Izixeko ezikufutshane neMoscow: uluhlu. Amadolophu aseMoscow

Ngenxa yokuxininisa eMoscow ezindleleni, ukuqhuma kweendlela zokuhlala ngogxininiso, oko kungabangeli nje ukungcola gesi kuphela, kodwa kunye nezimo ezixinzelelekileyo, amaxabiso aphezulu angakholwanga kwizindlu nakwizinto ezincedisayo, abantu abaninzi baqala ukujonga indawo "zokuhlala".

Izixeko zommandla waseMoscow unyaka nonyaka ziqala ukuzonwabisa ngokunyuka kweemfuno phakathi kwamaMuscovites, abafumana imali engenayo ukuba bathenge amamitha ayi-square e-square. Kukho ukulinganiswa kwezixeko ezithandekayo kubomi babantu.

Kutheni uMoscow

Mhlawumbi siphila eMoscow - ihloniphekile, kodwa ayiyi kukhululeka kwaye ayinakunceda. Ukugqithiswa kwe-capital, ukugqithisa kakhulu izitrato zedolophu, iimeko ezingekho phantsi kwemvelo kunye neemeko zobugebengu azixhomekeke nakubantu abanokuphila okuzolileyo nokukhuselekileyo.

Ngoko ke, izixeko eziseduze neMoscow ziqala ukusebenzisa loo mfuno . Kwanoluhlu lwazo ezikuphela kweekhilomitha ezili-10 ukusuka eMKAD, indawo ekubhekiswa kuyo ukuba yintsimi yaseMoscow phakathi kwabantu basekuhlaleni, iyakhiwa. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezili-12 zezona zilungileyo kakhulu ebomini:

• Odintsovo.
• Krasnogorsk.
• Khimki.
• Mytischi.
• I-Lyubertsy.
• Reutov.
• Dzerzhinsky.
• Dolgoprudny.
• Balashikha.
• Pushkino.

Ezi zixeko zommandla yaseMoscow zineenzuzo kwiindawo ezinabantu abahlala ngaphaya kweMKAD:

• Okokuqala, ukusondela kwi-capital, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza apho, ehlala kwenye idolophu.
• Okwesibini, ukuhanjiswa kwezothutho ezintle kunye noMoscow, umzekelo, ngesitimela ezivela kule ndawo, unokufikelela kwiziko layo kwiimitha ezingama-30-40.
• Okwesithathu, ukubonelelwa kwezixeko ezinezinto ezisisiseko.

Kukho ezinye iingenelo ezi zixeko ezikufutshane neMoscow. Konke kuxhomekeke kwisikhokelo esivela kuzo kwi-MKAD.

Odintsovo

Kuze kube kutshanje, idolophana encinci, namhlanje iindawo eziphambili zendawo yaseMoscow, apho uphuhliso lwakhiwa kwaye abantu abangaphezulu kwe-140,000 bahlala.

Ngokumangalisayo, kodwa le ndawo ithathwa njengento ecocekileyo kumadlelo, naphezu kwamashishini kunye nomgwaqo omkhulu oqhutywayo owela kwisixeko.

Oku kubangelwa ukuba i-Odintsovo ijikelezwe yinkitha enkulu yehlathi, ngokucacileyo, iqhubana nayo yonke "iingqungquthela" zentlalo. Isixeko siyaqatshelwa njengomnye wezona zinto zingcono kwaye zikhuselekileyo ukuhlala kule ndawo. Iipaki ze-Meshchersky ezixhotyisiweyo kunye ne-embankment kumanxweme eMlambo wase-Setuni, esesithili sakwa-Odintsovo, ziye zaba yindawo ekhethiweyo yeeholide kubantu basezidolophini.

