Imbongi Yakov Polonsky: engobomi emfutshane, ubugcisa, imibongo kunye namanqaku anika umdla

imbongi Akuvamile wamkhumbula JP Polonsky (1819-1898) wadala imisebenzi emininzi nje kuphela kwimibongo kodwa iprozi. Nangona kunjalo, kodwa ikakhulu kwimisebenzi yakhe uthando abe ngumntu omthandayo. Imbongi yalapha emhlabeni kakhulu, kodwa ke xa ebona bayahlelwa lokhokho. yena kakhulu kwacelwa "Unikezelo" lakhe.

ezweni amancinci

Ifrequency of Ryazan, kwidolophu encinane yephondo, ngobusuku-6 ukuya kwesi-7 Disemba 1819 azalwe umntwana, apho iiveki ezimbini kamva wabiza ubhaptizo uYakobi. umakazi yakhe ibhola kwi irhuluneli-jikelele, kodwa emva kokuva ukuba udade wabo ngokhuselekileyo kunikelwa ekuzalweni, wemka ibhola ukuzisa umwethu. Rhode Polonsky wayemdala, baya ePoland ukungenela inkonzo Ivanu Groznomu. Polonsky waba ingubo iingalo imvelaphi Azure leyo bachazwa inkwenkwezi sezigodlo ezintandathu, isigcina kunye nento ephakathi ipikoko kunye ngenyanga oselula. Uyise imbongi imfundo ezilungileyo ukufumana, kodwa bafunda ukufunda nokubhala, yaye ngesandla omhle. Waye kwigosa entle, yaye intsapho enkulu eziyimfuneko ukuze iindleko ezigqithileyo. Yakov yaba umntwana mdala, yaye ukongezelela waba nabantwana abathandathu. Kule ukuzalwa lokugqibela unina wakhe wafa, okuphendula Yakovlevna. Lo mntwana wahlupheka kokufa kwakhe, yaye kwabonakala kuye unina wangcwatywa ephila. Esengumntwana, Yakov Polonsky kubonwa amaphupha ezoyikekayo. Othuke. Umfanekiso- ngqondweni iqalisa ukusebenza, kubonakala imifanekiso zesihobe. Lo mzalwana umdala abezithetha kubo iintsomi kusungulwe omncinane waza waqalisa ngokufihlakeleyo ukubhala umbongo.

emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo

Yakov Polonsky Ryazan waphumelela kwisikolo esiphakamileyo ngo-1838. Ngeli xesha, utata yaphulwe ngokupheleleyo kunye nokufa nomfazi wesifuba sayo, wakhonza iminyaka emithathu eCaucasus, wabuyela kowabo. Kwimeko yabantwana, akazange aphazamisane. Kodwa uYakobi yena isiganeko apho ingqalelo isiganeko ebomini bakhe. Ngowe-1837 wahambela Ryazan Tsesarevich uAleksandr Nikolaevich, sikhatshwe VA Zhukovsky. Young Jacob Polonsky thaca umlawuli elinye elizayo indalo yakhe. Le ntlanganiso elidityaniswe kuyo zonke iingcinga umfana kunye nemisebenzi zoncwadi. Ukususela kwiminyaka 1838 ukuya 1844, Yakov Polonsky lifunda kwiYunivesithi Moscow. Waba mpofu kakhulu, kuba le ntsapho ibhuqiwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye uxhomekeke kuphela ngamandla abo. izindlu Irenti kwi ematyotyombeni kwakufuneka baziphilisa zokufundiswa kunye nezifundo zabucala. Kwakukho iintsuku xa sasemini wayengekho kuloo nto. Kwakufuneka yokwenza iti kunye roll. Ngeli xesha ke ngokusondeleyo ndaqhelana A. Grigoriev kunye A. Fet, uthumele amanqaku italente wembongi abatsha. Inspired, wapapasha kwi "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo" ngo-1840, lo mbongo "iintsimbi Ezingcwele amisiweyo ngokunjalo." Circle of abahlobo eMoscow ukuba zandiswe. Endlwini yayizalwa Decembrist UNikolai Orlov, Yakov Polonsky idibana noNjingalwazi T. Granovsky, sobulumko P. Chaadaev. Kwakhona ngo-1942, yena abahlobo ubomi uIvan Turgenev, neziya kuxhasa nembalelwano.

