Imbongi Persian kunye Sufi Dzhalaladdin Rumi: A Biography, ubuchule

Dzhalaladdin Rumi - imbongi Persian kunye Sufi, owayephila kwinkulungwane XIII. Kwabaninzi, waziwa phantsi igama Mevlana. Le nomfundisi emcebisayo, ogama imfundiso singezantsi singangumzekelo ukukhula yokuziphatha. Kwi ngobomi kunye nemisebenzi uRhazes enkulu esiza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku.

Yintoni Sufism?

Okokuqala, ngokufutshane isizathu sokuba Rumi uthathwa ukuba ibe yimbongi Sufi. Isibakala sokuba Sufis babebizwa ngabalandeli Sufism, intshukumo Islamic esoteric, nto leyo ebonakala zokomoya eliphezulu, nangokuthobeka kwentliziyo. Kwavela kwinkulungwane VII.

Dzhalaladdin Rumi: biography

Eyazalelwa kuyo imbongi enkulu 1207 r kwisixeko Balkh, leyo yayimi kumantla Afghanistan namhlanje. Bach al-Din Valad, uyise wakhe, waba ngelo zakwalizwi xesha eyaziwa. Wayethi ngumlandeli zokomoya ezizinzululwazi ngokukaTau wodumo Sufi Al-fauzian.

Ngowe-1215, intsapho Valad kunyanzeleke ukuba asabe kwisixeko lokuzalwa kwakhe phantsi, eqamba oluya eMecca. Eneneni ukuba Rumi wayemoyika impindezelo esinokubakho inxalenye Khorezm, ngokuchasene iinkqubo mshumayeli wayesoloko ethetha.

Endleleni eya Rum, abahambi kwakufuneka enze kokuma Nashapure. Apha lonke elo khaya ayedibana weengoma noFiruddin Attar, umshumayeli Sufi odumileyo kunye notitshala. Attar nangoko wabona unyana wakhe Valad isipho amazwi, waza kwangaphambili ikamva enkulu kungekuphela nje yimbongi kodwa nje ngokomoya. Xa ukuhlukana i Rumi UFiruddin oselula thaca esibaluleke kakhulu - ". The Book of Weemfihlelo ' Ekubeni kungekho nto abazahlulayo Jalaluddin akazange ebomini zigcinwa njengoko eqolo.

Nokuthutha kwiGumbi

Kukho ibali olwenzeke eDamasko. Ibn al-Arabi, utitshala Sufi odumileyo ebona Rumi, ngubani ehamba emva kuyise, wathi: "Khangela kwi kolwandle, elandela idike."

Dzhalaladdin Rumi nentsapho yakhe ixesha elide bhadu emva kokuba Balkh. Ekugqibeleni Valad wagqiba ukuba ahlale kwisixeko Konya, ikomkhulu Rum. Kuloo minyaka, lo mzi ube yindawo bonke abo abaleka kuphangwa Mongol esalidlakaza ntsimi Islamic. Ngoko kwakukho eninzi iimbongi, oosonzululwazi, eyimfihlakalo kunye nezenkolo.

Kangangexesha elide wayephila apha Rumi. Yaye kungekudala wayedibana Sufi omnye okhulileyo ogama Shams al-Din, ogama iimbono nefuthe kakhulu ukuyilwa lo mfana. Isenokuba phemba Shams Jalal entliziyweni esibanzi kunazo zonke-uthando limangalisa, apho kamva waba sisiseko kwimibongo yakhe.

Rumi awujonga ukholo kuThixo

Dzhalaladdin Rumi wachitha ixesha elininzi uncokola Shams al-Din, loo nto ayizange nje abalandeli yokuqala. Yaphelela ukuba Shams wagwetywa ukufa kabuhlungu.

usizi Incredible ezehlela Rumi, olahlekelwe ngumntu osondeleyo ngokwabo. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni imbongi kuye kwayinto bazi leyinene ngakumbi. Ekhohlo yedwa intlungu nokufa, imbongi bavakalelwa kukuba kokusesikweni kunye nenkohlakalo. Yena wayeqalisa uthuthumbisa imibuzo ngendlela enobulungisa, onothando ezilungileyo avumele loo ububi ukuba kwenzeke emhlabeni, kuba kuxhomekeka kubo bonke, yaye akukho nto yenzekayo ngaphandle kwentando yakhe.

