Imibuzo Cognitive kwi imithetho yendlela

Ukukhuseleko kwendlela yinto engxamisekileyo kakhulu namhlanje, njengoko ngamnye wethu ubhekene nosuku olufunekayo ukuba abe kwisitalato. Isizathu esibalulekileyo senzeke kwinani elikhulu lezingozi, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukufa ezindleleni, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwinani lezithuthi, isivinini sokuhamba kwayo. Abaninzi abakwaziyo imigaqo yokuziphatha endleleni. Ukumangalisa ukungaxanduva lwabasebenzisi beendlela malunga nabo kunye nabanye.

Ngoko unokuyichaphazela njani imeko? Impendulo yinye-ukuphakamisa izinga lolwazi lwabaqhubi nabahamba ngeenyawo, eziza kuphephelela ukunyanzela ukuphakama kwamanzi endleleni kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo ngexesha lomngcipheko.

Inkcubeko yokuziphatha kwabantwana kwindlela iyinkqubo yokutshisa eyahlukileyo. Kulo mbandela, ngokuqinisekileyo, iphuzu lokuqala ngumzekelo kwintsapho kunye nokulawulwa ngabantu abadala.

Imfundo yezemoto ayifanele iqale esikolweni. Abazali bafanele bathethe ngale nto kunye nabantwana ngokusesikolweni. Imigaqo eyisiseko-isithuthi esitalato, imigaqo yenguqu yayo, ulwazi oluqhelekileyo lweempawu zendlela, ukuziphatha kwabagibeli kwizothutho - kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwintsapho. Yaye malunga nendlela abazali abaphatha ngayo ngokukhuselekileyo ukhuseleko lwabantwana babo kwaye baqwalasele le micimbi ekhaya, ngamanye amaxesha ubomi bomntwana buxhomekeke.

Ngaphandle kwentsapho, isikolo sinendima ehamba phambili ekufundiseni imigaqo yokuziphatha endleleni eya kubafundi besikolo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweifom zokufundisa xa ufundisa abantwana imithetho yemigaqo ayimkelekanga. Ukufaniswa kolwazi kwifom edlalayo yindlela elula yokwazi ihlabathi elikusijikelezayo, eliya kuvumela ukuba nolwazi olungabonakaliyo lwabantwana kunye nokulungisa imiba engundoqo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha kwisitalato.

Imibuzo eqhutywe ngemithetho yendlela iyanceda ukuququzelela ulwazi, ukwandisa izinga loxanduva, uhlobo lweemeko ezithile zobomi. Oku kuya kuphucula ngakumbi ukhuseleko lwabantwana ezindleleni.

Indlela efanelekileyo yokufundisa abantwana ukuziphatha kwindlela ingaba nemibuzo "Iingcali zendlela zendlela." Abafana baya kunika iimpendulo zabo ngokuzonwabisa. Ukhuphiswano kufuneka kuthathe umvuzo wokukhuthaza.

Imithetho yokuziphatha endleleni

Imibuzo kwi-SDA yabantwana besikolo kufuneka ifake iingcamango ezizinzile kule ndawo. Yiyiphi intsingiselo yomgaqo wemigaqo yendlela kunye nokufuneka kwabo? Imithetho yokuziphatha endleleni - ngumyalelo wezenzo zabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bezenzo. Ukunganakwa kweziganeko ezingundoqo kubangela izingozi zendlela, ukulimala nokufa.

Wonke umntu kufuneka azi iimpendulo kule mibuzo elandelayo:

• Ziziphi iindawo eziphambili zemithetho yendlela? Imbopheleleko kunye namalungelo abagibeli, abahamba ngeenyawo kunye nabaqhubi, iimfuno zabaqhubi, ukukhawuleza kokunyakaza, imithetho yokugqithisa. Kwakhona, umgaqo wendlela , ukumisa, ukupakisha, iimpawu zendlela, ukumakishwa kwendlela kufuneka kufundwe.

• Yiyiphi intlangano yezithuthi ezifakwe kwintsimi yaseSoviet Union? Isithuthi sokuhamba ngezithuthi.

