Isizukulwana entsha amayeza statin: iingenelo, amaxabiso, ncomo

Amachiza Class statin ziye ukufaka njengendlela ukunciphisa isixa serum cholesterol kwaye ukunciphisa ingozi sentliziyo. Kangangexesha elide abaphandi kunye noogqirha basebenza kuphela iziyobisi, "Lovastatin," "Pravastatin" "Simvastatin", "Fluvastatin." ngoko Ngaba kuhlelwe "Atorvastatin" yaye "Rosuvastatin" - sisizukulwana entsha statins, hayi kanye mandithi, amachiza sisebenzayo kolu didi. Kwakhona ngoku ulwakhiwo lokuphucula ezintsha, oko kukuthi ngakumbi ikhuselekile na kwaye isebenza statins, phakathi leyo ethandwa kakhulu bobabo kwi "pitavastatin."

iimpawu ngokubanzi kwemithi yonke statins

Zonke statins eyele kudidi amachiza ezichaphazela lipid yokucolwa emzimbeni womntu. Amayeza yokwakheka zonyango Chemical Classification System alathelwe ikhowudi S10AA kwaye zinxulumene inhibitors of reductase HMG-awula. Ziyibuyisela Umsebenzi yale enzyme, ukuba ziphazamise Yindibanisela cholesterol, serum ukunciphisa kakhulu kwexabiso layo. statins Le ntshukumo ikuvumela ukufikelela lamanani abawacebisayo lipids esezantsi ezinoxinano egazini.

Ezi ziphumo zenza kube lula ukunciphisa kakhulu izinga lophuhliso neplaque atherosclerotic. Kwakhona amachiza ukuthintela ukwenzeka kwayo. Nokuba iyafumaneka kwi isiphumo oluxabisekileyo statins: ukuba uzinzise endothelium neplaque atherosclerotic, kule nkalo, ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo amathuba okuba thrombosis coronary, isenza yi indlela eyahlukileyo therapy antiplatelet. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa idibene kwezi mali kuvumela ngakumbi ukunciphisa amathuba ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo. Ngenxa statins efakwe kwixabiso oko azahlulele.

Ikakhulu statins ngezigaba

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukwahlukana kwiiklasi ze iziyobisi. Ingabonwa ngokwemiqathango lweempawu yokuqaphela. Kwakhona, ekubeni unyango statins ezahlukeneyo kufuna ulwabiwo ngeedosi ezahlukeneyo kufanelekileyo ukwazisa kucalulo esekelwe iidosi olucetyiswayo. Ucalulo kwizizukulwana sijongeka njengoku:

• I sizukulwana "Simvastatin", "Pravastatin", "Lovastatin".
• sizukulwana II, "Fluvastatin."
• isizukulwana III "cerivastatin," "Atorvastatin".
• Generation IV "pitavastatin," "Rosuvastatin."

Zonke statins zahlulwe ngumntu kuhlelwe ngezinto ekrwada, nezendalo. Le yokugqibela ziquka "Lovastatin," "Pravastatin" yaye "Simvastatin". amachiza synthetic abanye:. "Fluvastatin," "Atorvastatin", "Rosuvastatin" yaye "pitavastatin"

Ukuhlelwa statins ngeedosi kuxhomekeke kwisicelo

Zonke iindidi iziyobisi, kuquka isizukulwana entsha statins, ngokukhalipha yahlulwe ithamo ephantsi (8 mg), srednedoznye (10-40 mg) of phezulu (40-80 mg). Ngokukodwa:

• amachiza eliphezulu-ukudumba ( "atorvastatin", "Lovastatin" "Fluvastatin");
• amachiza srednedoznye ( "simvastatin", "pravastatin", "Rosuvastatin");
• amachiza ithamo ephantsi ( "pitavastatin").

Le ngokuhlelwa ibonisa amathuba ebeka kunye noluhlu lwazo nezinyangayo. Ngokukodwa, iziyobisi ophezulu kuba nefuthe xa izixa-mali eziphakamileyo, ngoxa ukunyamezeleka kakuhle. iziyobisi Srednedoznye, kodwa "rosuvastatin 'Wanyamezela ngaphantsi kakuhle kwimidlalo, kodwa kuba nemiphumo emihle.

statin Srednedozny "Rosuvastatin" ukuba inokusetyenziswa ngendlela ophezulu (80 mg), ukuba kuyimfuneko, nangona ngenxa unciphiso olupheleleyo ngokwaneleyo cholesterol esipheleleyo ezisezantsi-mninzi iqhekeza ukuba ayisoloko efunekayo. "Pitavastatin" aze kufuna indawo ngezixa ubuncinane, ngenxa yoko iingozi reactions ezibi amaxesha amaninzi ngaphantsi kunolo oothixo eklasini.

