I-Ryazan Kremlin: imbali, ukuphononongwa kunye neefoto. IiMyuziyamu zeRyazan Kremlin

I-Kremlin yindawo eyona indala yedolophu yaseRyazan. Kanye nje kule ndawo ngo-1095 yasungulwa iPeryaslavl Ryazan, leyo ngo-1778 yabizwa igama elikhoyo. Indawo eyakhelwe ngayo ukwakhiwa ngokufanelekileyo. I-Ryazan Kremlin isendaweni ephakamileyo, eneendawo ezingama-hekta ezingama-26 kunye nesimo se-quadrilateral engavumelekanga ejikelezwe ngamacala amathathu. Kwaye imimiselo yendawo yokuhlala yasendulo, ifumaneka apha, umhla ngokuqhelekileyo kwiminyaka eyiwaka BC.

Inxalenye ethile yembali

I-Pereyaslavl, ngokutsho kweengcamango zabavubukuli, yafakwa ngaselunxwemeni lweLake Bystroy, engxenyeni esenyakatho yentaba. Oku kwaqinisekiswa ngoncedo lwetheknoloji yakutshanje. Emva koko kwaqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngekhulu le-14 yonke intaba yaseKremlin yayisele ihleli. Isizathu sisilula: ekupheleni kwekhulu le-13 isixeko sashintsha isimo sayo, saba yinto-dolophu yesixeko, ekubeni uRyazan, owayenaloo ndlela ngaphambili, wabhujiswa ngamaxesha amaninzi ngexesha leMongol-Tatar. I-Pereyaslavl, njengoko imbali yeRyazan Kremlin ithi, ngokukhawuleza yadlulela ngaphaya komda weenduli kwaye ngokuphawulekayo yanda kwintshona nakumazantsi. Kwaye i-Kremlin ngokwayo yahlala yindawo enqatyisiweyo, inxalenye yedolophu kwaye yayimele inqaba enamandla kakhulu nenkqubo yemveli yeRashiya izakhiwo ezikhuselayo. Ngakwelinye icala, eningizimu-ntshona-ntshona, engakhuselekiswa yimilambo, i-moat yacubungulwa, kwaye kunye nomjikelezo wonke umthi wathululelwa. Kuye kwakhiwa izindonga zokhuni ezineenqaba ezili-12. Isango leGlebov Tower lalingundoqo kwaye likhangele ukuya eMoscow. Ngekhulu le-18, i-Pereyaslavl yalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwenkampu yezantsi yaseRashiya, kwaye ukufakela kwemikhosi yemikhosi kwadityaniswa. Kuphela isiqwenga somthi wemitha engamamitha angama-300 kunye ne-moat engxenyeni yasentshonalanga-ntshona yahlala ngexesha lethu.

Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweKremlin

Ngexesha elide, i-Ryazan Kremlin yakhiwe ngamatye. Kwaye kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-15, ukusuka kwelitye elimhlophe, kungekude nenkundla yesikhulu, lakhiwa i-cathedral kwisixeko sase-Assumption Cathedral. Kwaye kwinqanaba lesibini le-17 leminyaka, i-Pereyaslavl yayisekuhlaleni kwayo kwendawo yokwakhiwa kwamatye. Kwisiza apho kwakunokubunjwa kwindlu yesigqeba samagosa, abakhi bakha idibanisa elipheleleyo elinamalungu amanyathelo asemanyeneyo: izakhiwo ezininzi zezoqoqosho nezokulawula, kubandakanywa neBocharnaya, i-smithy, i-Consistorial and Singing Corps, iindawo zokuhlala zebhishophu, eza kuthiwa " Indlu kaOleg ". Ngeli-18 leminyaka elilandelayo, ezi zinto zazungezwe ngcingo lwamatye, zibeka amasango amaninzi. Okwangokunjalo, i-Consistorial Corps iyakwazi ukubona isahluko sesinye sazo.

Iimonasteri zasePereyaslavl kunye neCathhedral Square

Kwixesha la mandulo kwakukho iinqununu ezimbini-zombini amadoda - kule ntsimi. Emazantsi - iSpassky, indala kunaye, kumntla-mpuma -Dukhovsky. Kwintsimi yexesha lokuqala kwakukho isixeko, esityebi kakhulu, emangcwabeni. Kwiminyaka engama-40 yekhulu elidlulileyo yachithwa, yashiya amathuba amabini enkumbulo kwiindlalifa:

1. Engraver, uProfesa IPPozopasin wasePetersburg Academy of Arts, owayehlala ngo-1837 ukuya ku-1909.
2. Umculi nombhali SD Khvoshchinskaya, owayehlala ngo-1828 ukuya ku-1865.

