Imbewu ikonofile, nini ukuba batyale baze ukuba zikhule njani?

Ikonofile sisityalo imifuno ethandwayo iintlanga ezininzi zehlabathi. yokuthandwa kwayo, kungenxa incasa esibukhali kwaye incasa yokuqala. Le inkcubeko buyafuneka ekhitshini, ngoko begadi engahlawulwayo rhoqo utyelwe kwaye luba ezibhedini zawo. Ngenxa isityalo esomeleleyo kubola ngayo lendlele ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu amayeza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imbewu kunye cloves neekinofile.

types of amasiko

Kwindalo, kukho iintlobo ezimbini ngalo mfuno, kuquka umthombo (nestrelkuyuschiesya) kunye zasebusika (Utolo kunye nestrelkuyuschiesya). Musa ukunika utolo iintlobo ukuze umtshato amazinyo kuphela utolo ekuqaleni kwezibane zasehlotyeni banikwa uphum 'aphele phakathi amathupha seentyatyambo salo, eyenziwe ngexesha elinye-ukuyilwa bulbochek (iziqwenga maxa wambi nkqu ukuya ku-50), kunye neentyatyambo. Iziseko ezinjalo ezifanayo amazinyo onamaqhakuva.

Xa utyala imbewu KFile

Le isityalo yohlukile kwezinye iinkcubeko ngenxa yokuba ezinokutyalwa ekwindla emthonjeni. Kwimeko yokuqala ibizwa izityalo zasebusika, kunye yesibini - ngaphandle emthonjeni. Kumazwe ebandayo, uninzi emifuno utyalwe ekwindla, kwaye ashushu - entwasahlobo. Kwimeko yokuqala, amazinyo uye nzulu umhlaba sele imila kancinane. Spring into osusi- kufuneka wenziwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. In oyinto - umhlaba kufuneka koma nasemva linyibilike ikhephu. Kuphela kulo mzekelo, ungafumana intloko entle kakhulu.

Ukukhulisa imifino cloves

Le ndlela yeyona idumileyo. Kwaye indlela akhule KFile imbewu? Ukuze wenze oku, kuqala kufuneka ukhethe indawo ekunene. ingqalelo Best phantsi iibhedi inkcubeko emva iimbotyi, iikomkomere ikhaphetshu, okubi - emva iitapile kunye itswele. Ukutyala isityalo KFile kwi ndawo enye bayacetyiswa kuphela emva kweminyaka 3-4.

Phambi ukuhlalisa emhlabeni kufuneka wenze lokunxibela (mabethunana umgquba okanye isichumiso). Oku kufuneka kwenziwe kwi ekwindla. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela iibhalbhu kakuhle ukuba sihlale, susa onakeleyo nokuzikhupha. Oku kwenziwa sele phambi emhlabeni. Watyala imifuno malunga inyanga phambi kwengqele sizingise. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkcubeko kwafuneka ixesha kwendelisela iingcambu, kodwa akazange anikezele izithole.

Indlela zokutyala izityalo

Ukuze ekutyaleni KFile yi imbewu ngempumelelo kwixesha elizayo, ufuna ukulungiselela umandlalo iveki. Oku kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba akanalo ixesha kuwa (amazinyo emhlabeni ekrwada ukulungisa anzongonzongo kakhulu). Isithuba phakathi kwamazinyo kufuneka ubuncinane 8-10 cm, isithuba phakathi kwemigca -. 40-50 cm emva kokutyala ilizwe ugqibelele ukuba sifunxe kwimbuphu yesarha okanye umgquba njengoko yemifuno ngcono kusinda iqabaka. Noko ke, ukuba ubusika nobubele kwaye enkulu kakhulu, ungenza ngaphandle ngumgubo.

Spring ukutyala ayikho eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka ebusika, oko yi kuphela uqi kubunzulu obumalunga-5 cm, kunye nomgama phakathi kwemiqolo - 25-30 cm.

ukunakekela

Ukulinywa lwembewu KFile lwenzeka ngaphandle luninzi, yamanzi ingakumbi ngemihla. esasidla wayo - 1 ixesha ngeentsuku 6-7. Ukunkcenkceshelwa yokuqala ikhutshwa phandle ngaxeshanye isichumiso ekupheleni kuka-Epreli okanye kokufika kaMeyi. Le yokuvundisa yesibini kwenziwa ngoJuni, yaye kwiiveki 2-3 ngaphambi kokuvuna kufuneka izaliswe.

Xa emifuno-form iintolo (inxenye kubo avunyelwe ukuba ugcine iimbewu), kufuneka zisuswe. Kwaye oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngobunono ukuze bonakalise nemifuno. Musa ukulibala malunga esusa ngexesha, kuba ikonofile, njengaye nawuphi na isityalo, uthanda inkululeko. Ngoko ke, ukhula kwi iibhedi akufanele.