• Ngaliphi icala kwicala elifihliweyo? Ukugqithisa kwenziwa ngokusekhohlo.

Imibuzo ecetywayo kwi-SDA yabantwana besikolo ishukumisa isidingo sokufunda imigaqo yokuziphatha kwabafundi.

Abathathi-nxaxheba bezithuthi zendlela. Yintoni efunekayo kumntwana?

Imibuzo yomthetho weendlela zeso sikolo kufuneka ifake isimo sengqondo esinoxanduva kumalungelo kunye neembopheleleko zabasebenzisi basendleleni.

Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba bonke banamalungelo kunye neemfanelo zabo. Kwaye ukuba umntu ojongene noxanduva lwakhe uya kuthobela imithetho, ulondolozo jikelele luya kuxhomekeka.

Imibuzo enjalo inokuthi:

• Qamba igama labasebenzisi beendlela (bonke abantu basebenzisa iindlela: abahamba ngeenyawo, abaqhubi, abagibeli, abagibeli).

• Yithi imisebenzi ehamba phambili yabahamba ngeenyawo (ukuhamba kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo ngokukhethekileyo: iindlela zokuhamba, iindlela zokuhamba, ukuhamba komhlaba kunye nokuhamba ngaphantsi komhlaba, ukuguqulwa kwezixhobo zendlela).

• Yenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yabaqhubi (ukufumaneka kwamaxwebhu aqinisekisa ilungelo lokuqhuba, imeko yesithuthi, ukucoceka kwendlela, ukwazisa iinkonzo ezifanelekileyo malunga neengxaki ezindleleni, isimo sengqondo esiphezulu kwimpilo yabanye).

• Yibani imisebenzi esemqoka yabagibeli (ukufika nokuhlahla kwiibhasi, ukubeka iibhanti kwiimoto).

• Yimiphi imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yabaqhubi beebhayisikili (ukuthuthwa kweempahla ezingabi sisisongelo kwizithuthi, zibambe kwivili lebhayisiki kwaye ungasusa iinyawo ukusuka kwizithuthi).

Ukhuseleko lomgwaqo

Imibuzo kwi "traffic traffic" kufuneka ihlawule ngokukodwa ukhuseleko lwayo.

Ukuziphatha kakuhle kwiendlela kuthatha uxanduva loxanduva kunye nokunyamekela kwabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba. Imibuzo yokhuseleko lomgwaqo iya kunceda ukufundisa abantwana ukuba baphephe iimeko ezibucayi kwisitalato.

Imibuzo ingaba:

• Ziziphi izizathu ezenza ukuba abahamba ngeenyawo bangakwazi ukuhamba endleleni. (Kuphela ukuhamba kwezothutho endleleni).
• Kuphi umqondiso wesithuthi onokuwela umgwaqo? (Abahamba ngeenyawo bewela isitalato ukuya ekukhanyeni kwezithuthi).
• Umntu ohamba ngeenyawo uyazi njani ukuba isithuthi siceba ukujika? (Umqhubi wesithuthi kufuneka aphendule isalathisi solawulo kwinqununu efunwayo).
• Imithetho yokuwela isitalato ngeendlela ezimbini zokuhamba. (Umhambi kufuneka ajonge ngakwesobunxele ngaphambi kokuba awele, qiniseka ukuba akukho zimoto, uye phakathi kwendlela, apho ukhangele khona ngasekunene, qiniseka ukuba akukho zimoto, kwaye uzalise i-traffic).
• Ukuwela indlela ecaleni kweemoto ezimileyo. (Unokuwela umgwaqo kwiindawo ezingenammiselo kwimbono.) Awukwazi ukuwela indlela eduze kweemoto ezimileyo).