Imbali kuphuhliso kunye nokuqaliswa statins

Imbali statins na impikiswano kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, uphuhliso lwabo luthintelwa kakhulu kukungabikho kolwazi cholesterol ukutya kunye nokwenzeka yokuphuhlisa yegazi, kuxhomekeke amanqanaba lipids wegazi. Ngaphezu koko, gopoholesterinemicheskie kanye kuhlelwe kuthetha ukuba kuthintelwe microflora kwiinkcubeko ngumngundo, kujongwe ukuba bafumane penicillin ecocekileyo. Ukuvulwa cholesterol-ekwehliseni inyathelo iqela kwezinto eziveliswa nomngundo, kwaye kwenze ukuba isifundo statins.

Waba statin yokuqala, compactin, kwaye yaziswa ngendlela clinical ngenxa iimbono ezininzi ezingquzulanayo malunga neziphumo zayo. Kuye uyazimela inkcubeko IPenicillium cetrinium. Emva koko, ukusuka inkcubeko Monascus ruber yaba monacolin ekwanti K, elilodwa lomenzi ngoFebruwari 1979. Ngo June 79th eqinisekisiwe kwaye mevinolin, owathi kamva baqalisa ukuthwala igama "Lovastatin". Eli chiza isetyenziswa ekliniki, emveni kokuba lineminyaka okanye kuhlelwe sisizukulwana entsha statins.

A lot wokuchasa iimbono statins elinganeno uphuhliso, emva kokuba kuye kwagqitywa ekubeni baqhube elikhulu-scale yolingo lwezonyango. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eyona iluncedo sikhulu kwaye ukufunda yaseScandinavia Simvastatin Survival Study. Asisifutshane igama layo «4S». Oku ukulahlwa ngokupheleleyo ithuba kwezifo umhlaza ezinxulumene nolawulo neziyobisi, kwaye oko kubonisa okokuba ukusetyenziswa yabo kwandisa kweminyaka yokuphila kunciphisa izehlo ezimbi zosulele coronary.

Izicatshulwa ukuze kungenelwe statins

Xa ukufumaneka lokuqala cholesterol lilonke 7.4 mmol / l, unyango statin kwaye ukuba kufikelelwe kwinqanaba-5.4 mmol / L kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko iziganeko abafayo sentliziyo ngama-40% kule minyaka mi-5 izayo. Ugxudululu Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukuthoba inqanaba cholesterol iyonke kuphela 1 mmol / L yi yesihlanu kunciphisa amathuba thrombosis coronary kwaye kungoko sisifo sentliziyo okanye istroke.

Behlolisisa statins, iingenelo neengozi kuzo uthetha ezininzi iingcali kunye nezigulane, sinako ukuqonda ezi zibakala zilandelayo: u angakunika iziyobisi kwangethuba ubudala 40 nangaphezulu, kunye nokunciphisa imingcipheko yesifo sentliziyo - iqhinga ubengo ayolule ubomi. Yaye ekubeni statins ixabiso iyafikeleleka kakhulu, la machiza ukuwuphumeza kakuhle, ingasiwa kungagatywanga mali yayo. Kakade ke, isizukulwana entsha statins zibiza kakhulu ngakumbi, nangona i "Rosuvastatin" efanayo Enyanisweni, oko luyabiza umguli. Kwaye ke ininzi ifomu ukulungiselela "Merten".

iimpawu zothelekiso: ubuhle nobubi

Ukuhlola statins, kwaye kubo bathethe kakhulu nje. Iimpikiswano "for" lwenziwa yesenzo lwabo unyango: ukuncitshiswa yegazi namaqhezu ezisezantsi ezinoxinano, nokuthintela umngcipheko iziganeko acute kunye noncedo kunyango lwabo. Noko ke, iziyobisi ezifana statins, kukwakho Izimo. Kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ukulamla iingxoxo malunga nesicelo.