Indlela yokutyala inkcubeko imbewu

Nokuzalana imbewu igalikhi (ibhalbhu) ithathwa enye yeendlela eziphambili ukufumana iimbewu umgangatho izinto, kuzo izifo yemifuno ezahlukeneyo. Bambi bade ngokukhethekileyo eyomeleza ibhalbhu ukuba clove enye enkulu. Ukuze kulinywe zazo kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubhenela enye ngeendlela ezimbini: ukutyala entlakohlaza okanye ebusika. Ubukhulu becala, isiphumo efanayo, ngaphandle ukuba ubusika iya kuba lilikhulu kancinci nje Iibhalbhu.

Indlela yokulungiselela kokufika

Inyathelo lokuqala kukwazi ngcono ukuba ukufumana indlela Iibhalbhu kulindeleke. Siya kuqala kufuneka kunqanyulelwa iintolo izityalo zasebusika, kodwa ukuba ukuvuthwa kakuhle. Sam imifuno liphuma ngoMatshi kwaye ukuyilwa kwento inkitha iintolo ukuya ekupheleni kuka May.

Sika itolo into elungileyo kunye ukufika ngoJuni, njengoko eli xesha egqibeleleyo iimbewu KFile ubusika iphume ngokukhululekileyo, kunye nenkcubeko ngokwayo lalilikhulu ubukhulu. Kuba quality bulbochek iintolo kufuneka kunqunyulwa ndaweni kufutshane ekupheleni kukaJuni, emva th 20. Le film xesha, kwasekwa phantsi apho iibhalbhu umoya, ndiwatshise zonakalisa - oku kube ngumqondiso ukususa neziqu. Ekupheleni intswelo yabo ukuze yome ngokupheleleyo emthunzini. Ibhalbhu zingagcinwa iminyaka emi-2, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa iimpawu zayo.

Njengoko isityalo KFile evela shooter imbewu

Phambi kokuqala kwezibane yokutyala kufuneka ufumane umoya ngaphandle yokudubula yi komkhulu. Imbewu kufuneka kwenziwe ukususela ngowe-7 Septemba ukuya kwi-15 Oktobha. Ngo Julayi kunyaka olandelayo kuzo zonke iintlobo bulbochek odnozubka umthamo omkhulu, nto leyo eya kuba izithole kakhulu ukuba inkcubeko yokutyala phambi nobusika, ukuze ukwazi yokutyala itswele enkulu.

Okokuqala, ukudala nasentshonalanga zokulinywa bulbochek emifuno nama-12-15 cm ubude kwaye 90 cm ububanzi. Umhlaba ilungisiwe ngendlela ilandelayo:

• 1 macala onke. m ukwenza 3-4 kg wamatye okanye umgquba kunye 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate;
• bonke dig phezulu kwaye level emhlabeni phezu ezililini;
• ngoko phambi iibhedi ukwenza ingoma kubunzulu ka 3-4 cm;
• emathambekeni ekhefu interm kufuneka-10 cm;
• ibhalbhu kufuneka sibekwe kukho umsantsa kwi lekhefu 1-2 cm omnye komnye;
• ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ukufihla ingaoma kwaye ushiye umhlaba ngenxa ebusika.

Ukuba ukuba ubusika, singakwazi kufuma ezindimeni esisesweni maleko 2-3 cm. Kuthi kwakufika intwasahlobo, xa umhlaba zinyibilikisiwe, uthuli kufuneka isuswe. Ngoku, ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba abaninzi baqonde xa ukutyala imbewu KFile.

ukunakekela

Ukuze isityalo akukho emkhenkceni akukho onakele, Zimm kwimijelo kufuneka sibe khona ikhephu. Ukuba ufumana nobusika ikhephu encinane, kufuneka ehlohla ikhephu nefolokhwe egadini kunye nemifuno. Emva koko entwasahlobo, xa ikhephu nomkhe-, ngoko nangoko babonakala isivuno.

Ukuba emthonjeni cishe akukho mvula, igalikhi kufuneka ukuba amanzi. isityalo Young iimfuno kunye isichumiso emva kokwenza ukuba kubalulekile ukwenza ziba ngcono. Ixesha lokuqala kufuneka nitrophosphate ukondla imifuno (15 g 1 macala M. nganye.) Xa phakathi ku-Apreli, isichumiso yesibini - ammophoska (idosi enye) kuqaliswa ngoJuni, inyathelo kwezibane.

inkcubeko Khangela zokunkcenkceshela kuthatha iiveki ezi-3 ngaphambi kokuvuna. NgoJuni, kuya kufuneka ukuba kunqunyulwa izityalo kunye notolwana olujonge, lisibekele imveliso. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe xa kufikwa ukuphakama 5-8 cm. Iintolo musa ndaxhwitha, kwaye ngobunono ndoyidiliza phantsi sheet yesithathu ukuze umonakalo iimbewu begalikhi ebusika.