Ukuhamba ngezithuthi

Enye i-SDA yemibuzo eneempendulo:

1. Ngubani ohamba ngeenyawo? Umntu ohambahambayo ngumntu ohamba ngeenyawo.
2. Ziziphi iindawo ezenzelwe ukuhamba ngeendlela? Ukuhamba kwabahamba ngeenyawo, umzila wendlela, indlela yokuhamba ngeenyawo, ngokungabikho kwendawo yokuhamba ngeenyawo, ukuhamba kwendlela ekuhambeni kwendlela yokuhamba, kunokwenzeka ukuba kwindlela echasene nesithuthi.
3. Kutheni sifuna i-pavement? Ukuhamba kwabahamba ngeenyawo.
4. Yintoni ehambayo? Inxalenye yendlela yokuthutha.
5. Iintlobo zezendlela? Iindlela zihlangene kunye kunye namacala amabini, ngezandla zokhohlo kunye neendlela zokuhamba ngezandla.
6. Imithetho yokuwela abahamba ngezitrato? Umhambi kufuneka awele kwisitrato kwiindawo apho ukukhanya kwesitrato kufakelwe uphawu lokukhanya kwendlela yokuhamba, ngokuhamba ngaphaya, ukuwela ngaphantsi, kunye nomqondiso womlawuli wezithuthi.
7. Yintoni ukukhanya kwendlela? Ukukhanya kwesithuthi kulungiselelwe ukulawula izithuthi kunye nabahamba ngeenyawo.
8. Isibambano si ...? I-intersection yintlupheko yeendlela.

Iinkonzo zothutho

Imibuzo ngesihloko esithi "Iindlela zendlela", ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka zihluke ngokwahlukileyo iintlobo zezithuthi zedolophu, ngokukodwa ukuhamba kwayo, imithetho yokuziphatha kwabagibeli kunye nabaqhubi.

Imibuzo ingaba:

• Ziziphi iintlobo zezithuthi zasezidolophini? Impendulo: umgibeli, umthwalo, okhethekileyo.
• Injongo yothutho lwabagibeli. Zakhe iipasspecies. Impendulo: Uthutho lwabagibeli lusetyenziswe ukuthutha abagibeli. Iinqwelo eziphambili zithuthi ziya kuthiwa imoto, ibhasi, i-trolley, tram, kwendlela engaphantsi.
• Yintoni efunekayo ekuthuthweni kwezithuthi. Zakhe iipasspecies. Impendulo: Uthutho lwezothutho lusetyenziswe ukuthuthwa kwempahla. Iinjongo eziphambili zokuthuthwa kweenqwelo-moya zihamba ngamaloli, iifenjini, ii-tractors, iifriji, izitraki, iilori zokulahla, iipulatifomu.
• Injongo yezithuthi ezizodwa. Zakhe iipasspecies. Impendulo: uthutho olukhethekileyo luthetha ukuthutha okwenza ukuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi yoncedo lwezonyango, ii-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho, abahlanguli kunye neenkonzo zikamasipala. Iipasipecies zothutho ezizodwa ziquka izithuthi zamagosa okuthotyelwa komthetho, ii-ambulensi; Imishini yokususa i-Snow, iimishini zokunisela, izithuthi zempi, iilori zomlilo.

Imibuzo enjalo "Iingcali zendlela yokuhamba kwendlela" ziya kunceda ukuqinisa ulwazi malunga nokuthutha.

Imigaqo yabathathi bezothutho

Isihloko esibalulekileyo kukuqwalaselwa kwemigaqo yokuziphatha kwabagibeli kwizithuthi zikawonkewonke.

Imibuzo kwiimigaqo yendlela yokuziphatha ingabandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ziziphi iindawo zokulinda izithuthi zikawonkewonke. Ukulinda izithuthi zikawonkewonke, iindawo zokuhlalisa zixhotyiswe, ngaphandle kwazo, kwindlela esecaleni kwendlela.
• Imithetho yokubhankanya nokuphahla abagibeli be tram, i-trolleybus, ibhasi. Ukuhamba komhlaba kuqhutyelwa ngeengcango zangemuva, kunye nokungena-kwiiminyango zangaphambili. Iindidi ezikhethiweyo zoluntu zingangena kwiingcango zangaphambili.
• Yiyiphi indlela efunekayo ukuba ubukele umgibeli eshiya i-tram ukuze ahambe ngokukhuselekileyo endleleni? Udinga ukujonga ngakwesokudla ukubona ukuba akukho nanye ithutho.
• Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba umgibeli ashiye izithuthi zikawonke-wonke ukuba azenzele ngaphambili okanye ngasemva? Ukuthutha izithuthi kubungozi ebomini, utshintsho luyakwenzeka kuphela kwindawo eya kusekwa kule njongo.
• Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba umgibeli aphazamise umqhubi wezothutho loluntu ngelixa eqhuba? Kuvinjelwe ngokungqongqo ukuphazamisa umqhubi ngelixa uqhuba.

