IMF yombhalo. Iinjongo, iinjongo kunye nendima lombutho ehlabathini

IMF (mibhalo - I-International Monetary Fund) wadalwa ngowe-1944, xa kwinkomfa eBretton Woods eUnited States. Injongo yawo ekuqaleni zavakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe ezezimali, ukwanda yorhwebo kunye nokukhula, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwemali, uncedo ngeentlawulo phakathi Ilungu States kunye nokunika izixhobo ukulungisa ukungalingani yohlengahlengiso lwentlawulo. Noko ke, xa kusenziwa, umsebenzi-mali liye lancitshiswa imali-grubbing ukuba liqaqobana (lamazwe kunye nookopolotyeni bezizwe ngezizwe), nto leyo, phakathi kwezinye imibutho, ulawulo, kwaye i-IMF. Ngaba mboleko IMF, okanye IMF (zokucazulula Monetary Fund International), ukuya States abasweleyo? Njengokuba umsebenzi yeNgxowa-kuchaphazela uqoqosho lwehlabathi?

IMF: zokucazulula amagama, imisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi

IMF ufuzisela Monetary Fund International, IMF (ngoonobumba yonke ezama) kwi kwinguqulelo Russian ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Monetary Fund International. Lo mbutho inter-governmental lijolise ekukhuthazeni intsebenziswano ngemali ngokusekelwe yokubonisana yamalungu ayo kwaye babanike mboleko.

Le nto inokumenza iirhafu okuqinileyo ukulingana Foundation. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iLungu States nimisa abo bangento ngegolide US, ngokuvuma ukuba ukutshintsha kuzo ngaphezulu kweshumi pesenti kwi Fund ngaphandle kwemvume yaye baphambuke kule ukulingana ekuphumezeni imisebenzi ngaphezu ekhulwini elinye.

Fund History and Development

Ngowe-1944, xa i-eBretton Woods Conference ngabameli kumazwe mane anesine eUnited States baye bagqiba ukwenza isiseko ofanayo ngentsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho ukuze uphephe ukwehla, imiphumo apho banesifo le-Great Depression, kwakunye ukuze kulungiswe le nkqubo yezemali phakathi kwamazwe emva kwemfazwe. Kunyaka olandelayo, ngokusekelwe ngesiphumo nkomfa zeIMF yasekwa.

I-USSR nayo yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo nkomfa yaye isayinwe uMthetho yokuseka umbutho, kodwa kamva akazange enze izilungiso kuyo, yaye abazange bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi. Kodwa ekupheleni koo, emva yiSoviet Union, Russia kunye namanye amazwe - yangaphambili republic eSoviet wajoyina i-IMF.

Ngo-1999, i-IMF iye kuquka amazwe 182.

ulawulo, isakhiwo kunye nenxaxheba amazwe

Kwekomkhulu UN Imibutho ezizodwa - i-IMF - e Washington. Ibhunga lolawulo i-International Monetary Fund yi iBhodi leeRhuluneli. Oku kuquka irhuluneli nezona kanye enye evela kwilizwe ngalinye ilungu le Fund.

IBhodi Elawulayo iqulathe abalawuli 24, emele iqela lamazwe okanye kumazwe athile inxaxheba. Kulo mzekelo, umlawuli yolawulo usoloko yaseYurophu, kunye nesekela lakhe lokuqala - America.

I-capital ogunyazisiweyo ukhandwa iminikelo evela States. Okwangoku, amazwe 188 angamalungu zeIMF. Ngokusekelwe ubungakanani Izabelo ehlawulwa ngamavoti zabo ziya kusasazwa phakathi kwamazwe.

data IMF zibonisa ukuba ezona voti eziphethwe yi-US (17.8%), Japan (6.13%), Germany (5.99%), i-UK kunye neFransi (nge-4,95%), Saudi Arabia (3 , 22%), Italy (4.18%) kunye Russia (2.74%). Ngenxa yoko, i-United States okanye umntu nani liphezulu ngamavoti ilizwe kuphela, nto leyo iba vitho kwi miba ibalulekileyo kwaxoxwa kwi-IMF. Iqela kumazwe aseYurophu (hayi kuphela) ivoti ngendlela efanayo njengoko eUnited States.

Indima I Fund kuqoqosho lwehlabathi

IMF rhoqo iliso imigaqo-nkqubo yezemali kunye malini ngalo States yeLungu kunye nemeko kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini lonke. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iminyaka ngeminyaka yonke,-thethwano nee-arhente zikarhulumente malunga amazinga otshintshiselwano. Kwelinye icala, iLungu States kufuneka udibane nge Fund kwimiba zoqoqosho.

Amazwe kufuneka i-IMF inika mboleko ukuya kumazwe ezifundisa imali ebolekiweyo, leyo bangasebenzisa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala mabini ikhona, iNgxowa-mali wanika mboleko amazwe ikakhulu aphuhlileyo, kodwa ke, lo msebenzi iye yaqwalaselwa ngokutsha kumazwe asaphuhlayo. Loo nto inika umdla into yokuba malunga nexesha elinye ekuqaleni nokudaleka inkqubo zeniyo-koloniyalizim ehlabathini.

amazwe nemiqathango yokufumana imali-mboleko evela IMF

Ukuba amalungu States wombutho akwazi ukufumana imali-mboleko evela IMF, kufuneka ihlangane uthotho iimeko kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho.

Oku kwavela yee- zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kwaye siyaqhubeka kuphela lukhuni kunye nexesha.

IMF-Bank ifuna ukuba baphumeze inkqubo, leyo, enyanisweni, kodwa ukuba ashiye ilizwe ngaphandle ntlekele, kwaye kwamakhaya zotyalo-mali, ukukhula kwezoqoqosho kunye isiphelo kukwehla kwemeko yezentlalo abemi ngokubanzi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngo-2007 yaba nengxaki yomeleleyo zeIMF mbutho. Ezama ukudodobala koqoqosho lwehlabathi 2008, ngokutsho abahlalutyi zemali, mhlawumbi, oko ngenxa yayo. Akukho namnye wayefuna ukuthatha mboleko yombutho, kwaye lawo mazwe baye bafumana kubo afuna ngaphambi kwexesha elidlulileyo ukuhlawula ityala.

Kodwa kwakukho ingxaki lwehlabathi, yonke into yawa endaweni yayo, yaye ngakumbi. IMF ngenxa liye landa izibonelelo zalo amaxesha amathathu kwaye zichaphazela uqoqosho lwehlabathi ngakumbi.