Imbali lwalunjani Bern

Yintoni na oyaziyo kwisixeko Bern (Switzerland)? Zendawo uhlobo yayo emangalisayo, legends ezinxulumene nazo, fakela imibala eqaqambileyo. Yintoni eyayibangela ukuba igama le dolophu? Yintoni imbali imvelaphi yayo, kwaye kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo kubonwe kulo mzi - konke oku uya kufunda kweli nqaku.

Berne

Igama nomzi likomkhulu Switzerland kunye iziko lolawulo Canton. Le ibekwe kwicala langasentla Alps kwi ngakumlambo Aare, kummandla omkhulu eSwitzerland.

Uhlala apha abantu malunga 140 amawaka. Bern - iziko engundoqo yemali kunye nezopolitiko, njengokuba apha ibekwe zonke izakhiwo zikarhulumente ezibalulekileyo yibhanki eyongameleyo eSwitzerland.

Kukho amabali amabini igama "Bern". Owokuqala uthetha kwamaqabane kunye elithi "athwale» (Bar) - izilwanyana, apho umseki Berne wabulala ukuzingelwa lokuqala kwezi ndawo. Okwesibini - it odibanisa igama Verona, Italy, njengoko isixeko owayesaziwa nolwalamano olusondeleyo kunye namaNenekazi of Verona. Okwesithathu, hypothesis kungenzeka kakhulu kukuba ilivo uthetha igama Celtic "intaba» (bren), apho kamva nje lungisa oonobumba.

History of the dolophu

Intsimi of Bern mihla wawuhlala kwinkulungwane II izizwe BC Celtic. Emva koko ke yamandulo samaRoma waba kule ndawo. Ngo-1191 ababesaya kuba liTshawe neTshawekazi Berthold V waseka isixeko Bern. Duke akazange ziindlalifa kunye namazwe akhe agqitha Frederick II ukuhamba - umlawuli oyiNgcwele bonke uBukhosi baseRoma. Ebuya wabonakala ubume mzi zabalawuli.

Yaye ngenkulungwane XIII, ingqele ilungelo self-government, ngenxa ziimonki ezingamanga uxwebhu "Golden Charter of Bern." Lo Mqulu ithi malunga nemeko isixeko komlawuli kunye namalungelo yayo enkulu.

Ngowe-1353 Bern yaba yinxalenye Swiss "Union ezisibhozo lizwe." Nangona kunjalo, akukho kokuvumelana kunye ezimanyumnyezi onjalo, ngokubonakalayo wayezithethelela amalungelo engama-35, emva koko kunjalo yafumana inkululeko, ukuba koyena esiluhlaza isixeko-karhulumente.

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Bern, inkcazo

Kufuneka wathi umfanekiso lebhere uyinxenye yesixeko. Uye kudala waba isafobe imbali of Bern, yaye ezinxulumene naye kwebali ekusekweni zokuhlala. Le ndawo yemifuziselo kwalo mzi ekuthiwa-Bear Pit okanye Berengraben. Le ipaki elihle umsele iisimboli ephilileyo of Bern abahlala kuzo.

Ikomkhulu Switzerland udla ngokubizwa ngokuba sisiXeko Imithombo. Kukho ngaphezu kwama-100, yaye uninzi nangoku kwinkulungwane XVI. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, olu izinto ezininzi umdla Bern. Bona ekuqaleni zakhiwa njengomthombo wamanzi, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha baqalisa ukudlala indima loyilo yobuhle kwezitalato isixeko - ngamnye kubo ubalisa ibali eyahlukileyo.

Osendleleni imbeko kokusekwa isixeko yenziwe ngohlobo oqingqiweyo Berthold e isikrweqe kumaxesha, oluhlala iinyawo ibhere. Ukususela kubakhenkethi ukwazi uya andahexa litshe ithende Runner kufuphi Nideggskoy Church, Standard Umphathi, kufutshane kwiholo yedolophu, kwakunye umthombo kukaMoses imithetho ezandleni zakhe, nokuba emthonjeni hero yeBhayibhile - Samson.

