Imbali lombutho Pioneer: unyaka wemfundo, uphawu, umhobe wesizwe, amabhaso. Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organisation

Namhlanje, ngakumbi nangakumbi umdla iqalisa ukuba imbali USSR. Umntu uzama ukufumana amanqaku ezimbi, ezinye ezintle kulo. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha kwimbali Pioneer mbutho, namhlanje ibangela mpikiswano eshushu. Ingakumbi xa kukho imibuzo, ukuba benze ntoni na abantwana okanye kutheni isizukulwana yangoku iye yakhula kukungakhathali kangaka. Indlela avakala ngayo intlangano iye yaba luncedo okanye eziyingozi, le ntetho iya kuhamba, ezi ziphumo kufuneka bazenze ngokwabo.

Imvelaphi intshukumo Pioneer

Okumangalisayo kukuba, iingcambu kulo mbutho ebonakala kuphela yobukomanisi ubuyele ubuchule. Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuba ngowe-1917 eninzi lombutho intlola abantwana kwasekwa eRashiya. Ngokubanzi, lo mbutho waba ngeenxa 50,000 nxaxheba. Ngomhla olwandulela Scouts War Civil zinika iindidi uncedo loluntu, baba abaququzeleli ngabavukeli zabantwana, baze balungiselele ukufunwa abantwana ezitratweni.

Xa kwafika ukuba amandla urhulumente waseSoviet, intshukumo Scout waqalisa iba kwi imiyalelo kuxhomekeka kwindawo ndawo. Umzekelo, e Kazan kunye Petrograd wabonakala umbutho "bazalwana Ihlathi", noluntu eMoscow wakha phezu kwemimiselo Baden-Powell. Kwakhona kwavunyelwana yintlanganiso "yukizm" t. E. "amaKomanisi Young". Bazama yokuhlanganisa ubuKomanisi kunye nemigaqo ubuchule. Yukistov owaseka Movement igosa party Vera Bonch-Bruevich. Kodwa ngowe-1919 wagqiba ukunyibilikisa onke amaqela Scout kwi-Congress of the Komsomol.

Nikela Krupskaya

Ukususela ngalo mzuzu iqala ibali mbutho nguvulindlela kwifomu apho ukuba yakhunjulwa. Ngoko ke, emva kokuvalwa eentloko ezaxhobela intlola baqalisa ukuba wayenokuqiniseka yokungabikho imibutho esebenza nabantwana. Okokuqala yaqulunqa ingcamango N. K. Krupskaya, ethetha ngoNovemba 1921 ingxelo, leyo kuthiwa "Kwi inkwenkwe-scoutisme". Kungekudala emva kwale ntetho elalipapashwe incwadana encinane, esasisithi kuyimfuneko ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuyila umbutho yabantwana, nto leyo yayiza kuba "ubuchule ekwimo Communist kwikhontenti."

iinkokheli zokuqala Komsomol, kakubi waqonda ubuchule, waphendula ngobuchule ukuya isindululo. Ngapha koko, ukuba zijoyine lombutho, abantwana, enyanisweni, alondoloza isithethe, elo ziko kusekho phantsi tsars, ezingenakulinganiswa kodwa kubangela inkxalabo. Noko ke, ukuze bonke kwatshintsha xa ikomiti ekhethekileyo kwasekwa emva intetho Krupskaya. It I. zhukov thaca ingxelo yakhe, apho bamkelwa ngamalungu Bureau. Ngoko nangoko emva koko ke ndaqalisa ukufunda kwicala lombutho yezinto.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1922, iKomishoni wenza isiphakamiso ngenjongo yokufakwa kule mibutho intlola abantwana, kunokuba amalungu Komsomol, njengoko kucetyisiwe ekuqaleni. Kwangaxeshanye, I. zhukov wacebisa eqamba umbutho omtsha, "Pioneer". Igama kanye waboleka ukusuka Seton-Thompson. Ukongeza, umbutho Pioneer kakhulu wathatha ubuchule. Umzekelo, uhlobo umdlalo yoqeqesho, umbutho kwee-odolo, ulawulo abantwana ngoncedo nabacebisi, izinto ze imiqondiso, iifizi Umlilo. Nditsho sama "Lungiselela!" Asinguye na lo yokuqala.