Thathela ingqalelo emifuno ebalaseleyo bactericidal ethile, oko ukuhlalisa kufutshane kwezinye izityalo ukunqanda izifo.

ukuvunwa

Bagubhe iibhalbhu kufuneka emva kubuna ¾ amagqabi embilwini. izityalo zasebusika ngokuqhelekileyo ayivuthwa ekupheleni kukaJulayi. Dig imifuno emva tyheli isiseko inxalenye kweemaleko asezantsi. Kwangaphambili ukukhangela umhlaba kufuneka zisuswe 2-3 iintloko begalikhi. Iibhalbhu kufuneka ngokwaneleyo kuphuhliswa ijiye. Ukuvuna lwenziwa pitchforks, ngokuhuka ngentlama lomhlaba kunye zesityalo kwaye zinamandla okuwisa ngaphandle ngesandla.

Bagubhe imifuno yayifuneka iiyure ezimbalwa ukwambatha ubude emityinweni okusula. Lungisa amagqabi nangoko akukho mfuneko yokuba bakwazi ukutyala imbewu begalikhi kunyaka ozayo. Abathathi-nxaxheba belukuyo utolo kufuneka kunqunyulwa. Yaye amagqabi ngokwabo kukuncwina emva iyoma.

Xa inkcubeko, enzelwe ukusetyenziswa kweli ukutya, iingcambu ziyasuswa. begadi abanamava bakholelwa ukuba isityalo ekunene kwi emhlabeni underexpose ngaphezu overexpose. iibhalbhu underripe nje ngokupheleleyo nga zivuthwe emva kokubancothula, overripe kuwa nje ngaphandle ngamazinyo wabasindisa mbi kakhulu.

Principles of imifino

Xa imbewu KFile yezityalo, ngoku kwacaca ukuba abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sijonge phandle ukuba zikhule njani inkcubeko Wamnika inala yesivuno. Ukuze wenze oku, kukho izinto ezimbalwa iincam luncedo:

1. Okokuqala, ukuze uhlawulele emihle ibhalbhu. Ukuze ezi njongo, amagqabi itolo kwezinye izityalo ezivela cloves inkulu. Eziqwini ezishiyekileyo kufuneka ikhefu mandatory off ukwandisa isixa iintloko KFile. isikhombisi sasekhohlo ekuqaleni ejijekileyo waziva. Unbend baya kuba ngamnye kunye eqondisa lokugqibela kuzikhweba ukulungela yayo ukuba kuvunwe.

Phantsi ingqokelela ibhekisela entloko kunye nemifuno ibhalbhu. Xa isivuno ligcinwe inkcubeko nasici. Ukubaleka ukutsala ndawonye iqela uze uyixhome kwi eliphezulu ukuba zome iiveki 3-4. izinto zeplastiki evela amagqabi kunye Namagatya ukungena ibhalbhu kunye bulb, ukwandisa umthamo wabo. Emva omiswe, intloko ebhalbhu kufuneka kwahlulwa ukwenzela ukuba i-akukho yonakele. Ukuba yaphulwe, ngoko akukho kuphinda kutyalwa imbewu KFile.

2. osusi- bulbochek Lungisa. Ukuvunyelwa ukuba ubatyale ukuwa emthonjeni. Ukuba izicwangciso ziquka ukutyala ndiyabiza kwentwasahlobo, iibhedi kufuneka ulungiselele ukususela ekwindla, njengoko ukumba nabo ngo-Apreli iya kuba nzima kunene.

Xa ukutyala ekwindla bulbochek kukho ithuba yovalo wengqolowa, ngoxa abanye bangazifumana phezu komhlaba. imbewu ezinjalo acudisiweyo yi iqabaka. Entlakohlaza kufuneka ingontsi emva emhlabeni. Ngexesha entwasahlobo ohlwayela ingxaki rhoqo iyoma up kwezinye iindawo bulbochek imbewu ukulima KFile kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba nzima. Kubaluleke kakhulu kuya kuba njani na ibhalbhu zigcinwe ebusika.

Phambi kokuba kutyalwe imbewu ehleliweyo zabo kwibala lobushushu hayi ngaphezulu kwe-5 degrees iinyanga 1-1.5. Kuba oku kakubi, kwaye nefriji. Kungenjalo, imifuno ziya kujika eluhlaza, yaye siqhubeke ukuba abunjwe phambi kokuphela ekwindla.

3. Ngelo xesha lokuvuna. Igalikhi dig xa Amagqabi aqalisa ukuba tyheli. Oku kwenzeka ethile embindini ka-Agasti. Sam imifuno womisa iintsuku 3-4 elangeni, kude umbethe. Emva koko ukudibanisa isityalo ngamalunda, ndiyitshise elisezantsi kophahla. Odnozubki abe ukutyala izinto ekrwada iphawuleka ukuvunwa ukuwa wanikela intloko enkulu.

Ngenxa yoko, nathi ngokukhuselekileyo ithathwe ngenxa ukugaleleka ngalo mfuno luncedo. Ngenxa yokuba ngoku wonke umntu uyazi apho ukuhlwayela imbewu begalikhi.