Ukuqokelelwa "Gamma"

Ngowe-1844, Pet Yakovlevich Chaadaev ngokubonakalayo ukuqokelela imali yokubhalisa kopapasho incwadi yokuqala wembongi abatsha. Iingoma ezipheleleyo Lermontov washiya uphawu kuyo. Kodwa Belinsky iyonke unika uphengululo kakuhle. Umgxeki kubonisiwe ivesi "izibongo isiqalelo olunyulu". UNikolai Gogol alungise ngokwabo enye imibongo. VA Zhukovsky thaca iimbongi clock oselula ebonisa ukuba uyayixabisa italente yakhe. Lev Sergeyevich Pushkin wamnika i isipho esixabiseke - ipotifoliyo yelo umzalwana wakhe buchopho.

Odessa

Emva kokuphumelela yaye bafudukela ngasezantsi kunye ngobomi yobomi awayeqhelene bayizalisa Yakova Polonskogo nabantu isangqa Pushkin kaThixo. Harmony nokucaca isenza ingqokelela wesibini imbongi, "Imihobe 1845". Nangona kunjalo Belinsky akazange afumane nto nayiphi na imveliso ngempumelelo.

Caucasus

Umnqweno ukufumana umbono ezintsha ukukhokela Yakov Petrovich e Tiflis ngo-1846. Usebenzela i-ofisi irhuluneli MS Vorontsov kwaye ngexesha elinye ukusebenza kwiphephandaba "Herald of the Transcaucasian" umhleli oncedisayo. Kuyo, yena ishicilelwe. Ngomhla izinto exotic eCaucasus, yena uzama ukusebenza uhlobo yemveli iibhaladi kunye nemibongo. Ngelo xesha, ukuba usebenzisa ubukhulu raznostopnye azixhaphakanga. Ngowe-1849 imbongi sakhulula ingqokelela "Sandazar". Kodwa ngo-1851 weza naseRussia njengohlobo ukufunda ngalo ukugula kakhulu kayise.

Petersburg

Ngoko Yakova Polonskogo biography ubalisa ibali lokubuya kwakhe eRashiya, apho wafumana ngobubele ngabafundi nababhali. Kodwa izinto kakuhle-ntle ayinayo. Ngowe-1857, wanyanzelwa ukuba abe okuphindwa kweklasi. Kule sikhundla, uhamba usapho SA Smirnova-Rosset, ine i sibi kakhulu kwaye kunzima Switzerland. Kodwa kwiminyaka 38 - oku akusekho yobudala u bangamelana xa sivumelane zabaqeshi. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva uya kwisithuba kunye nokutyelela eGeneva, eRome, Paris.

imbongi luvutha

Kwikomkhulu French kwakukho "intlanganiso esibulalayo" njengoko yayibizwa imbongi, kunye nomfazi wakhe elizayo. Le ntombazana, Elena Ustyuzhskaya, wayeselula, eluthandweni nokutshata kwafuneka alinde malunga nonyaka. Ngowe-1858, bona watshata waza waya eSt Petersburg. kutshata nayo ngazo indoda izikhulu engaphakathi elizayo. Yeha, umtshato lwalulolwexeshana. kwiminyaka nje emibini yathatha ulonwabo lwabo. Ekuqaleni, oko sonakala drop Yakov kunye droshky. Yena wonzakele kakhulu umlenze wakhe, wamnika nakuphumla de isiphelo sobomi, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba usebenzise iintonga. Ke uyafa, unyana iinyanga ezintandathu, yaye emva kweenyanga eziliqela kamva, kunye nomfazi wakhe. Nantsi ibhayografi emfutshane enxulumene umtshato wakhe wokuqala Yakova Polonskogo. Imbongi Wistful atshize kuphuma enzonzobileni "I Inqina" umphefumlo walo mbongo, "Le lamalela intlungu," "Ukuba nje uthando lwakho ...".