Odintsovo iyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa. Kuba namhlanje namhlanje izakhiwo ezintsha zokuhlala ezingama-42 zakhiwa apha. Njengazo zonke iidolophu eziseduze neMoscow, zineendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuthutha, ukuvumela abahlali ukuba bahambe baye kwikomkhulu ngaphandle kokuthintelwa. Izibonelelo zeso sixeko ziphuhliswe kakuhle, kukho konke abantu abayidingayo: izikolo, i-kindergartens, izibhedlele kunye ne-polyclinics, indawo zokuzonwabisa nokuzonwabisa.

Krasnogorsk

Kukuphela kweekhilomitha ezili-22 ukusuka kwiphondo-dolophu, i-Krasnogorsk idibene nayo ukusuka ngasentla-ntshona-ntshona, kwaye inokuqwalaselwa njengendawo yokuhlala.

Uninzi lwabemi lubandakanyekayo kumashishini aseMegalopolis, kodwa kwisixeko ngokwawo akukho ziingxaki zomsebenzi, kuba zikhona:

• Isityalo esaziwayo saseKrasnogorsk sezinto zokusebenza.
• I-Factory ekwenzeni imveliso yokwakha kunye nemveliso ye-gypsum.
• Utyalo lobunjineli.
• Ukuveliswa kweeyeza zonyango.
• Imveliso yesonka, i-confectionery factory.
• Isishicilelo sokushicilela nokushicilela.

Nangona abahlali basekuhlaleni banikwe umsebenzi, i-ecology yesithili ishiya kakhulu into efunwayo. Ngokukodwa umoya uhlambulukile apha, nangona umsebenzi wabantu awuzange uphawule amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye kule ntshabalalo yehlathi apho umzi unxibelele kakhulu uqaphele.

Kuze kube ngoku, imeko ayiyiyo ingozi kakhulu, ngoko ke i-Krasnogorsk ithathwa njengethembisayo ngokubhekiselele ekukhuselekeni kokuhlala kunye nentlalo.

Reutov

Eyilwe ngo-1492 njengedolophana, apho i-bell ye-rebet efakwe khona, ikwazisa malunga neendlela zeentshaba eMoscow, uRoutov wakhula ngokukhawuleza waza wafumana isikhundla semeko kuphela ngo-1940.

Namhlanje inabantu abangama-100 000, kwaye idolophu yaseReutov ingabizwa ngokuba ngamadlelo aseMoscow, kuba i-1-3 km ukusuka kwikomkhulu. Umzila osandul 'ukwakhiwa osandul' ukwenziwa wenza ukuba basondele ngakumbi.

Le dolophu yenza into ekhangayo kakhulu, njengokuba ingcwatyelwa nje, iindidi zemibala ezininzi zineendawo zokudlala, nezitalato zicocekile. Nantsi yonke into yakhiwe ukwenzela ukuba abantu bazive bekhululekile kwaye bengabanjwanga nayiphi na intlalo yentlalo okanye izinto zenkcubeko.

Izikolo, i-kindergartens, amaziko ezempilo, iipaki zokuzonwabisa, i-youth center, i-stadium, iindawo zokuthenga izitolo kunye neefestile ezininzi, iivenkile kunye neema-cinema zikude nayo yonke into idolophu yaseReutov inokukholisa abemi bayo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho imeko efanelekileyo, nangona kufutshane nendawo enkulu.

Khimki

Nangona kukholwa ukuba lo mmandla waseMoscow, isixeko saseKhimki sidla ngokuba ngummandla waseMoscow. Le dolophu isekelwe kwisayithi yendawo yakudala yaseKozmodemyansky, eyayisendleleni yaseRoyal Road kwaye idume ngokulwa kwi-1608-1609 phakathi komkhosi waseRussia kunye nomkhosi wasePoland, okhokelwa ngu-False Dmitry II.

Igama lalo linikezelwa edolophini ngokuhlonipha umlambo igama elifanayo, kwaye laveliswa ngumbulelo kumzila wesitimela owawuqhutywa kuwo, kwakunye nezixeko ezininzi ezikufutshane neMoscow.

