Imigangatho Lokuqinisekisa. Federal Agency on Olawula Technical and Metrology

ulawulo State of the nesicelo kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo - into ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwamashisini kunye nenzululwazi. Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki eRashiya ibandakanyeka kwisebe eyahlukileyo - Rosstandart. Ngokukodwa, ngaphakathi kwayo ubuchule - iiyunithi imigangatho ubungqina. Yintoni ubuntu babo? Yintoni imigangatho inkqubo ethile zesiqinisekiso?

Zeziphi imilinganiselo leeyunithi?

Okokuqala, cinga uthotho mfundo kwisihloko eso. Ngaphambi kokuba amisele ukuba yintoni na imigangatho isatifikethi, sihlolisisa ubuntu babo. Kuba oku siphendu- sezibonelelo ummiselo ezikhethekileyo - inombolo Resolution RF Urhulumente 734, esamkelwa 23.09.2010 ngonyaka.

Kulo ingqiqo kwemvelaphi amalungelo reference kuchaziwe kumxholo indlela esisetyenzisiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka isicelo nawuphi iiyunithi zemilinganiselo eyamkelweyo ukufezekisa umanyano imilinganiselo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa.

imigangatho isakhiwo

Ukubunjwa etalons kungaquka izixhobo ezahlukeneyo izixhobo zokulinganisela asetyenziswa kwi ukudlalwa units ubungakanani, ukuphunyezwa nokugcinwa kwabo, usulelo.

Ubume reference nayo izixhobo ababekho apho izakhiwo abanobuchule uyakwazi ukulawula phezu ukuphunyezwa iimfuno zicwangciswa ngokunxulumene imiqathango ukusetyenziswa kunye nemigangatho. Ukongeza, ezi zibonelelo nga kuxhaswa ulwazi kunye nezibonelelo computing, izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo nezakhiwo - ukuba kuyimfuneko ngokwemiqathango kokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemigangatho njengesixhobo ukuqinisekisa imilinganiselo echanekileyo.

Inombolo Isigqibo 734 ibonisa ukuba umzimba engundoqo elawula Ukubolekisa izixhobo zokulinganisela, - oko Rosstandart ukuba ubume arhente federal. odolo Yahlula-arhente:

- ithi amagama kwemigangatho ezahlukeneyo;

- unikela amanani kwezinye yokulinganisa;

- qinisekisa imigangatho isakhiwo;

- ichaza iimfuno metrological nelobugcisa ukuze izixhobo zokulinganisa;

- useka imithetho umxholo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemigangatho;

- umisela yokulinganisa izithuba kuthetha izitifiketi.

Ukongeza kweli nqaku siza kukhangela imisebenzi ethile Rosstandart ngaphezulu. Kodwa ngoku - kwimigangatho iziqinisekiso. Okokuqala, cinga zigaba yayo engundoqo.

Amanqanaba kwemigangatho yoqinisekiso

Ngenxa yoko, imilinganiselo ukuqinisekisa izixa ezahlukeneyo leeyunithi ngokungqinelana nomthetho Russian yenziwa ngokwezigaba eziliqela. Yintoni Okukodwa wabo?

umnini reference lokuqala liyazi iziqinisekiso zabo kokuqala. Njengenxenye yakhe kufuneka ilungise la maxwebhu alandelayo:

- kuthetha ukuba yalinganisa ipaspoti;

- imithetho imixholo, kwakunye isicelo asemgangathweni, nto leyo iba icandelo le nkqubo yayo kwezatifiketi;

- ISatifikethi sokuNgqinisisa, kwakunye standard iziqinisekiso.

Inqanaba elilandelayo - ukugqithiselwa e Rosstandart isicelo esikhethekileyo imvume ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ephambili, ngokunjalo nghena idatha njengokubhekisa Federal Fund. Lo mthombo nto ke ixhaswa amagumbi ezibonisa ulwazi kuzo zonke kwemigangatho eqinisekisiweyo. izicelo ezifanelekileyo zingangeniswa-elektroniki.