Kwaye ngo-1959, ukusuka apho, ingcwaba likaYa.P. Polonsky, umbhali waseRussia obalaseleyo owayehlala ngekhulu le-19, wathunyelwa eRyazan. Indawo ebaluleke kakhulu ePereyaslavl yayiyiKethedral Square, kwintsimi eyayikuyo: i-prikaznye huts - amaziko aphezulu olawulo lweedolophu, amagumbi okugcoba kunye neyadi.

I-Ryazan Kremlin ngasekupheleni kwe-19-ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, le nto yancipha ngokubaluleka kwayo. Ukuqhelaniswa kwelizwe lecawa kwenzelwa, kwaye emva koko indlu yendlu yabaphathi yayincitshiswa kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, i-centre yedolophu yayisuswe kude neKremlin, kwaye ukususela ngoko ivuselelo liye lagcinwa kuphela kwiintsuku zeeholide ezahlukeneyo. Yonke ixesha - indawo yokuthula kunye neyokuzola. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngenxa yemisebenzi yenzululwazi yenkcubeko kunye noluntu, kunye nabaphandi bendawo, iRyazan Kremlin yaqala ukufumana indawo yeyona ndawo ebalulekileyo kunye neyona ndawo ibalulekileyo yendawo. Ngomnyaka we-800 we-city, ngo-1895, le ndawo yaba yimbindi yemigubho enkulu. KwiNdlu ye-Oleg ngo-1914 kwimyuziyam yexesha elidlulileyo-i-Drevleshranilishche yavulwa, kwaye ngo-1923, sele ikhona kumaxesha eSoviet, ubugcisa bephondo kunye nembali yomyuziyam.

Ezi ndawo zembali zikhoyo ngoku

I-Ryazan Kremlin yaqalisa iqela elitsha le-museum-egcinwe ngo-1968, xa iziphathamandla zendawo zakha izakhiwo zobugcisa kunye nezembali apho. Ukongeza kwintsimi yasePereyaslavl yakudala, iquka zonke izakhiwo zokuzakhela kunye nezokuzikhusela kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo, zigcinwe de loo mihla. Ummandla ngokwawo wafakwa ngokulandelelana, ezinye zezakhiwo zabuyiselwa kwaye zaphendulwa kwiimyuziyam. Okwangoku, le nxalenye, kunye neendawo ezibonakalayo kunye neyona ndlela enhle kakhulu yokwakha yaseRussia, ayimelanga nje kuphela isikhungo sengingqi, isixeko saseRyazan, kodwa enye yeempahla kunye nekratshi lonke elaseRashiya.

I-Assumption Cathedral

Unyaka ngamnye uninzi lwabavakhenkethi beza kule ndawo ukuze bazi kakuhle ngeli xesha elidlulileyo lelizwe labo, abavela kwamanye amazwe - ukufunda inxalenye yembali yaseRashiya. Ngoko ke, isikhumbuzo esisezantsi sikwiCathedral ye-Assumption yeRyazan Kremlin, esiyikhankanywe ngokufutshane. Yakhelwe nguYakov Grigorievich Bukhvostov, umakhi omkhulu kwi-1693-1699. Inkundla yamatyala yayakhiwa njengetempile yelithempeli ehlobo, kwaye isakhiwo esikhulu se-grandiose sakhangela ukuba, kunye nobukhulu bayo, iimitha ezili-1600 zendawo kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-72 ukuphakama, zagqithisa ubuninzi bezakhiwo zalo xesha. Isakhiwo sokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo ngu-Naryshkin's Baroque, eyona mzekelo omhle we-organic synthesis of paintwork, icon and architecture. Ngokomzekelo, akukho mfanekiso odweba ngamagqabi amhlophe kunye namasango. Iimitha ezisixhenxe zeempawu ezikude ubude beemitha ezingama-27 zenziwe ngumfundi kunye nomlandeli kaSimon Ushakov Nikolai Solomonov. I-iconostasis yokudweba eyenziwe nguSergey Khristoforov nayo inemisebenzi ekhethekileyo yobugcisa. Iikholamu zenziwa kwisiqithi ngasinye somthi. Ehlobo, i-cathedral ivuleleke kwiindwendwe. Kuze ixhase iinkonzo zikaThixo. Ngomnyaka we-2008, wayeka ukuba ngumyuziyam kwaye wadluliselwa kwi-diocese yendawo.

