Imbali yayo indalo "Eugene Onegin", uhlalutyo imveliso

Imbali yayo indalo "Eugene Onegin" - "isiqhamo ingqondo nentliziyo ngengqele ukugcina isaziso sad" - an obalaseleyo Russian engasoze Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym ayikhangeleki njenge blitzkrieg. Wobuciko wadala imbongi kwindaleko, yokumakisha kokuhluma yayo ngendlela ngokoqobo. A inoveli kwivesi njengesiganeko kwi obugcisa isenzeko ekhethekileyo. Ngaphambi koko, kuncwadi ehlabathini yayibhalwe uhlobo enye, Togu enye kuphela - umsebenzi zothando George Gordon Byron kaThixo "Don Juan".

Umbhali wakhetha zesimo

Pushkin waya eliNgesi omkhulu - ngokoqobo. Ngeli xesha, imbongi ubekele usukelo - ukubonisa umntu ukuba abe ngumnxibelelanisi kuphuhliso olungaphezulu yaseRashiya. Alexander, ukwabelana ngezimvo ye Decembrists, waqonda ukuba ilizwe omkhulu kufanele ngathi kaloliwe, kunye umendo isiphelo ofileyo-ezakhokelela lonke uluntu enengxaki systemic.

Imbali yayo indalo "Eugene Onegin" lichazwa Titanic umsebenzi zemibongo kwithuba ukususela ngoMeyi 1823 ukuya kuSeptemba 1830 kwi reinterpretation ezinobuchule ubunyani Russian kwekota yokuqala kwinkulungwane XIX. I inoveli kwivesi kwenzeka kulo amanqanaba amane uyilo Alexander Pushkin: amakhonkco emazantsi (. 1820 - 1824 gg), Ukuba 'non-yedwa eshiya ilifa Mikhailovskoye "(1824 - 1826 gg.), Ixesha emva ikhonkco -, (1826 1830 gg.) boldins (1830)

AS Pushkin kaThixo "Eugene Onegin": imbali yendalo

Young Pushkin, owaphumelela i-Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, ngamagama loMlawuli Alexander I, «Russia igcwale yemibongo ezimbi", waqalisa ukubhala inoveli yakhe azive elubhacweni e Chisinau (enkosi kuMoses, abahlobo ababeze eSiberia iye ziphetshwe). Ngeli xesha yena isithixo lolutsha Russian abafundileyo.

Ngoko ke, ndizabalazela ukuba ukudala umfanekiso hero ixesha lakhe. Xa umsebenzi wakhe, yena kabuhlungu bafuna impendulo yombuzo kufuneka ibe yintoni yenethiwekhi iingcamango ezintsha, uMdali laseRashiya entsha.

Imeko yezentlalo noqoqosho kweli lizwe

Qwalasela imeko yezentlalo apho kwinoveli zadalwa. IRussia waphumelela kule 1812 imfazwe. Oku umfutho elibalulekileyo nomnqweno uluntu inkululeko evela amakhamandela wobukhosi. Okokuqala bonke abantu ndiyilangazelela ukupheliswa serfdom. Ingaba inkululeko yakhe ekugqibeleni kuqulathe mda kwamagunya kumkani. Senziwe kwangoko emva kwemfazwe, uluntu oonogada amagosa ngo-1816 e-St Petersburg zenza Decembrist "Union of usindiso." ziququzelelwe "Union weNtlalontle" ngo-1818 eMoscow. Decembrists, le mibutho ziye ngenkuthalo negalelo ukuyilwa uluvo loluntu silinene, wamlinda mzuzu elifanelekileyo lokuba ubhedu. Phakathi Decembrists kwakukho ixesha elininzi nabahlobo Pushkin kaThixo. Yena babelana nathi ngeembono zabo.

Russia yayisele kwilizwe eyaziwayo yaseYurophu elinabemi abantu malunga nezigidi ezingama-40 phakathi kwayo zavuthwa amahlumelo capitalism karhulumente. Noko ke, ubomi noqoqosho nangoku uzimisele zakuqala feudalism, landowning yeengcungcu kunye neklasi merchant. La maqela ezentlalo, kancane ubunzima yoluntu, sisengama enamandla wasebenzisa ukuphembelela ubomi kurhulumente, ukwandisa ubudlelwane feudal kweli lizwe. Ukuba babeyixhasa uluntu eyakhelwe kwimigaqo Catherine kaThixo lixesha amanene ezendeleyo eRashiya ngenkulungwane XVIII.