Road kunye neebhayisikili

Umba ohlukeneyo omele uxoxwe phakathi kwabafundi besikolo kukugcinwa kwemithetho yendlela yokuphatha abantu abaphethe amabhayisiki kunye neepededs, kuba abaninzi bafana balawula enye yezi ndawo.

Imibuzo kwiimigaqo yendlela yokuziphatha ingabandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Umda wabanikazi bama-mopeds kunye neebhasikidi, eziphi na izithuthi eziya kuthi zivunyelwe? (Ukuhamba ngeminyaka eyi-16, iibhasikidi - iminyaka eyi-14).
• Ziziphi iindidi zabagibeli ezinokuthuthwa ngumntu oqhuba i-moped okanye ibhasikidi? (Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka elixhenxe).
• Imithetho yokuhamba emacaleni omendo kunye neendlela zokuhamba zabantu abaqhuba i-moped okanye ibhasikidi? Ukuhamba ngeendlela ezinqumlayo kunye neendlela zokuhamba ezivunyelwe kubantwana kwiibhasikizi zabantwana phantsi kolawulo lwabantu abadala.
• Iimfuneko zokusetyenziswa kweemoto kunye nebhayisikili? Ubukho bokukhanyisa, isalathisi somsindo, светоотражателей (phambi kombala omhlophe, kwicala - elunxwemeni, ngasemva - obomvu), iibhuleki ezinokwenziwa.

Iimpawu zendlela

Iimpawu zezithuthi ziyimifanekiso yeempawu zemoya ezifakwe kwindlela ukuze zinike abasebenzisi bendlela ngolwazi oluthile.

Imibuzo ngemiqondiso yezothutho iya kukuvumela ukuba ukhumbule iindidi eziphambili zeempawu kunye nenentsingiselo yempawu ezisisiseko. Ukhuphiswano lunokuthi lwenzeke kwifomu yemidlalo.

Imibuzo kwiimigaqo yendlela yokuziphatha ingabandakanya le mibuzo:

• Ziziphi iindidi eziphambili zempawu zendlela? Iindidi eziphambili zeempawu zendlela zibandakanya: isilumkiso, isithintelo, imigaqo, i-informational, impawu eziphambili, amanqaku enkonzo, iimpawu zempawu zendlela.
• Ziyintoni na iimpawu zokulumkisa? Izimpawu zempawu zendlela zendlela zibonisa ingozi endleleni kunye nemfuno malunga nokuthatha amanyathelo athile okukhusela. Okokuqala, iimpawu ezinjalo zezithuthi zibandakanya izilumkiso zengqungquthela engahambisani nabangasondelene neendawo ezihlala kuyo, ukubonakala kubantwana endleleni ngenxa yokulungiswa kweziko lamabantwana, icandelo lomgwaqo, isithuthi esilawulwa yizibane zendlela.
• Ziziphi iimpawu zokuthintela izithuthi? Injongo yeempawu zokuthintela ukungena okanye ukukhansela nayiphi na imingcipheko ekuhambeni. Ngokomzekelo, imiqondiso evimbela ukuhamba kwiibhasikidi, iinqwelo (i-sleigh), ukungena, yeka.
• Ziyintoni na iimpawu ezimiselweyo? Imiqondiso enjalo ilawula izikhokelo ezigunyazisiweyo zokuhamba, iimpawu zazo. Imiqondiso enjalo, njengomthetho, iboniswa yimicu emhlophe yendlela eyahlukileyo kwimvelaphi eluhlaza: ukunyakaza kuphela ngakwesokudla, kwesokunxele, kunene, njl.
• Ziyintoni na iimpawu zokufundisa zendlela? Le miqondiso ibonisa iziganeko ezithile zezithuthi. Imiqondiso enjalo iquka: uphawu lokuhamba ngeenyawo, uphawu lokuhamba ngaphantsi komhlaba, indawo yokupaka, umakishi omgama, isiqalo kunye nesiphelo sokuhlala.
• Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili? Kule miqondiso ibonisa ukulandelelana kweendlela ezihamba ngayo endleleni.
• Ziziphi iimpawu zenkonzo? Imiqondiso yenkonzo ikwazisa malunga neziseko ezikufutshane: i-cafe, isibhedlele, indlu yangasese, indawo yokuphumla, ugu lolwandle okanye i-pool yokubhukuda.
• Ukutyunjwa kwamacwecwe kwiimpawu zendlela. Iibhulile zichaze umxholo weempawu, ngaphezu koko zifakwe khona.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu yokufumana ulwazi lwemithetho yendlela ngumdlalo. Sinikela ngeendidi ezininzi zezihloko kulabo abanomdla kumbuzo wezemidlalo kwi-SDA. Abantwana abanjengalesi sihlandlo babonakala banomdla kwaye banengqiqo