Ukuze ukuqinisekisa ulwazi kubonakala isicelo umnini Rosstandart kufuneka athumele ireferensi amaxwebhu kuhlolwe oontangandini. Ukuba ibonisa iziphumo ezihle, ke Rosstandart ikhupha umyalelo ekuvunyweni ngemigangatho ecetywayo. Esi senzo esemthethweni uba isiseko ukungena koko data ye njengokubhekisa Federal Fund.

Koko umnini imigangatho ngamaxesha zesiqinisekiso. On imiphumela yayo kuya kufuneka ukuba azise Rosstandart. Ukuba le okanye neminye imigangatho azifikelelwanga eziqinisekiswe, ulwazi malunga nayo kwakhona zigqithiselwe kwi-Ofisi. Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo malunga nemigangatho nkalongoko Rosreestr yenza izilungiso eziyimfuneko kwi rejista ye-Federal Fund. Ngoku makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha indlela isatifikethi nemigangatho ikhutshwa phandle.

Okokuqala, kuya kuba umdla ukuhlola bokuqonda ezingundoqo inkqubo yolawulo.

Nokuqiniselwa kwemigangatho: ummiselo olumisiweyo

Lo mthetho Russian evunywe imithombo eziliqela umthetho olawula indlela apho isatifikethi nemigangatho ikhutshwa phandle. Umzekelo omnye imimiselo engundoqo kule ndawo - Rosstandart Order nombolo 36, eyayikhutshelwe kwi 22.01.2014 ngonyaka. Lo mmiselo yaphuhliswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphunyezwa RF kaRhulumente Ndiwise № 734. Amagunya Order inombolo 36 libhekisela amaqumrhu asemthethweni kwaye ngamnye osomashishini basebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo imilinganiselo, efana naleyo yayisetyenziswa ngo kummandla wolawulo karhulumente le efanayo ngokwemilinganiso.

Le Mbasa № 36 kunye nembono ingqalelo imiqathango sphere alandelayo eziphambili zokulawula:

- "imigangatho yesizwe leeyunithi komlinganiselo" njengoko izinto olungqamelanayo kwi ngobume impahla federal;

- "unit inani" njengendlela iindlela zobugcisa esetyenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo izinto.

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha oko izibonelelo ezingundoqo ebandakanya Rosstandart uMyalelo inombolo 36.

Inombolo Order 36: General

In "kwiphepha leMimiselo Jikelele" amalungelo esihambelanayo emthonjeni othile ekuqulunqeni, njengoko apho ubume imigangatho yesizwe ukuba isetyenziswe kummandla wolawulo yomlinganiselo ufano inokuba izinto zomlinganiselo kuthetha wenza eRashiya nakumazwe aphesheya, ngaphandle kokuba:

- iimpawu metrological;

- namakhono zobugcisa ezifunekayo;

- imithetho ulondolozo kunye nokusetyenziswa;

- esekwe ngokuma phakathi izitifiketi.

Kule okanye ukuba isixhobo sokulinganisa iye yaqinisekisa nazo zihlelwe gosetalon - imigangatho isiqinisekiso kule meko kubandakanya ukufumana ulwazi malunga isakhiwo abanobuchule izinto ekulinganisweni kuzo.

Ngokungqinelana uMyalelo № 36, lekhefu phakathi izitifiketi ngokubanzi ingqinelana lisezantsi. Imisa zayo ezithile umyalelo ukuqinisekiswa izixhobo yokulinganisa.

Ngqo imigangatho imvume, kwakunye hlengiso idatha yazo kwiirejista karhulumente Woyahlulela igunya. Oko kukuthi, i-Arhente Federal for UMmiselo Technical kunye Metrology. Isiseko lokuphunyezwa imicimbi na ulwalathiso isicelo isiphathamandla esinegunya ukusuka kumnini isampuli le. Ngapha koko, kusenokuba ubuchule efanelekileyo. Kulapha kule meko yenziwe ukwenzela ukujonga ukuthotyelwa umgamgatho, eyayibanjelwe ngendlela emisiweyo isatifikethi, iimfuno ngokoMthetho:

- kuphelele;

- umgangatho amaxwebhu zoyilo olwenziwa yi-sicelo;

- ukuthembeka kolwazi, ziboniswe kwi sicelo.