Xa therapy ne statins umngcipheko myopathy. Kusenokwenzeka esingeneleiwe yi inhibition le Yindibanisela cholesterol, nto leyo efunekayo izihlunu. Le rhoqo oku esezantsi kakhulu, nangona lenyuka nge coadministration kunye nezinye izinto hypolipidemic. Kukwakho nengozi umhlaza wesibindi ngezifo, nangona amathuba sisifo enjalo, njengoko kuboniswe izifundo yakutshanje, phantsi kakhulu. Ngelo efanayo eqinisekisiwe kwaye yokuba umhlaza kwabangelwa ngezinye izinto. Ngenxa yoko, xa izicwangciso "statins" Izimo kufuneka angavumeli intsebenziswano kulawulo kula machiza kunye nezinye izinto ezikhuthaza ukuhla uyondelelwano lwee- iiseli ngamanqatha.

Iindleko besizukulwana entsha statins

Kwi isizukulwana entsha statins amaxabiso ezahlukeneyo, nangona iziphumo zabo Kubalulekile kuhlawula ngokwakhe. Enye mbuzo kuphela ukuba iziphumo zezenzo zabo aokusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa enganeno analogue kwiklasi kwizizukulwana ngaphambili. Ingakumbi, le statin ixhaphakileyo Generation IV ixabiso "Rosuvastatin" nama-ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• 600 engange tablet-40 mg;
• 400-450 ekhompyutheni 20 mg;
• 300-350 tablet mg 10;
• 200 engange 5 mg.

Le mpahla iqulathe amacwecwe-30, ngokwaneleyo lenyanga enye unyango, lo gama unyango "pitavastatin" amaxabiso ngenyanga malunga ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• 1 mg iipilisi zibiza malunga 700-750 engange;
• Tablet 2 mg - 1000 engange;
• tablet 4 mg - malunga 1500 engange.

Ukukhetha phakathi "Pitavastinom" yaye "rosuvastatin" isekelwe kwindlela ezine: Ixabiso factor, izinga ekunciphiseni lipoprotein esezantsi ezinoxinano, uqhagamshelwano lwetshiphu emsebenzi-mninzi ukunyuka lipoprotein nenzaliseko, ukhuseleko. Isantya yandisa cholesterol nokwandisa iHDL, kwakunye ngexabiso best ukhangela "Rosuvastatin", lo gama isondlo ekhuselekileyo nangakumbi "pitavastatin."

Last kabini njengoko eninzi xa kuthelekiswa ne "rosuvastatin". Noko ke, kukho ithuba ukusebenzisa abanye, statins enganeno. I ngaphambili "Simvastatin" nenzuzo yezoqoqosho. Ngoku ke indawo yi "Atorvastatin", oko kukuthi indawo rhoqo yi "rosuvastatin" (ixabiso layo uya kuwa ngokuyimfuneko). Ukuba statins latest amaxabiso sizukulwana kukho kubiza ukuba izigulane, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele kungenzeka kokunyanga "atorvastatin" okanye "Simvastatin". Hi ndlela leyi, izifundo ezininzi kuqhutywa "atorvastatin".

Iimpikiswano wakhetha statins abadala

Ngaphambili, abezonyango bengaxeli amisele statins kwizigulane ezindala ngaphezu kweminyaka 75. Unobangela zinto zilandelayo:

• reception, ngezinye iindidi eziliqela iziyobisi;
• kwalona mutual elinye kwiklasi amayeza;
• ukungabikho okanye unyango komplaentnost eliphantsi;
• ukuthingaza izigulane ukuba bazithengele statins kwaye uzisebenzise ngenxa yokungabikho ukuqonda yeziphumo zabo.

A Inani lezifundo kwenziwa "Simvastatin" "Pravastatin" yaye "atorvastatin" zibonise ukuhla okubonakalayo yokufa izigulane ezindala ngaphezu kweminyaka 75. Ngaphezu koko, ukuhla nokuyibulala waba ngaphezu koko lwezigulana kumaqela abakwiminyaka 55-65 kunye neminyaka 65-75. Kuba iziyobisi yale yeklasi (statins) izimvo kwiingcaphephe iqinisekisa ngokucacileyo yinyaniso.

La amayeza kufuneka ithathelwe kamva ebomini nokuba kwakukho iingxaki ngaphambili oyingozi sentliziyo. Kunye nezigulane ngokwenene imiba ebalulekileyo ukunciphisa ingozi yokufa kwakhe iposi engabalulekanga okanye nobetho, kufuneka uqonde ukuba ichiza olusebenzayo ekhuselekileyo, kuyinto ebaluleke nangakumbi ukuthatha. Ingakumbi ukuba unyango kunye statins iye yaba lula ngakumbi, yaye iya kuqhubeka hlobo.