Kwakukho iimpawu uphawu le zentlalo ubunzima kwezoqoqosho yoluntu lonke. Ilizwe inabantu abaninzi abafundileyo abakuqondayo ukuba iimfuno zophuhliso kufuna utshintsho ezinkulu guqula. Imbali yayo indalo "Eugene Onegin" lwaqalisa nenzondo lobuqu ezingqonge imbongi, ngamagama alowo Aleksandra Nikolaevicha Ostrovskogo, "ubukumkani emnyama"

Yeyiphi wavuka emva kokuba ukukhawulezisa eyomeleleyo enikwe yi Peter I, kunye uthsintsho ebudeni bolawulo uKumkanikazi uCatherine II, eRashiya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX kwathotha phantsi isantya sophuhliso. Ngexesha lokubhala, inoveli odumileyo Pushkin kweli lizwe lalingekafiki bakwaloliwe, nkqu imilambo yawo musa iflowuthi iinqanawa, amawaka-waka abantu bayo wokukhuthala aneziphiwo zaye ebotshiwe iinyawo kwiqhina serfdom.

Imbali "evgeniya Onegina" kuhlangene ne imbali Russia ngenkulungwane XIX ekuqaleni.

esigaba Onegin

Nge ingqalelo ekhethekileyo Alexander, 'Russian uMozart izibongo ", waphendula Nasenkonzweni yakhe. uye waba uthotho olutsha vesi ngqo ukubhala inoveli kwivesi.

Ngoko ke, la amagama njengomlambo ayikho simahla, yaye structured. Yonke imiqolo elinesine Iambic Tetrameter enxulumene ingakumbi Onegin vesi. Kule imvano-ngokungaguqukiyo kuyo yonke inoveli, yaye imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: CCddEffEgg (apho oonobumba imele neziphelo ngobufazi nasezantsi - eyindoda).

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, imbali "Eugene Onegin" inoveli - libali kwendalo le Onegin kwisitanza. Oko iphumelele Kwiivesi umbhali uyaphumelela emsebenzini wakhe ukwenza analogu amacandelo iprozi kunye izahluko esuka isifundo omnye komnye, ukutshintsha isimbo ntetho iingcinga ukuya sophuhliso sesizwe zesakhiwo sebali. Ngoko ke, umbhali uyila umbono engxoxweni ekhululekile kunye umfundi.

Roman - "ingqokelela izahluko motley"

Yintoni ebangela ukuba abantu ukuba babhale imisebenzi kwisizukulwana bakhe ezweni lokuzalwa kwakhe? Kutheni xa banikwa lo msebenzi ngokupheleleyo, ukusebenza njengokungathi bangenwe?

Imbali i "Eugene Onegin" inoveli ekuqaleni subordinated kumbhali: ukwenza inoveli kwivesi, akhiwa 9 izahluko ezahlukeneyo. phezu imisebenzi ziingcali Alexander Sergeyevich bayibiza "ixesha evulekileyo" ngenxa yokuba ngalinye intloko yayo - ezizimeleyo, kwaye, xa logic yayo yangaphakathi ukugqibezela lo msebenzi, nangona baqhubeka kwisahluko esilandelayo. owayephila ngexesha lakhe - Russian uncwadi uNjingalwazi uNikolay Ivanovich Nadezhdin - inkcazelo classical wanikwa "evgeniya Onegina" kungekhona imveliso kunye isakhiwo engqongqo ubhalo, kodwa kunoko, njengoko abathile izibongo yamanqaku kuzaliswa ngqo oqaqambileyo luhlaza rainbow kwetalente.

Malunga izahluko yenoveli

Izahluko ze "Eugene Onegin" epapashwe ukususela ngo-1825 ukuya 1832. njengoko kubhaliweyo kwaye yapapashwa anthologies loncwadi kunye neemagazini. Bona babelindele, ngamnye kubo uba isiganeko yokwenene kubomi benkcubeko Russia.