Ukukhangela le ikhithi ngumbutho ekhethekileyo imithombo iimviwo status yomsebenzisi. Kwezinye iimeko, isisombululo sale ngxaki edityaniswe Metrology Institute. Emva kweziphumo zoviwo ziya kwenziwa imbono malunga nokuba ngaba oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kubandakanye imigangatho, lwabaNiki, ukuze Rosstandart malunga intshayelelo zabo.

certification primary

Ngoku sifunde indlela apho imithetho Russian Federation, ngokukodwa kwinqanaba kwamagatya phantsi ingqalelo somthetho ngokusemthethweni, wenziwe ngqo ngemilinganiselo iziqinisekiso. Ekuqaleni yena wenza, njengoko sele sibonile ngentla apha, inqanaba unxibelelwano lokuqala. Kweli nqanaba, umnini kwemigangatho kakhulu andise:

- passport ezizodwa;

- imithetho esisezantsi ukusetyenziswa, apho kukho icandelo kuvavanyo yayo ezithile.

An caveat ebalulekileyo: imigaqo kufuneka babe namatyala ezinikwe ngumthetho, yabonisa bubuchule, njengako ekufuneka yenziwe checking and umlinganiselo kwimibhobho izixhobo yokulinganisa. Imithetho le iqela iqulunqwe ngokwesicelo umnini Institute of leMitroloji.

Form, ekufuneka yenziwe yokundwendwela kunye nemigaqo kucetyiswa Rosstandart. Imiyalelo enikwe isebe, ukuze ngaloo ndlela ziqulathe iifomu ezifunekayo. Ngenxa yoko, indlela yokwenza ngokwendlela ekufuneka yenziwe isatifikethi eqhelekileyo, kufuneka zimelane neemfuno ezithile. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukubonakalisa ulwazi:

- yeenkqubo, leyo ziyaphunyezwa njengenxalenye isiqinisekiso;

- kufuneka wenziwe ngayo zokuqinisekisa umlinganiselo kwimibhobho kwezixhobo zokulinganisa;

- malunga nemithetho phantsi apho iimpawu metrological zigqitywa umgangatho, yaye kwakhona kwenziwe uvavanyo yokuthobela yalo kunye neenqobo ezithile echazwe emyalelweni;

- iimfuno zesicelo kwemithetho umgangatho.

Yakuba amaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze isatifikethi sokuqala, bayilungisa, wenziwe ukuqinisekiswa okanye ekulinganisweni umgangatho. ukuziphatha kwalo Institute of Metrology, ubume onobuchule karhulumente kwinqanaba lengingqi okanye umbutho ovunyiweyo okanye entrepreneur ngamnye.

Emva Ukuphunyezwa kwale nkqubo yamaqondo isiqinisekiso isiqinisekiso ebonisa ukuba yenziwa ngokomfuziselo lusekiwe. Ukuba oluqhelekileyo ukukala, into yokuba siyafana kudidi oluthile, zixhaswa amabanjwa ngamnye. Isiqinisekiso yongqanianiso yoBume uthi Rosstandart. IMbasa ye-UMphathiswa kwakhona ukuseka iintlobo amaxwebhu afanelekileyo.

isiqinisekiso lokuqala: mngeni umnikazi eqhelekileyo

imisebenzi ethile kule meko ebekelwa umnini yereferensi. Ngoko ke, kulindeleke ukuba iza kuvavanya ukuthobela yayo iimfuno zobugcisa kwakunye iimpawu ekuya kubonwa ngazo umxholo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo yokulinganisa. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lokuthotyelwa iya kuba HIV, kunye nesiqinisekiso yongqanianiso esikhutshwe ngokuchanekileyo, i-satifikethi sikhutshwa eqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho ubungqina. Kulo mzekelo, isixhobo esifanelekileyo somlinganiselo ifumana inombolo yobhaliso.