Ukusuka kwezi iingcinga ngcembe uqalisa ukwakha isiseko ifilosofi Rumi. Le mbongi uyazi ukuba uThixo nto ngaphandle uthando lukaThixo ngemvelo okukhulu overpoweringly. Njengezinye abanamathele Sufism, Rumi isimo esibi kakhulu iingcinga yengqondo. Ngoko ke, akukho akasafuni ukuba imifanekiso, yaye yenza uthelekiso phakathi uthando lukaThixo kunye nemeko ukunxila, nto leyo ekhokelela bethabatheke kukugeza. Rumi wayekholelwa ukuba kuphela ungalawulekiyo oyinyaniso, yaye uye ngaphaya kwemida yesiqhelo kukhokelela umntu kukukwazi lokwenyaniso esivakalayo ukuzikhulula kumakhamandela luqiqo kunye zobuntlola.

Kuphela ukuzithemba oluninzi (iinkqubo zobomi) ubukho angavumela umntu ukuba ubulula inkululeko nobomi niqonde ukuba ubomi kunye yonke into eyenzeka kuyo, kukho imithetho yabo ongaqondakaliyo, oko kukuthi i-logic, kodwa abawuthobeli ingqondo yomntu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuba ufuna uyoyiswa umntu - trust kunye nokwamkelwa into eyenzekayo kuba yintoni na, ngenxa yokuba ingqondo imibuzo, ukuzama ukufumana umzekelo, kuya ukufumana oko kungenangqiqo kuphela, kukho ukubaluleka engcwele kakhulu.

Umbuzo yokuzikhethela

Dzhalaladdin Rumi, incwadi imbongi kuqinisekisiwe, ukucinga nzulu kwi ingxaki yokuzikhethela - nokuba ngamnye kuthi ikamva lakhe, nto leyo ebonisa ubomi bethu, okanye ubomi bomntu - sokubhala blank, apho oko kunokwenzeka ukuba ubhale imbali yayo, ekhokelwa kuphela inkanuko. Noko ke, Rumi wayesazi ukuba akukho mntu wakha nako ukusombulula iingxabano amarhamente kwezi ngongoma lwembono, njengoko ngokuqiqa ubhalo nzima ukufumana impendulo lokwenyaniso. Ngoko ke imbongi babekholelwa ukuba lo mba kufuneka izakususwa kwindawo bengqondo apho "kumanyelwe intliziyo."

Umntu ezele uthando uThixo zidibana elwandle jikelele yobomi. Emva koko, kungakhathaliseki yesenzo osenzileyo, oko akuyi kuba naye, oko kwakuya zivela olwandle. Ngaphandle kokuba ingqalelo ngokwakhe into eyahlukileyo umntu, kusenjalo ngumtshangatshangiso phezu kwamanzi. Kodwa ke kubalulekile ukuba ukujonga ngaphakathi, ukuba emke ngaphandle, baqale ingqalelo kumbindi kunokuba kwimiphetho, uya kuqonda ukuba yonke into ikhona i ebumbene nengxam. Uthando ngokuBanzi zonke iinkalo umntu unako ukuguqula ngamandla ukuba imiba eziye kuye kususela, unyamalale bebodwa. Eqalisa ukuba ubunye ne Ukuba ngokwayo, apho umnika imvakalelo yokuba linokuchazwa ngokuthi "NdinguThixo."

brotherhoods Sufi

Emva kokufa Shams Rumi waba ngumfundisi kwisikolo Muslim. Apha isicelo indlela entsha koqeqesho - esazisa abafundi kwi-Quran, esebenzisa isithethe Sufi.