Ukuqwalasela ezinomtsalane eziyintloko isixeko Bern, musa ukulibala ukuba ayiphakamise intloko yakhe, yaye - phezu lwefacade lwezakhiwo ngokuqinisekileyo kukho imifanekiso ezihlekisayo, engumqondiso imisebenzi ugqatso unokwakhela kwabahlali owayesakuba yezindlu.

endala

Ngowe-1405 Bern kabuhlungu zokutshiswa ngumlilo. Ukwakha isixeko kugqityezelwe XVII, ekubeni apha kwaye kukho imithombo kunye Iiveranda. Usuku imbonakalo yangoku eyinkunzi phantse asiguqukanga, yaye ngowe-1983 lo mbutho UNESCO igunya lokugcina akhulise iziko yezembali, apho kukho phantse zonke lwalunjani Bern.

Straight ukusuka esitishini kwiziko zingamakhamandela street Shpitalgasse, Marktgasse, Kramgasse kunye Gerehtikaytgasse. Kwasekuqaleni kwisitalato kukho icawa Shpitalgasse Hayliggaystkirhe wenza yobuciko nisekelwe ngenkulungwane XVIII. Le isitalato uphela kwebhulorho Nideggbryukke apho imbono ivula nesibhakabhaka umzi omkhulu lowo.

Barenplats (indawo Bear) yi ariya engundoqo ye-Old Town, oko iqulethe Kefigturm inqaba. Kwaye Kornhausplats square kungumthombo kunye igama eloyikekayo "Kindlifresserbrunnen" eyenzelwe ukugxotha aboni kancinane.

Singasathethi ke izinto ezifana Berne Tsitlogge - Tower kunye wotshi ngeenkwenkwezi. Wonke amanani iyure kubo iphile, ebonisa abakhenkethi olunemboniselo emangalisayo: ingekalili inkuku, sidengendini libetha gong unomthwalo kuqutshwa, knight wabetha intsimbi, kwaye ingonyama neqhayiya ubukele le senzo.

Cathedral amaProtestanti

yezinto zokwakha Bern bonisa banezimbo ukusuka Gothic ukuya Renaissance kunye ezimbejembeje. Ngoko, kwi ngasezantsi Old Town i yecawa zwe. ukwakhiwa yayo ngo-1421, kodwa akazange yagqitywa. Baqhubeka ukwakha up kuphela ngo-1889.

itempile Steeple has kubude 100 metres, kwaye engundoqo intsimbi ubukhulu 247 cm ubunzima tonnes-10. Bas-besiqabu emnyango sculpture ezinkulu nezincinane 200 ubonisa umfanekiso Umgwebo Wokugqibela.

Ngaphakathi yecawa is banzi kakhulu. Kumaxesha yoHlaziyo wathabatha ubuchule yomfanekiso, kodwa yona, nempahla kwenkulungwane XVI kunye choir aye alondolozwa.

Yamandulo iifestile iglasi nebala le yecawa ibonisa imifanekiso yebhayibhile ukusuka kwiTestamente eNdala, kwakunye nezifundo heraldry iintsapho sigqibo sixeko. Enye kwiglasi nebala esimnandi kakhulu ubizwa ngokuba "Dance" okanye "Dance of Death". Kujongwe ukuba kukhumbuza ibandla ukuba wonke umntu elindele isiganeko enye.

isiphelo

Ngenkulungwane XII, oko wolula libali ngokumangalisayo Bern. Ngenxa lwalunjani kule dolophu lucky. abakhenkethi Bayavuya ifumana apha imithombo, ezihonjiswe imifanekiso engaqhelekanga le Renaissance, izitalato ezindala ezimnandi, iicawa ezintle ngalinye kwaye yobuciko neenqaba inqaba. Kwaye ngaphandle, abahlala amabhere Bern kulo!