umshado wesibili

ekumba zoncwadi azinakwenzeka, Yakov Petrovich, kwaye uqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla ikomiti ukuhlola amazwe. kweminyaka 6 emva ukuwa umtshato wakhe wokuqala, uwa wayethandana Zhozefinu Ryulman. Le noveli iphela umtshato, neliya kuthi wazalelwa oonyana ababini kunye nentombi. ikhaya lakhe wadala sesalon zoncwadi-zomculo, nto leyo ngooLwezihlanu uza imibala Petersburg koongqondo: iimbongi, ababhali, abaqambi, ngabapeyinti, abagxeki. Kukho ubomi rap yenkcubeko kwikomkhulu. Kule ngobomi olufutshane Yakova Polonskogo e intshumayelo yethu ngoku eza kubugqiba. Njengendlela yokubhiyozela unyaka wama-50 umsebenzi zoncwadi lwe Polonsky oko yanikezelwa isidanga isilivere Grand Duke uKonstantin Romanov wanikezela umbongo.

Bothando amazwi Polonsky

Romantic, bezama ukuphendula kwimiba yezentlalo-kwezopolitiko, kodwa ezingqondweni zethu inxulunyaniswa luthando. Yakov Polonsky, imibongo, abathandiweyo abaqambi Russian ezininzi; ngokuba niyazi baninzi, kuqala kwiinto zonke, emazwini ogama, "umlilo yam ekukhanyeni enkungwini". Nalu uluhlu iingoma amazwi akhe, kude-kude aziphelelanga:

• umqambi EF Napravnik:

Birdie: "inuka intsimi umoya ococekileyo";

Waltz "Ray yeThemba";

Umthandazo: "Bawo wethu! Nyana nokutarhuzisa: ukunika indlebe ... ".

• SV Rachmaninov:

Umhlangano: "Izolo sadibana ...";

Umculo: "Kwaye ukuqubha ukhule ezi zandi emangalisayo ...";

Dissonance: "Mayenziwe intando bayahlelwa ...".

• AG Rubinstein:

Duma: "Le ezintsimbi ezingcwele ngokunzulu izandi ...";

Ukulahleka: "Xa ivuso yokuzahlula ...".

• PI Tchaikovsky:

"Ngaphandle, kwi yokudanyaza isithunzi".

Hi ndlela leyi, Tchaikovsky Polonsky wabhala mdlalo of the opera "I Slippers". Ukongeza kukho inani elincinane ngolo iingoma adweliswe kweli nqaku, sikuncede umsebenzi Bunin ukuba umgca ukusuka umbongo ngu J. Polonsky wazibeka kwisihloko elinye lamabali akhe, oko kukuthi "Xa isitrato sasinye eziqhelekileyo."

Polonsky wafa eneminyaka engama-78, wangcwatyelwa kufuphi Ryazan. Kwaye ngoku angcwatywa i Ryazan yesicelo. Zonke imibongo Polonsky, Yakov Petrovich wafumana ukusabela phakathi kwabantu bexesha lakhe kunye kwizizukulwana elandelayo Symbolists, ingakumbi Blok. Kumaxesha eSoviet akazange anikwe ngayo nayiphi (!) Of umsebenzi yanikezelwa ebomini bakhe kunye nomsebenzi. Ngoku iingcali zengingqi Ryazan ukuze kulungiswe le meko ngokuthi monographs yokukhutshwa, amanqaku, kunye neencwadi, leyo kubuya ukuba imbongi ngokungekho ulibele, bashiya ilifa enkulu yokuluka.