Iqela lokuqala

NgoFebruwari 2, 1922 inyathelo elilandelayo kuphuhliso kwimbali Pioneer mbutho senziwa. Kwangaloo mini, kumaziko zommandla uthumele ileta evela kwi Central Committee Bureau kwi ukusekwa qela yabantwana kule seli Komsomol. NgoFebruwari 4, oko wadalwa iofisi okhethekileyo, ebandakanya Valery zorin, owayesakuba Scoutmaster. Yaba nguye lowo walungelelanisa iqela le Februwari 12 zokuqala abantwana sesinye sezikolo ehostele Zamoskvorechye. Le iqembu ngokuba "Scouts Young", kodwa ke zange ihlale ixesha elide. Yaye kungekudala zorin Nathwala lombutho abantwana kwisityalo "zerabha".

Ngaxeshanye kunye zorin Ndiqale ukusebenza kwicala elinye uMikhail Stremyakov, omnye Scoutmaster. Esehlela iqela uqeqesho mveliso yesikolo owayesakuba Mashistova yoshicilelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqela abantwana ngokuba Pioneer kwecala lokuqala. Kwakhona ngo-Epreli, luyaqala ukuba ivele, "Igubu", iphephancwadi nguvulindlela kuqala, uze emva koko "Pioneer inyaniso".

Matshi 2 wadalwa Bureau of amaqela zabantwana, kunye umsebenzi ukusebenza ngaphandle ummiselo. Ingqalelo kwaye kwamkelwa, kuloo II Zonke-Russian iNkomfa ye Komsomol 19 Meyi. Usuku Pioneer lombutho - oko kukuthi mva mhla ziya kubhengezwa. Inkomfa kuphela bavumelana mnqophiso, kodwa wagqiba ekubeni aqale imibutho Pioneer ikuyo. Emva koko wabekwa phezulu eligcina inkcazelo ekhethekileyo ukusebenza nabantwana, eziquka abantu abasixhenxe. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho Ivan zhukov kunye Krupskaya, njengombukeli leliqela, kunye Lunacharsky njengombukeli evela kuRhulumente.

Yanwenwa nokukhetha igama

Ukususela ngoko ekuqaleni ukwenza amaqela nguvulindlela kulo lonke elo lizwe. Ngelo xesha nangabo kwaye idala neempawu nguvulindlela. Kwaba ngo-1922, kwathiwa umbhalo enye yeengoma ngoovulindlela idumileyo - "inokubhabha eyayenzelwa Blue Nights". E Petrograd, iqela abantwana yokuqala ukuvela kuphela ngoDisemba 3. Kwaya Komsomolets kumququzeleli Sergei uMargot. Le ngezigaba phayona ezine zokuqala zaye kwiqela Russian of Scouts abaselula.

Ngo-Oktobha, kwiNdibano elandelayo ye-Komsomol kwagqitywa ukuzimanyanisa zonke ngezigaba phayona ibe umbutho omnye, nto leyo wawongwa isihloko "Oovulindlela Young ogama nguSpartacus." Ngosuku lokufa Lenin, lo mbutho wanikwa igama yinkokeli. enesisombululo esikhethekileyo yakhutshwa ngowe-1926, nto leyo kubonisiwe omtsha umbutho igama zabantwana ukuba iye yasinda kude ngemihla yokugqibela ikho. Kwaba ngathi "Bonke-Union Pioneer Umbutho kubo. V. I. Lenina ".