Noko ke, omnye wabo azinikele uhambo ophambili ukuya yokuhlala emkhosini kufuphi Odessa pier equlethe ukugweba ngokufanelekileyo, umbhali ngehlazo bakhetha ukurhoxisa ukuze uphephe impindezelo nxamnye baze emva koko watshabalalisa ngqangi yayo kuphela.

Nje umsebenzi awunikwe ngokupheleleyo, kamva wasebenza phezu kwakhe "Gqirha Zhivago" Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, kananjalo wabhala esizukulwaneni sakhe Mihail Aleksandrovich Sholohov. Pushkin ngokwakhe wabiza kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama esixhenxe lomsebenzi kule inoveli kwivesi feat.

ophambili

Inkcazelo evgeniya Onegina, ngokutsho uncwadi, ukhumbuza umntu uPetros Yakovlevich Chaadaev - umbhali "Iileta zefilosofi". Oku umlinganiswa othile kunye namandla enamandla, nto leyo nqgo licebo kwinoveli iwabonakalalise ngokwabo nabanye abalinganiswa. Pushkin wabhala ngaye njenge "umhlobo olungileyo." Eugene wafumana imfundo wezinto wabanumzana, azisekelwanga ngokupheleleyo 'Russian ukulunga. " Kwaye nangona ulitshisileyo abukhali, kodwa ingqondo ebandayo, yena kukukhanya umntu alandelayo izimvo ezithile kunye nomkhethe. Ubomi evgeniya Onegina inqabileyo. Kwelinye icala, oko yayintsha indlela zehlabathi, yena kabukhali undigxeka kubo; nangapha - oko kuxhomekeke yimpembelelo yayo. Le hero ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba esebenzayo, kunokuba kuba neliso ekrelekrele.

Ibonisa umfanekiso Onegin

ngomfanekiso wakhe - buhlungu. Okokuqala, akaba nako ukuma uvavanyo lothando. Eugene wamphulaphula sizathu, kodwa intliziyo yakhe. Noko ke, akazange ngembeko, ngentlonelo wabhekisela Tatiana, enika ukuba aqonde ukuba akanakwazi ukuyithanda.

Okwesibini, akaba nako ukuma siqinile ubuhlobo. Zokucwangcisa, ngomhlobo wakhe, inkwenkwana eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala romantic Lensky, yena sivele ilandela ngongoma yokukhanya. Ubonakala ukuba bamqumbise ehloniphekile zloyazychie endala duelist isono Zaretsky kunokuba ayeke ingxabano osisiyatha ngokupheleleyo Vladimir. Hi ndlela leyi, abaphengululi Pushkin, izazinzulu zikholelwa namatakane Kuchelbecker prototype Lena.

Tatiana Larina

Ukusetyenziswa igama Tatiana e kwinoveli Eugene Onegin yaba ukwazi evela Pushkin. Eneneni, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX, lo gama yayigqalwa anento yokwenza ayoyakho awungeni ndawo. Ngaphezu koko, ebumnyameni-iinwele, iyingqombela, enentsingiselo, unsociable, ayizange ezingangeniyo kwihlabathi siseko ubuhle. Tatiana (ezifana umbhali kwinoveli) wayemthanda iintsomi, apho ngesisa waxelela unesi. Noko ke, ukutshiseka kwakhe ekhethekileyo iincwadi zokufunda.

abalinganiswa I inoveli yakhe

Ngaphandle sebali-abalinganiswa ngentla engundoqo eya komfundi ezizisekondari. Ezi inoveli "Eugene Onegin" imifanekiso ezizo sebali, kodwa ezihlobeneyo oko. Le Tatiana kaThixo dade Olga, nenekazi engenanto socialite, leyo wayethandana Vladimir Lensky. Umfanekiselo umongikazi Tatiana, ingcaphephe ngayo iintsomi, ine i proto ezicacileyo - umongikazi ka-Alexander Sergeyevich, Arina Rodionovna. Enye hero nameless yenoveli yinto entsha Tatyanoy Larinoy emva amathe nomyeni wakhe Evgeniem Oneginym - "enkulu-jikelele".