Le elandelayo standard Umsebenzi holder - ukukhupha isicelo esikhethekileyo imvume izixhobo zokulinganisa, eyayibanjelwe kuvavanyo lokuqala. Olu xwebhu ithunyelwe kwi-Arhente Federal for UMmiselo zobuGcisa Metrology.

Injalo ingakumbi zemigangatho eziphambili zesiqinisekiso. Kodwa kukho izinto ezithile. Enyanisweni, lo nokuqiniselwa kwemigangatho zokusebenza. Cinga iimpawu zayo zolwimi ngokunabileyo.

Amanqaku imigangatho recertification

Le ndlela idlula le nkqubo kwakhona likwamisela Rosstandart. izixhobo zokulinganisa - into yommiselo, leyo kwisakhono lwesebe kwaye ngokunjalo nomba yovavanyo ngamaxesha athile.

Njengenxalenye yale nkqubo kulo mbuzo, inokuba kwakhona kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa okanye umgangatho Ukulinganiswa. Kulo mzekelo indima ephambili apha kwakhona udlalwa nge ngumnini. Ukuqinisekisa okanye ekulinganisweni, kunye nohlolo lothotyelo womlinganiselo kuthetha ente ireferensi isibonelo umnini eba migangatho iphezulu criteria ukuchana karhulumente. Kulo mzekelo, umnini asemgangathweni kufuneka aqinisekiswe yengqibelelo.

Kwezinye iimeko indlela, awathi certification ngamaxesha inokunikwa umgangatho inkampani kumnini, nto leyo elenza umlinganiselo kwimibhobho izixhobo yokulinganisa.

Ukuba iziphumo ukuhlola izinto ezihle, ke ngoko umnini-reference, esibonakala ichanile aphezulu ngokungqinelana ne kwigridi esekwe inika isiqinisekiso umnini kuthetha yokulinganisa, zincediswa yi-protocol. Ifom wesiqinisekiso kwakhona likwamisela Rosstandart. izixhobo zokulinganisela, zombini ummiselo yowiso yenjongosenzi, kule meko kuba kwisakhono yesebe.

Njengenxalenye yale abanini imigangatho yovavanyo ngamaxesha enze kwakhona ngaphandle uhlolo yokuthobela zawo neemfuno zobuchwepheshe kunye neenqobo kokuqulethweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa ekufuneka ziboniswe kwi nemithetho yokusetyenziswa izixhobo zokulinganisa, kwakunye nezixhobo yokuxhaphaza. Ukuba iziphumo zolu vandlakanyo ziza ilunge - oko kukhutshwa izatifikethi ezingqina ukuba umgangatho iziqinisekiso.

Ngoko ke iindlela ezifanelekileyo yokulinganisa umnini uya kungena iinkcukacha malunga neziphumo yamaxwebhu kwa ngamaxesha ukuze zisetyenziswe. Emva olu lwazi wadlulisela afanele amaqumrhu karhulumente ngenjongo ukubandakanywa kwiRejista ye Federal Fund.

Ukuba kufumaniseke ukuba umgangatho engahambelaniyo loo mzekelo, ngenxa yamaqondo yalo, kananjalo xa ukungaphumeleli iintanda ehambelana kuthetha umlinganiselo, umnini ireferensi ngokuchanileyo eliphezulu sithumela umnini isaziso ekhethekileyo Asinakusebenziseka umgangatho ngenxa yokusilela ukuze uqinisekise okanye ngenxa nakwenzeka ekulinganisweni yayo. Ikopi umthombo ukuba idluliselwe kwi Rosstandart. imigangatho Ukuqinisekiswa kubandakanya, njengoko sele uyazi, ukudluliselwa kolwazi ngabo mali yase. Cinga iimpawu zale nkqubo zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Ukutshintshelwa ulwazi malunga kubhekiswa Federal Fund

Ulwazi malunga benchmarks ibisoloko ngokomyalelo oxelwe mthetho, evunyiweyo, wegqitha-mali Rosstandart echaphazelekayo. Ukulungiselela le njongo zisetyenziswa ubuncwane umqhubi kweenkqubo zolawulo xwebhu ngekhompyutha. ulwazi Kwakhona kusetyenziswa enikezelwa-sicelo ifom emiselweyo, ngaphandle ukuba zingqinwa iziphumo zeemviwo.