Oovulindlela ngo WWII

Unyaka of Education Pioneer mbutho umnyaka isiqalo sexesha entsha yomphefumlo wabantwana abaninzi. Emva 1922, ukuba uvulindlela Naye wawongwa ngokuba lilungu Komsomol. Size ke sisifikele Komsomol, hayi ukuba ube nguvulindlela, yaye kamva yaba cishe engenakwenzeka.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, umbutho ubuvulindlela iye alohlukaniswa kubomi nezentlalo zelizwe. Akumangalisi ke, ngexesha amashwa eyoyikekayo ethe yabehlela yonke eSoviet Union, oko ingahlali ebukele.

Ukususela kweso sibhengezo oovulindlela imfazwe yokuqala bezama ukugcina up kunye abadala kuncede kulwa notshaba, hayi nje kuphela kweli ngasemva, kodwa ngaphambili. Abantwana abaninzi wajoyina komhlaba kunye kuzinze. Oovulindlela baba abafana beenqanawa kwiinqanawa zomkhosi, Scouts, wanceda ukuba ukuzimela amajoni utshaba ababuleweyo, bazisa amalungiselelo ukuba luqalile, ezimele emahlathini. Abantwana akuvamanga ukujongelwa, ngoko kwaba lula ukufumana ngokusebenzisa ngezigaba ngezicelo okanye ukufumana phandle inkcazelo eyimfihlo.

Noko ke, akusoloko zilwe mission yaphela nabantwana ngokukhuselekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba kokufa imbasa kwisihloko Hero eSoviet Union abantwana abane - Zina Portnov, Lenya Golikov, seals uValya kunye uMarat Kasei.

Emva kwemfazwe, onke amagama abantwana abafileyo makabhalwe kuluhlu ngokusesikweni abo bamkela isihloko amaqhawe nguvulindlela.

I post-imfazwe isigaba

Imbali yentlangano nguvulindlela kwixesha kwemfazwe njengoko nzima, njengoko imbali lonke eli lizwe. Kwafuneka ukuba ubuyisele kutshatyalaliswa, kwaye kwakukho ebonakalayo nokuba baby care. abantwana Urban ukuqokelela ngeentsimbi ezindala kunye nephepha inkunkuma, Sizibandakanye ekutyaleni ngobunono. On nguvulindlela emaphandleni ngezigaba ukubeka umsebenzi nzima ngakumbi - bekhula izilwanyana ezincinane, ezifana iintaka nemivundla. Eyona intle abasebenzi abatsha zawongwa kunye nemiyalelo eyahlukeneyo. Abantwana ukuthatha inxaxheba lokuvuna, waya kusebenza kwisityalo. Ngokubanzi, naphi akwanelanga izandla, wathabatha umsebenzi ngoovulindlela. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lamadoda esempilweni babulawa emfazweni, ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukuba inkunkuma evela nakuwuphi na uncedo. Ingakumbi abantwana, wazi imfuneko, wasebenza kunye nabantu abadala, ezama nantoni na ingenelwe.

Ngoku kubonakala ngathi nabuntu, kodwa ke ngelo xesha oovulindlela ngokwawo kunceda. Akukho mntu abantwana ukuba isebenze. Abaninzi aqala umsebenzi onzima.

kwiminyaka ezayo

Ngowe-1953, oovulindlela eSoviet Union phantse sele igama. Emva kokufa kukaStalin, abaninzi wacela ukuba ukuzalisa igama yombutho. Ukuba phambi kokuba All-Union Pioneer Umbutho waba uLenin kuphela, kodwa ngoku sele kwenziwe izindululo ukongeza inkokheli apha kutshanje abangasekhoyo. Noko ke, emva kokuba sesichengeni ubuntu yehlelo Stalin kaThixo, lo mba sele kuphele ngokupheleleyo, kwaye lo mbutho khange igama.