IBlebovsky iBrador kunye nomda

Xa sicinga ngamathredrals of the Ryazan Kremlin, asinakukwazi ukukhankanya ukuzalwa kukaKristu, apho kukho imifanekiso yaseSt. Basil yaseRyazan, umbhishophu, kunye nengcwaba yeenkosana zendawo: uSophia - intombi kaDmitry Donskoy kunye nodade kaIvan wesithathu - uAna. Kwintsimi yaseKremlin kukho i-Bridge Glebovsky Bridge, eyakhelwe iBelltower ngekhulu le-18. It has construction arch. Kwangaphambili kwindawo yayo yayiyibhulorho yamatye ye-oki, enokuthungela kwaye idibanisa inxalenye enkulu yesixeko kunye ne-Ostrog. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba isongelo sokuhlaselwa kwangaphandle sanyamalala, satshintshwa yitye elinye. Ukusuka kumzantsi-ntshona kwintaba yaseKremlin kukho esinye isakhiwo sokuzivikela sasendulo - udonga lomhlaba. Ubude bayo buyii-290 zeemitha, konke okuseleyo. Ngaphambili, kwada kwangekhulu le-18, yayineendonga kunye neendonga. Kwaye emva kwayo kwakukho umxokelelwane ozele ngamanzi kunye nobunzulu beemitha ezixhenxe. Yaye nangona ngoku i-shaft ingaphantsi kwaye iyancipha kakuhle, kodwa iyanomdla kwaye ikhukhume ngaphezu kwayo.

Indlu kaOleg

Ukuba ugqiba ukutyelela i-Ryazan Kremlin, uhambo luya kukunceda ngakumbi kwaye luqhelane nazo zonke indawo ezithakazelisayo iinkcukacha. Ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuboniswa, umzekelo, esikhulu kunazo zonke kwisakhiwo sezakhiwo zomntu - i-Palace ye-Oleg, eyakhiwa kwisayithi apho inkundla yenkosi yayikuyo. Apha ngaphambili kwakukhona amagumbi ababhishophu bendawo, iinkonzo zabo zoqoqosho, iiseli zabazalwana kunye necawa yendlu. Indawo yesakhiwo i-2530 square meters. Inamathathu, awakhiwe kuwo onke, ngaphandle kwezigaba. Ngaphakathi kwekhulu le-17 umakhi uY. K. Ershov wakha ezimbini zokuqala, kwaye ekupheleni kwekhulu elifanayo umakhi uG GL Mazukhin wakha isithathu. Ngomnyaka we-1780, umakhi wezakhiwo uY. I. Schneider wandisa ubude besakhiwo, ngenxa yesihlomelo esempuma. Kwaye kwinkulungwane elandelayo, umakhi wephondo waseMzantsi Afrika uShchetkin wakha kwakhona kwakhona. Kwaye yaba yindlu enhle kakhulu enezambatho zebaroque, amabhendi enemibala kunye neefestile zendlu. Ukususela ngoko uye waziwa njengeNdlu ka-Oleg.

Amabhunga omculo

Ukufunda iimyuziyam zeRyazan Kremlin, umntu akanako ukuthobela ingqungquthela yokwakha ye-17th-ye-Singing Corps. Eyakhelwe ngumakhi uYu K. Ershov, wafumana igama lakhe ngenxa yokuqeqeshwa kweemvumi apha. Nangona, ngokwenene, injongo ephambili yesakhiwo iyahluke. Ezi zindawo zokuhlala zondyebo kunye noqoqosho, bhishophu. Ekugqibeleni kwezindlu zahlala kwindawo yokwamkelwa kwezoqoqosho, enokungena kwayo. Isakhiwo sinxandeke, sinezimbini, zigcinwe kwindlela yokwakha yelo xesha. Ngombulelo kwiphasela, eyenziwa ngendlela yokwakha yaseRashiya yakudala, inembonakalo ekhethekileyo enhle. Kwiivenkile kunye neendonga, kubandakanywa nokwamkelwa kwezoqoqosho, isahlukaniso silondoloze umzobo omhle. Ngoku kulesi sakhiwo kukho ukuboniswa kwemyuziyamu ebizwa ngokuba "ngokwesiko sikomkhulu", echaza malunga neeholide kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla yabantu baseRussia bala maxesha. Inomdla ngakumbi kunommandla weRyazan Kremlin. Thatha ixesha lokuhlola, kwaye kuya kubakho into ekumele uyikhumbule ixesha elide.