Okuqhotyoshelwe kubaluleke kakhulu ukucula, ukudanisa nomculo Dzhalaladdin Rumi. imibongo imbongi abonisa umbono wakhe art: umculo kwabonakala kuye zibonisa uncuthu bezigaba zesibhakabhaka, nto leyo ithetha ukuba imfihlelo enkulu yendalo; dance dervish usisimntwiso kumngqungqo iiplanethi, ngokuzalisa iphela ngovuyo losi.

Ngexesha le minyaka, Rumi yenza Sufi abazalwana Maulaviya, apho umseki imfundiso likubona kubaluleke kakhulu. Lo mbutho uya kuqhubeka khona emva kokufa imbongi kunye ngcembe basasazeke Ottoman. Kwamanye amazwe Muslim, ukuba ikhona unanamhla. Abazalwana wamkela umfana lowo, emva kokuba kufuneka siphile eMonastri iminyaka emi-3.

ukufa

Rumi wachitha iminyaka yokugqibela umsebenzi jurisprudential kunye nendalo loncwadi. Imbongi wafa 1273 eneminyaka engama-66 kwisixeko Konya.

Namhlanje Dzhalaladdin Rumi zibonwa ngokukaTau mkhulu lonke ixesha. iimbono zakhe zefilosofi kunye neemfundiso ezisisiseko zazibonakala kwisihobe, apho kokuqwalasela ndlela ifanelekileyo ukuvakalisa umbulelo wenu nothando lukaThixo.

Iimpawu art

Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa kwindawo yokuqala kunjalo Rumi. Lyrical "Divan" iquka iintlobo ntlobo zemibongo Rubaie, namabhadi, qasida. Wathi kubo ingcamango yexabiso ubomi babantu kunye icala Wakhanyela, Zingenazithethe scholasticism Rumi Dzhalaladdin. "Lo mbongo malunga intsingiselo efihlakeleyo", inxalenye nengqokelela "Masnavi", abaninzi ngokucacileyo yabonisa ezi ngcamango.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imibongo zabhalwa sikhokelo yimibono zonqulo, badla ngokuba mazwi wotshitsho, kunye nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi iindimbane.

"Masnavi"

Hayi kudala wabonakala ezishelfini kwincwadi ethi "Ndlela zinguquko. imizekeliso Sufi "(Dzhalaladdin Rumi). Kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba oku akuthethi imveliso enye, kodwa kuphela inxalenye lo amaqhawe-didactic umbongo enkulu, uniko manani, iivesi malunga 50,000, ekuthiwa "Masnavi". Le nguqulelo lithetha "couplet".

Kulo msebenzi, ngokohlobo namabali esisilumkiso kwaye uphuma ombambazelayo kwaye preachy Rumi washumayela iingcamango zakhe. "Masnavi" xa lilonke ingabizwa encyclopedia of Sufism.

Kulo mbongo, akukho ibali elinye. Kodwa onke amabali umanyaniswe imo enye, nto leyo obubonakaliswa couplets yiRhymed, abaneminyaka kwi isingqisho efanayo.

"Masnavi" yenye yezona ncwadi ukufunda ngokubanzi kwaye ohlonitshwayo emhlabeni Muslim. Njengoko uncwadi lwehlabathi, lo mbongo wazisa Rumi isihloko lexikulu imbongi-pantheist.

Dzhalaladdin Rumi: kuchaphulo olu

Nazi embalwa kuchaphulo olu imbongi:

• "Sizalelwe iza kuwe. Kutheni kufuneka ukukhasa ukuba ophilayo? ".
• "Ungakhathazeki. Zonke abalahlekileyo baya kubuyela kuwe ezisithele eyahlukileyo. "
• "Ukuphinda amazwi kwabanye akuthethi ukuba ukuqonda intsingiselo yazo."

Nangona kwinkulungwane edluleyo, izibongo nefilosofi of Rumi iyaqhubeka axhamle ithandwa enkulu kungekuphela phakathi kweentlanga Muslim, kodwa yaseYurophu.