Ukususela ngo-1955, kwakukho isithethe ukwenza amagama abantwana abadumileyo encwadini ekhethekileyo imbeko. Ngowe-1958 lwakhe utshintsho okungephi kubume entlanganweni. Ukuqalela kulo nyaka, imigangatho emithathu yophuhliso, mntwana ngamnye ufumana ibheji ekhethekileyo yaziswa. Ukuze afikelele kwinqanaba elilandelayo, lo vulindlela kwakufuneka ukujongana kwi inkqubo umntu okhethekileyo. yonke Umsebenzi ngoovulindlela enxulunyanisiweyo kwisicwangciso iminyaka emibini, elo ejoliswe kwiziko abaphezulu ekwenzeni isicwangciso sazo sonyaka-esixhenxe.

Ngowe-1962, umfanekiso we-Pioneer ibheji latshintshwa - kuqhuba profile uLenin kaThixo. Yaba umqondiso wokuba urhulumente uyayiqonda igalelo elikhulu incwadi mbutho. Umcimbi ngokuba Order of Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization for impumelelo kwimfundo yali ngentsha. Jika iminyaka elishumi ubudala, ngowe-1972, umbutho zabantwana yaphinda-wawongwa ibhaso efanayo ephakamileyo.

Ngeli xesha aba vulindlela luqulathe abantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi 23 kuyo eSoviet Union.

Ukupheliswa khona

Utshintsho yokuqala Pioneer mbutho ithe ixesha ngokutsha kunye ekuqaleni iinguqulelo zobunene. Ngeli xesha I. N. Nikitin, usihlalo we-Central Union Pioneer Organization, utshintsho kubume nguvulindlela ukuya nokulawulwa ngokwentando yayo ecetywayo. October 1, 1990 ngo-10 Union Pioneer Jamboree, eyayibanjelwe Artek, umbutho bantwana uqambe MTHETHO-SDF (Union of Imibutho - ngaba Federation of Imibutho Abantwana). USihlalo yeziko entsha yonyulwa E. E. Chepurnyh. Kodwa ke, ukwenza utshintsho uze ulungise STR-SDF abakwazanga. Isibakala sokuba wayeselapho Central iKomiti Komsomol. Ngoko ke, akukho lutshintsho ezibalulekileyo ababethinjwe phandle.

Emva kokuvalwa kwalo CPSU wavakalisa ngoSeptemba 1991, kwaqhutywa i nkongolo engaqhelekanga ngeentombi Communist League, apho kwathiwa ukuba indima ngembali Komsomol ndiyimfe, umbutho Komsomol itshitshisiwe kwaye abakho All-Union Pioneer Organisation. Ukususela kulo mhla ngoMeyi 19, imini Pioneer yentlangano, ayisa ingqalelo iholide. Eli lizwe abanamava iinguqu ezibalulekileyo eziye zabangela ukuba ukuwa amaziko karhulumente.

Emva kokuwa lokugqibela waseUSSR, yipropathi Pioneer mbutho bambamba. Zonke Palace of Oovulindlela kulo mmandla baguquka baza baba 'izindlu abantwana nabo bakwishumi elivisayo. " Uninzi kwiinkampu nguvulindlela yaba ezandleni nabanini babucala, lowo wawenza guesthouses kunye neehostele. Kuphela inxalenye encinane kubo ushiye ubume kweminquba impilo zabantwana.

Yintoni eyenziwa oovulindlela?

Imisebenzi Pioneer intlangano ibisoloko ukunceda Komsomol kunye nabantu abadala. Kodwa bekungasoloko inyathelo ngoxolo. Ekuqaleni imi--30 oovulindlela bagqiba ukuzisa kumlo iintshaba amandla Soviet. Oku kubekwe umsebenzi oluntu kuzo zonke iingcebiso zabantu ekunene, kuquka nabantwana. Imodeli zonke oovulindlela wonyulwa Pavlik Morozov. Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni, yena waxelela abasemagunyeni uyise wakhe, lowo ukunceda kulaks, waza waphuma nxamnye naye enkundleni. Ebudeni belo Pavlik noyise wakhe wabulawa.

Emva kweli xesha kakhulu kumzabalazo ochasene anti-eSoviet yamkela yeengcinga ze.

