Imali Index zotyalo

Sifuna nokutyala imali ezamahala makakhethe izixhobo zemali, ukusuka ifakwe kwibhanki kakhulu ethandwa ukutyala imali eninzi. Ukuba ukugcina umkhondo kwiimarike zemali yonke imihla, akukho xesha okanye ithuba, kufuneka ingqalelo ukhetho yokuzalisa kule kota elide. Ungakhetha ukuhlalutya emarikeni uze uthenge izabelo ngokusebenzisa broker, qhagamshelana-mali efanayo okanye uthenga imali index.

definition

Index fund mutual (ETF) - ipotifoliyo izibambiso ukuba isiseko salo naliphina index. ekwandiseni Stock - a Izalathi isizalwane, leyo enziwa ixabiso izibambiso "chips eluhlaza", oko kukuthi iinkampani lizwe kakhulu kuphuhliswa. Ibonisa imeko yezoqoqosho kurhwebo lwasekhaya. ekwandiseni ezinjalo kwilizwe ngalinye. In the US - i S & P 500, eJamani - i DAX, yaye Russia - unathi kunye MMBV.

imali Index ngokuphindaphindiweyo isakhiwo index ngxabano. Oku kuquka izabelo lelithile lizwe, kummandla, ixabiso, yaye zihlelwe ziinkampani ukuvelisa iimpahla efanayo. Okuqukiweyo kwezi isitokhwe ukuba baze bathengiswe imini yonke. Ukulawula khomishini 0.5% ye-asethi. Le ukugqithisela engundoqo ETF ku PIF.

I MICEX index iquka izabelo 45 iinkampani ezinkulu. Amatye sizimisele ngokomlinganiselo capitalisation, kodwa akanakuba ngaphezu kwe-15%. ukuba iinkampani inkulu yagxila linani eliphezulu lamandla oluntu. Kuye, uMbumbi ixabiso lezabelo. I-avareji kwimivuzo isabelo ngamnye ka-5% ngaphambi emali. Phantsi kwale mvelaphi, iindlela kwerandi zinempumelelo ethe kratya. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha ngokubhekiselele ingeniso encinane capitalisation inzala iya kubonelela nemiphumo emihle zemali.

izibalo

Le ETF lokuqala phantsi kwegama lo ICEBISO 35 sabhalwa kwi Toronto Stock Exchange 1990, wamlandela ngowe-1993, kwakukho US S & P 500 SPDR, apho ekuqaleni kuthiwa hlola, kunye NASDAQ-100. Ngo 2000, imarike investment eqhumayo. Namhlanje, kukho 4724 mali. asethi zabo bebonke - limi kwi $ 2,867 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi, apho $ 127 yezigidi zezigidi akhawunti ye-S & P 500 kuphela mali Index eRashiya wabonakala kuqala ngo-2013 .. Emva koko kwi-Moscow Stock Exchange ukuba ubhaliswe phantsi igama ETF FinEx. Le Ukubolekisa RF ETF kulawulwa uMthetho "On market izibambiso". imithamo zorhwebo Active wokukhula ETF yaqala ngo-2013. Ngenxa yokuba abatyali-mali idluliselwe mali kwiimali mutual ngumqulu yorhwebo lonyaka ETF liye ngaphaya $ 2 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi, ukwanda kwe-27%.

ETF VS Mutual Fund

izabelo Index Funds iyafana mali ezifanayo ngokusekelwe khrayitheriya ezininzi:

• ulawulo zoBuchule (ukulawula Mutual Fund ilawula kunye ETF - inkampani, otyala imali imali kulo).
• Low "umbundu" igalelo (ETF kwi igalelo ubuncinane iya kuba ixabiso isabelo, kwi PIF - i-arhente ubuncinane kwasekwa intengiso).
• Guqulo asethi.

