulule isiciko. Iglu lisetyenziswa kumphezulu esebenzisa ikepusi.

Cap - brush isetyenziswa kakhulu zeebhotile kulu silicate.

Kuyinto elula ukuba usebenzise indlela efanayo ulwelo iglu.

Cap - idada ukhumbula kuphela elikhulu super-cap sele lokuvula ngokubanzi.

Clay - zokubhala ipensile ngoku yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Nguye elula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Isicelo lula, alaqhenqetha, yokuba ngokoqoqosho, uye iipropati emihle enamathelayo.

Ezitshizi enamathelayo - uhlobo olutsha kulu bephepha, esiza odibanisa iinkuni, isiponji netyhidiweyo.

Ukusebenzisa iglu iphepha ekhaya

Abantu ukufumana iindlela basebaninzi ukusebenzisa ofisi glue. Ukucacisa ukuvumela ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Esilandelayo indlela usenako usebenzise iglu silicate okanye PVA glue.

Silicate iglu okanye amanzi iglasi - into leyo asetyenziswe ekwakheni. Eyona njongo lokusetyenziswa - zingangenwa ngamanzi.

Ezahlukeneyo usebenzisa iglu silicate.

• Idityaniswa kulo ngepeyinti for olungaphambili. Udlulisela ukuxhathisa.
• Unyango iindonga nemigangatho kwigumbi lokuhlambela ngenxa yokuvalwa.
• Isetyenziswa amanzi iziseko.
• Ukongezelela kukungciba kunye eziphathekayo ukuze bafumane izisombululo entsha kraca.
• Sebenzisa ukuba ukwenziwa putty ezizodwa apho imibhobho yamanzi abangenagama.
• Ilaphu buzane uya kuba okunamandla zokhuselo.
• Begadi ngayo zokuthena amatyholo indawo nokukhusela nxamnye iintsholongwane eziyingozi.
• Bebugubungele ubuso lokukhuselwa sesichengeni ukuya yelanga.
• Osetyenziselwa ukuhlamba izitya ezimdaka kunye ngeepani.

Iresiphi sokususwa coke ukusuka ngeepani usebenzisa iglu silicate.

Ngale ndlela, esetyenziswa yi oomakhulu zethu kwaye kakhulu-ogogo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba isitya yesinyithi okanye ipani enkulu. Kulo a kugalela ityhubhu silicate ngcina. Ukongeza yonke ipani isiciko. Umthamo ukubeka phezu komlilo uphekele. Ngokungummangaliso, kunye izitya ungasuki zonke iidipozithi carbon. Ngemva kokuba zonke izinto kufuneka ngocoselelo yoxukuxwa phantsi kwamanzi abalekayo. Kukho iresiphi efanayo kongezwe isepha kunye nesoda nothuthu.

PVA iglu yaziwa kakuhle abakhi, abenzi ifanitshala.

Ezahlukeneyo usebenzisa PVA iglu.

• Isetyenziswa xa babehlangene nempahla.
• izihlalo kakuhle ekhaphethini phantsi.
• Ethembekileyo xa ukulungisa ilinoliyam.
• Esetyenziselwa kuncanyatheliswe iithayile.
• Iza kuba luncedo ngokuncamathisela lodonga.
• Ifakwe kwi primer kanye isikhombisi kwi neepeyinti ngamanzi-based.

PVA iglu iye yaphinda yathandwa ngenxa non-zinetyhefu, umlilo, amandla ayo aphezulu nisondelelane kunye usebenziso olulula. Baya glue iphepha, ngethwathwa, iglasi, ilaphu, iplastiki, intsimbi.