Noko ke, loo vulindlela imfundo eceleni kuphela. Kwakhona ku imisebenzi yabo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ziquka:

• Ezilahliweyo metal nephepha inkunkuma.
• Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo ngokutsha kunye lyrics.
• Ukuthatha inxaxheba Timur intshukumo.
• Uthatho-nxaxheba All-Union ukhuphiswano imidlalo "Isikhumba Ball", "Golden Puck".
• Ukuqhuba ezemidlalo kunye nabezomkhosi "Stozhatry".
• Iqela imidlalo ngebhola "throwball" yaye "sabona".
• Bengena phakathi abancedisi abatsha kwabahloli yendlela, kwakunye nolutsha mlilo ntliziyo.
• Ngaba zemvelo abaselula.
• Imibutho i "Hamba Green" (wenza nokhuseleko ehlathini), "iBlue okhuselo" (benza ukhuselo lwemithombo yamanzi).
• Iiklasi e iiklabhu zemidlalo kunye izangqa.
• Ukukhulisa izinja inkonzo kunye namahashe.

Inkqubo sokwamkelwa

Aba vulindlela wathabatha abantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka-9 ukuya kwi-14. Ngokusesikweni, kuba yenzeka qho ngokuzithandela. Reception lwenziwa ngabanye, kuvotwe kwibhunga jikelele Pioneer kwecala. Wajoyina umbutho kumgca ukuba nguvulindlela isifungo, ngoko ke wasibopha tie ebomvu kunye icon nguvulindlela elambatha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umsitho yabanjwa iindawo memory yezembali kunye olululo bexesha ngamaqela wamaKomanisi. Umzekelo, nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo uLenin 22 Epreli.

isithembiso okanye isifungo uvulindlela, ukuba eyayilawula okubhaliweyo efunda engena intliziyo. Ngexesha ubukho mbutho enxulumene kwesi sifungo zaqaliswa izihlandlo nje ezimbalwa yaye ayisoloko ivisisana Party. Ngexesha phayona isifungo wamthiya igama lam, wafunga ukuba zijoyine mbutho ukuba nguvulindlela, "phambi maqabane am," ukuba umthande kwilizwe lawo, ukuze aphile nenze ngokwemithetho ka Lenin, kunye nokuthobela imithetho incwadi mbutho.

charter

Lo Mqulu lombutho Pioneer, okwabizwa ngokuba umthetho oovulindlela, kwafuneka ukuba kulandelwe ngaphandle mbuzo. Wayengenguye elide ngakumbi, kwaye kulula ukuba enqondweni. Ngokommiselo, lo vulindlela kwakufuneka:

• Kuzinikela yobukomanisi, iqela nezwe.
• Lungiselela ukungena Komsomol.
• Ilingane amaqhawe zomsebenzi kunye nomzabalazo.
• Hlonipha amajoni ewileyo ube ukulungele ukuba ube welungelo lokhokho.
• Ukuba ezona emsebenzini, ezemidlalo kunye nezifundo.
• Yiba umhlobo unyanisekile yaye unyanisekile, ngubani usoloko uthethelela inyaniso.
• Ukuba umcebisi kunye nomhlobo ngo-Oktobha.

iculo

Umhobe lombutho nguvulindlela oluncedwa njengoko "Matshi Oovulindlela Young." Le ngoma eSoviet yabhalwa ngokukodwa Oovulindlela 1922. hambo Abalobi imbongi Alexander Zharov nepiyano Sergei Kaidan-Deshkin. Ezinye imigca ngoma aqhelene nakwabo ongazange enze looVulindlela. Umzekelo, "inokubhabha omlilo, ebusuku oluhlaza. Thina oovulindlela - oonyana zabasebenzi "!