Ingcaciso ebhalwe kule rejista ye Fund anokuhlenga ngokuhamba kwexesha - okoko nje loo ulwazi malunga iimpawu metrological esixhobo yokulinganisa zitshintshiwe. Ngenxa yoko, umnini reference linyanzelekile ukuba ukuthumela isaziso Rosstandart kwifomu emiselweyo yeenguqu kubume idatha iindlela zobugcisa, ukuba:

- utshintsho ngumnini;

- uhlengahlengiso zenziwa iindlela zobugcisa, nokuba nemithetho isicelo yokundwendwela yayo;

- kubekho utshintsho ekhefu phakathi izitifiketi.

Isaziso ehambelana zingahlonyelelwa xa amanye amaxwebhu ayimfuneko ezifakwe ngezo okanye ezinye utshintsho.

Imithombo ejolise Rosstandart, isebe ukufunda, emva koko iingcali zakhe wakhupha umyalelo kwi utshintsho rejista ye-Federal Fund. Ulwazi malunga itemplates ezahlukeneyo ibekwe ngendlela esekwe kwi Fund. Bangakwazi isuswe emva kweminyaka emi-5 emva kokufumana isaziso ukuba ukusebenza izixhobo lokulinganisa wayeka.

Kwimeko apho Rosstandart uza kunikwa ulwazi eziphosakeleyo ngala okanye enye reference, ikhangelwe ulwazi langoku kwiirejista ye Federal Fund. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba isiphoso okunene kukuthi, zilungiswa kungekudala.

Indlela e apho imigangatho yeeyunithi eziphathekayo eziqinisekisiweyo, kwakunye nendlela baqhuba accounting kulawula Rosstandart. I-arhente kwakhona, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, uwugcinayo iinkqubo zokwenza-mthetho efunekayo ngokuthi unike ingakumbi kwi iimilo ezahlukeneyo ukuhamba nasebenza imigangatho abanini kunye namanye amaqumrhu asemthethweni entsimini yokulinganisa izixhobo ingeniso. Iza kuba luncedo ukuhlolisisa ngokweenkcukacha ezininzi iimpawu ze Rosstandart.

Rosstandart njengomsebénzi komlawuli somxholo lomlinganiselo ingeniso

I-arhente ibe status arhente federal. Kuyinto ilawulwe Industry and zorhwebo Russian Federation. Phakathi izinto eziphambili kumgaqo phakathi kobuchule lixakathiswe Rosstandart - imigangatho (ngakumbi, iziqinisekiso zabo), kodwa hayi kuphela. I-arhente likwanoxanduva eziliqela nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo. Ingakumbi, le ubuchule Rosstandart ngu:

- zolawulo iinkqubo ezinxulumene nokuqaliswa kwimimiselo yobuchwepheshe - kubandakanywa nabo elisekwe izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe le-Russian Federation;

- Ukuhlolisisa ezi iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo yemigangatho kazwelonke;

- esweni kweliso yemisebenzi kumaqumrhu awohlukeneyo ezoqoqosho ngokubhekiselele ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa iimveliso zabo neemfuno kunye nemimiselo;

- Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kweenkonzo ezahlukeneyo zoluntu - semetroloji, ixesha, rhoqo, iinkcukacha reference kwi eziphathekayo, ukwakhiwa iisampuli kwezinto kunye nezinto.

Kwakhona, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, Rosstandart onoxanduva ekugcinweni Federal Fund iirejista, nto leyo ebonisa iinkcukacha malunga nokuba yintoni na nemigangatho kwimetroloji eqinisekisiweyo, nguwuphi na kubo oya kuba phantsi izifundo engaphezulu nokuthobela iimfuno zomthetho, kwakunye uhlengahlengiso yeembali abo okanye enye umlinganiselo izixhobo.