Inginginya abaqeshisi ukuba ingeniswe kwi Roman Pushkina lwezinye ezakudala Russian. Lo Skotinin ( "Oaf" Fonvizin), kunye nakulwa ( "abamelwane eziyingozi" V. L. Pushkina).

yemilwelwe

Indumiso kakhulu Alexander Pushkin waye enikwa yi kwisahluko sokuqala "evgeniya Onegina" ngumntu, apho imbongi ingqalelo utitshala wakhe - Vasiliem Andreevichem Zhukovskim. Uluvo waba laconic kunene: "Wena - wokuqala kwi-Russian Parnassus ..."

inoveli Encyclopedic kwindinyana ukuboniswa kakuhle ubunyani Russian ye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX, iye yabonisa indlela yobomi, iimpawu, indima kwezentlalo amacandelo ohlukileyo oluntu: St.-Petersburg amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu, zithandwa eMoscow, abanini, abanini kunye nabalimi. Mhlawumbi kunjalo, kodwa ngenxa ebandakanya ebhityileyo umboniso Pushkin yakhe emsebenzini, imilinganiselo, izithethe, isimo sengqondo, kwaneendlela elo xesha umgxeki zoncwadi Vissarion Belinsky wanikela inkcazelo ebanzi enjalo 'yomsebenzi naye zithandwa kakhulu "kunye" Russian Encyclopedia of Life. "

Pushkin ufuna ukutshintsha isakhiwo sebali

Imbali yayo indalo "Eugene Onegin" - lo nasekusungulweni wembongi oselula, obeyithabathe iminyaka engama-23 ngenxa yomsebenzi ehlabathini. Kwaye Ukuba iprozi amahlumelo ezinjalo sele baba (khumbula incwadi epapashwe lenqubo Aleksandra Radischeva "Journey ukusuka St. Petersburg ukuya eMoscow"), lo ngokoqobo kwisihobe ngelo xesha ezintsha ukuqina.

Isicwangciso lokugqibela imisebenzi yabunjwa kuphela ngumbhali 1830. Waba nexhala ne cuba. Ukwenza uzive yemveli eqinileyo indalo yakhe, Alexander wagqiba ukuthumela okanye evgeniya Onegina kulwa eCaucasus, okanye ukuyicima kungena Decembrists. Kodwa Eugene Onegin - iqhawe yenoveli kwivesi - owadalwa Pushkin e ngempefumlelo mnye, njengoko 'ingqokelela kwezahluko motley ", yaye oku charm yayo.

isiphelo

"Eugene Onegin" yimveliso yeyokuqala ezimbalini kwinoveli olusengqiqweni Russian kule vesi. It is a yimbalasane kwinkulungwane XIX. Le noveli kuye kwaqatshelwa yi noluntu kakhulu ethandwayo. inkcazelo Encyclopedic nendlu Russian ezikufutshane apho kunye nobuciko eliphezulu.

Noko ke, ngokutsho abagxeki, umlinganiswa ophambili kule noveli nangoku ayikho Onegin, nombhali lo msebenzi. Le onesimilo akukho imilo article. Olu hlobo ndawo eyimfama ukuba umfundi.

Alexander usebenza amacebo itekisi ikhonkco, esithi ukuba "Ayize nakanye North", njl Pushkin ukho ngokungabonakaliyo kuyo yonke imisebenzi, lushwankathela ngentsini umfundi, ovuselela ibali. kuchaphulo olu yakhe ibetha isikhonkwane entloko.

Isiphetho wayalela ukuba uAleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin waphononongwa uhlelo lwesibini epheleleyo inoveli yakhe kwindinyana ngowe-1937 (lokuqala ngo-1833), sele ngoncwino longxwelerhiweyo kwi-Black River kufuphi yomyezo-ngqwayi leyo. Ukujikeleziswa 5000 iikopi izicwangciso ukuthengisa unyaka wonke. Noko ke, abafundi baye wayithenga kangangeveki. Xa ezakudala elizayo uncwadi Russian, elinye ixesha lakhe, waqhubeka uphendlo creative of Alexander. Bonke bephela, ukuzama ukwenza ligorha ngexesha lakhe. Kwaye uMikhail Lermontov kumfanekiso Grigoriya Aleksandrovicha Pechorina ( "Hero of Ixesha Wethu"), kunye Ivan Goncharov kumfanekiso Ili Oblomova ...