NgoMeyi 1922, emva kokuba intetho Krupskaya kwintlanganiso yeKomiti Central, wanikwa umsebenzi Zharov: kunyuka nge ingoma iiveki ezimbini, oko sibe umhobe zombutho abantwana omtsha. Zharov wafuna icebiso D. Furmanov, ngubani wamcebisa ukuba ukwakhela kuqamba ezikhoyo. Ngelo xesha kwi "Grand Theatre" yaba opera "Faust". Ngomhla play Zharov weva "Matshi lamajoni," nto leyo yaba sisiseko imibhalo yotshintsho olululo.

imifuziselo

Njengaye nawuphi na umbutho yembono baye banikwa iimpawu zabo. Imiqondiso Pioneer Organization basibongoza ukuba umthetho intlonipho, kwakunye nabo ngubani na. Ezi ziquka:

• Pioneer tie - eziqulethwe kulo vulindlela kwesibhengezo yaba yinxalenye mandatory yale fomu. Ezintathu ekupheleni elijongene tie ikhonkco eyomeleleyo izizukulwana-3, t. E. ndawonye, ngoko ke amalungu Komsomol; kwandule Oovulindlela. Ukuze tie isihloko iyunithi okhethekileyo. Abameli neqembu utayi red ibala otyheli. Phambi kokuba impi bahlala uphela tie yaphumelela ikliphu okhethekileyo. Wabulawa ngohlobo lomlilo, iinkuni ezintlanu libhekisela kumazwekazi amahlanu, kunye nolwimi ezintathu nelangatye - Wesithathu International. Kopela Ukunyamalala luye, okokuqala, kokupheliswa Comintern, yaye okwesibini, isibakala sokuba omnye iintloko yeKomiti Central ntla ngayo ukufana kunye neesimboli zamaNazi.
• Icon - kananjalo kwaba uphawu ebalulekileyo iintlangano ubuvulindlela esikolweni. Imilo kunye nohlobo lwe icon ezichazwe izibonelelo ezizodwa kwimibutho zabantwana. Nakule yeziko, baziguqula izihlandlo eziliqela.
• Pioneer ibhena - yaba ilaphu ebomvu kunye umfanekiselo Pioneer ibheji kunye isaci. Iibhena akufunekanga ngezigaba nguvulindlela kuphela, kodwa iiklasi zesikolo.
• Igosa Company iflegi - obumntwisiweyo imbeko kunye nomanyano abantwana, ukhonza ukubonisa kumathala kwabanye kwiqela nguvulindlela. Nale ibhanile abantwana ukuba bangene umbukiso, uhlelo, imirhumo, ukhenketho, ngokuxhoma kunye ephathelene nezabasebenzi. Nes ngelaphu iflegi eyalandelayo umcebisi ngaphambi obetha kunye bugler.
• Horn - ngaphandle oku akunakwenzeka ukuba bathi ubomi nguvulindlela. Esi sixhobo isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ezahlukeneyo lwemiqondiso. Indawo bugler ubezukile kakhulu, sasabela abafana zibalulekileyo nezingqinekayo. Wahamba ngoko nangoko emva iflegi.
• Igubu - oovulindlela yesibini ibalulekileyo isixhobo somculo. Kwakufuneka ngexesha imiboniso, ikhombise kwimiju-. Obetha sang idubule uhambo, yaye wancedisa ukwenza drill iindlela eziphambili.

Awards Pioneer Organisation

Oovulindlela afanelekele ukuba ukwahlukana zilandelayo:

• "Million Homeland" - Ikhutshelwa inkqubela ukuqokelela ngeentsimbi ezindala.
• "Pathfinder Young" - enikwa abo ukuhamba kulo mmandla.
• Ukongezelela, kwakukho abaninzi iimbasa ibhaso ezahlukeneyo iibheji kwidabi kwimisitho ezahlukeneyo zemidlalo.

Oovulindlela eSoviet Union rhoqo wafumana imihombiso kunye namabhaso eziqhelekileyo bonke abantu Soviet, umzekelo, Order of the Red Banner. Ngelishwa, ngamaxesha emfazwe amaninzi kula iimedali anikezelwa kokufa kwakhe abantwana.