Yayilapha apho imikhosi yama-fascist yamiswa, kwaye iikhilomitha ezili-23 zazingenakwenzeka eMoscow. Kwixesha langaphambi kwemfazwe, ngakumbi emva kwalo, ummandla waseMoscow, isixeko saseKhimki ngokukodwa, wanyuka kungekuphela nje kumashishini amashishini, kodwa nakwizinto ezihlongozwayo. Ngoko, ngo-1950 iKhimki yaba yikhungo esiyimfihlo, apho kwakukho iSityalo seNqwelomoya. Lavochkin, MKB "Fakel" kunye nabanye.

Namhlanje, abantu abangaphezu kwe-225,000 bahlala apha, ngumzi omkhulu woshishino olunobomi obuhle. Akagcini nje egxobhoza eluhlaza, kodwa ujikelezwe yiyo.

Mytischi

Isixeko saseMytishchi (esifundeni saseMoscow) sichazwe okokuqala kwimimiselo ye-1460 njengedolophana yegama elinye. Yayihlala encinane - indawo yokuqokelela i-myt (umsebenzi) kwabo babedula iinqanawa ngeempahla ukusuka kuMlambo iYauza ukuya eKlyazma.

Namhlanje, kwisayithi kwidolophana yakhula isixeko esiyinkokheli yobunjineli kunye namanye amashishini. Kulapha ukuba iinqwelo zenziwe ngeedrothi, iilori zokulahla, iilin-synthetic, i-linoleum, i-machine-welding kunye nangaphezulu.

Ukongezelela emsebenzini, abahlali baseMytishchi banikezwa ngobomi benkcubeko. Ngoko ke, kukho inkundla yemidlalo yokudlala kunye nomdlalo weqonga lomdlalo kunye nokuhlaziya, kukho izindlu zenkcubeko kunye nokuzonwabisa, imikhosi iqhutywe. Isixeko siyaqhubeka nokukhula kwaye sikhule.

Dzerzhinsky

Ngesihlandlo sokuqala isixeko saseDzerzhinsky sichazwe kwimibandela ye-1360, xa kwindawo yayo yayiseyona idolophana yaseDenisievo, ekukhunjweni kweyiphi izitrato zesixeko. Isithuba sakhe sasisondelelene ne-monastery, eyakhiwe kwiimyalelo zikaDmitry Donskoy ngokuhlonipha ukunqoba kwindoda yaseKukokovo.

Ngenkulungwane ye-20, ukuhlala ngokukhawuleza kwanda kwaba ngumzi wabonga ngenxa yokwakhiwa kweshushu kunye nesityalo. Namhlanje lizixeko ezizizwe ngezizwe (ngaphezu kwezizwe ezili-18), apho abantu abangama-54,000 bahlala khona. Inani elikhulu labameli belizwe ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezincinci ngenxa yenkcitho yokuba ilizwe labantu bevela kwiiRiphabhliki zaseSoviet Union baya kwiindawo ezintsha zokwakha, apho bahlala khona bafumana indlu.

Isixeko saseDzerzhinsky sisezantsi-mpuma ye-capital kunye nesithili sasezidolophini esineendawo zokuhlala.

Pushkino

Ukususela kwimbonakalo yezinto eziphilayo, iPushkino (esifundeni saseMoscow) ingabizwa ngokuba yimpumelelo, kuba, nangona ama shishini ashishino asebenza apho, amahlathi awabhubha apha, izixhobo zamanzi zilungele kwaye ukungcoliswa komhlaba kusemgangathweni.

Yidolophu epholile, ecocekileyo kunye eluhlaza, ikhaya labantu abangaphezu kwe-100,000. Okuthakazelisayo kukuba, nangona kufutshane nendawo eMoscow (30 km), i-60% yabantu abasebenzayo isebenza kwindawo yokuhlala kwaye i-28% kuphela isebenza kwinkunzi.

Enye inzuzo yedolophu yiyunivesithi zayo ezi-5, ezivumela abantu abatsha ukuba bafumane imfundo ngaphandle kokushiya idolophu yabo.