Amanqaku ukubuyekeza ku isizukulwana entsha statins

Izigulane izimvo ekuvavanyeni umgangatho a statins ethile generic bengengabo kubonisa, ngenxa yokuba baziva utshintsho olubalulekileyo ukusuka ukuthatha iziyobisi. Ukuphucula inkangeleko lipid igazi aliveli kwi imeko yempilo kwaye akukho zimpawu zangaphandle. Uvumela profile lipid kuphela. Ngenxa yokuba xa ehlolisisa statin ngobulumko wakhokela ziingcali ngokutsha. Kwaye malunga amalungiselelo apho isithako esebenzayo yi pitavastatin, iingcali abanakho ukuphendula.

Xa kusenziwa kwezonyango kwi ico "pitavastatin" ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu kunye nangenxa ubukho 'rosuvastatin "kunye generics yayo alisebenzi. Kumalungiselelo "rosuvastatin", apho kuboniswe ngasentla, inyathelo ngokukhawuleza: Iprofayili lipid nganye ezinga malungu abantu iinyanga 1-2. I "atorvastatin" ixesha namaxesha nesiqingatha ngakumbi. Kwakhona "rosuvastatin" generic ezikhuselekileyo, ekubeni iintlobo ezimbini umzimba lo cytochrome. Okwangoku, le nkcazelo ethathwa izimvo leengcali, zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni statin kwiimeko ezithile clinical.

Izigqibo jikelele izizukulwana ezintsha statins

Iziyobisi "pitavastatin" yaye "Rosuvastatin" zezona oluphambili phakathi abameli udidi statin, apho umzimba elikhulu ubungqina eziqokelelweyo. imiphumela zabo ziyafana jikelele ukuba nalawo "atorvastatin", kodwa kukho umahluko. "Pitavastatin" yaye "Rosuvastatin" ukuvumela ukuba bafikelele amanqanaba ekujoliswe cholesterol, nabangaboni lipoprotein mninzi in izilinganiso gangqa "atorvastatin".

Ukongeza noludumileyo ngasentla statins isizukulwana zakutshanje kubalulekile kwaye yenye inkalo. Ezizezi, unyango 'pitavastatin "yaye" rosuvastatin "Omnye ukuzinza nkqi lipids igazi kunye nokupheliswa homocysteinemia. Oku kubalulekile njengoko kunjalo kwimeko izifo ezihlasela zosulele coronary, kwaye izigulane izifo ezondeleyo semithambo, senziwa yamafutha sentliziyo. Ukhuseleko kokusebenzisa statins ngaphezulu kwe acetylsalicylic acid kardioform. Kunjalo, ubukho Izimo uyakwalela ukusebenzisa kwabo abemi ethile isigulane (bona. Izimo Jikelele).

izibonelo ekwakhiweni

Amayeza eziqulathe "Rosuvastatin" iyafumaneka phantsi amagama yorhwebo ilandelayo: "AKORT", "Rozistark", "Rozukard", "Rozart", "Merten", "Rozulip", "Roxer", "Rustor", "Tevastor". Zonke ezi amachiza generic "Crestor" yaba rosuvastatin yokuqala. Iziyobisi, apho into esebenzayo yi pitavastatin, obhaliswe «Livalo». generics zayo «Pitavas» kunye «Pivasta». ke musa zenzeka kwi ico, nangona ibhaliswe Pharmacopoeia.

isishwankathelo

Ngokuhambelana kunye neklasi iziyobisi ifuthe kunye nohlahlelo impumelelo ukusetyenziswa kwazo, ukusetyenziswa statins uyaqinisekiswa ekuzinziseni ukubola atherosclerotic kunye nokuthintela ubunzima bayo. Kananjalo kusetyenziselwa ukuzinciphisa ngobunzulu ngenxa yamafutha, echaphazela iprofayili lipid of serum kwegazi. Ngenxa yoko, le udidi iziyobisi ngenene kuyimfuneko in zentliziyo. Kwaye ke umgangatho statins isizukulwana zakutshanje sele indlela ephumelelayo yothintelo lwe thrombosis obulalayo coronary.