Imibuzo yemidlalo "Imithetho yendlela"

Ikhonkco lilandelelaniswa, apho ukhanyiso lwezithuthi eziphuzi lukhanyiswa. Umqhubi wemoto endleleni kwaye inkwenkwe ene ntombazana "kwidiza" iqala ukuhamba. Ngexesha elifanayo inkwenkwe idlala kwifowuni, kwaye intombazana ifunda le ncwadi. Bhala igama leyiphi imithetho yezothutho ephulwa.

"Yisho igama lomqondiso"

Isayina ngasinye sendlela sinalo igama. Ukukhumbula kangcono la magama kumbuzo kwiimpawu zendlela, unokuqhuba umncintiswano wezemidlalo phakathi kwamaqela, onokuwina owamkelwa yiqela, elibiza inani elikhulu leempawu zendlela.

"Ukukhanya kwezithuthi"

Kwizithuthi ukukhanya yonke imibala emithathu. Ukuma obomvu, ukulinda okwephuzi, ukuluhlaza. Umdlalo uquka amaqela amabini aqala ukuhamba ukusuka kwelinye icala "kwendlela" ukuya kwelinye, xa umbala wendlela yokukhanya kwendlela ubizwa ngokuba ngumdala. Iqela elinamalungu amaninzi awalubonisa kakuhle imigaqo yokutshintshela ekukhanyeni kokukhanya kwezithuthi.

"Unako - awukwazi"

Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka ngcamango ngamagama athi "unako", "kungekhona":

Ukugijima endleleni ... .. awukwazi.

Dlulela umgwaqo ukuya ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza kwendlela yokukhanya ... ungakwazi.

Ukugqithisa i-tram ngasemva ... akunakwenzeka.

Awukwazi ukuthutha abantu abadala ngabantu ngebhayisekile ....

Mphazamise umqhubi ngelixa uqhuba .... Akunakwenzeka.

Phambana nomgwaqo onqumla ohamba ngezinyawo ... unako.

Hamba ngeenyawo ze tram .... Akunakwenzeka.

"Iteksi ehlakaniphile"

Umdlalo weqela, osebenzisa i-hulauchup. Emaqela amabini ukhetha umqhubi weteksi "othabatha" abagibeli. I-cabin ye "ukuthutha" yindawo e-hula-shup, ngexesha unokuthutha umgibeli omnye. Iqela liphumelela, umqhubi walo oya kuthwala abagibeli ngokukhawuleza.

Imibuzo ecetywayo yeCPP kubantwana besikolo ayibonakali yonke imiba yemithetho yendlela, kodwa igxininisa kwiingongoma ezibalulekileyo, ngaphandle kolwazi olusemthethweni.