ETF iyahluka mali efanayo kwi ezinjalo iparameters:

• amatyala High. Xa ETF zingathengwa baze bathengiswe imini yonke.
• ixabiso iyunithi Fund Mutual zibalwa ngomhla ixabiso le-asethi net. ixabiso ETF litshintsha njalo.
• Izabelo-mali mutual abunakuthengwa ukuba imali mboleko. "• Lungelelanisa" ingasetyenziswa kwi ETF.
• imali Mutual kuthengiswa kuphela kwelinye ilizwe, ngoxa izabelo - nakweyiphi exchange.
• Kuba mali mutual, ngokungafaniyo i ETF, lunganikezelwa kwiKomishoni.

ukwakhiwa kwemarike

Imali Isalathisi imakethi yahlulwe zamabanga (umba kunye nentlawulelo lezabelo) kunye lesibini (unyango stock). Ukufikelela kwimarike zaseprayimari abagunyazisiweyo kuphela nxaxheba. Bona umkhwetha umba izabelo, okt ukutshintsha imali ezitokisini, kwaye iqalise le nkqubo umva - .. Ngani ukukhululwa. Izabelo abahlawulelweyo kwizabelo th-50. Wokwabelana. Sele kwimarike sesekondari abantu ngokusemthethweni ababandakanyekayo imicimbi ka ukuthenga nokuthengisa ye-Central Bank.

isiseko somthetho

I-US Iimali Isalathisi ilawulwa ngumthetho ka-1940, eyayisingethe umba mali karhulumente efanayo. Nangona ETF ongathobeli eziliqela iimpawu-mali efanayo. Ngamanye amaxesha ke ngokohlobo trust mali uze ubhalise kwi-qh.

imali yaseYurophu zisekelwe UCITS Directive, owamkelwe ngowama-2009 iimpawu zabo: luvuleleke kubo bonke abatyali, ummiselo engqongqo-asethi kunye nemigaqo kubhengezo. Ngelo xesha, le ngxowa sungula ku Luxembourg okanye Ireland angafaka isicelo kulo lonke European Union.

Iimpawu eminye

Esiza kuxubusha ngayo ngokweenkcukacha indlela yokwakha ETFs. Okokuqala, le nkampani kunqabile ukuba abeke zonke iimali ezifunyenwe asethi yomtyali-mali. 5-10% ngaphezulu ngokufuthi Siboleke imali eyabelwe yokuthenga ikamva kwi asethi ukuba asekelwe index. I-90% ye nkampani ukuba alahle ngokokubona kwayo. Kodwa ke kunyanzelekile ukuba babuyele utyalo kwimfuno, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinga ebelithenjisiwe ukubuya. Oko kukuthi, ETF awusebenzisi iimali zabo.

Okwesibini, inkoliso mali engaphenduli eyakho Central Bank. Bona nokulungelelanisa index yokuziphatha. Kuba oku isivumelwano kunye yebhanki ngokutshintshiselana lokungena nokuphuma kwemali. A iziko lamatyala linyanzelekile ukuba ukunika isalathisi imbuyekezo, kuba lowo wamkela ingeniso evela-asethi zeNgxowa-mali. Kwiphothifoliyo virtual onjalo 90% atyale imali. Ukuba yesalkathisi wazisa ingeniso ngaphezu kwepotfoliyo Central Bank, iNgxowa-mali ifumana yintlawulo evela ebhankini. Kule meko esahlukileyo, yena uhlawula ibhanki umahluko.

ubungozi zebhanki

Ingozi kukuba imali salathisi baphambuke kwisalathiso. Ukuze ufumane zonke izabelo efakwe kwisalathiso, imali eninzi. Wonke umphathi uzama ukwenza iphothifoliyo yayo yaye ayisoloko ukwenza indawo eyaneleyo ukwenzela Central Bank. Nditshilo ngaphambili, ukuba zonke iinkampani imali kuyo. Abanye kuhlelwe index ngokusebenzisa needipozithi zebhanki. kwemali iyafana ngokokwakheka ukuba avela ngetyala. Baya nayo umngcipheko efihlakeleyo. Ukuba ibhanki iya yimali, i-10% ye ngummeli wowona uya ngoko nangoko kulahleka. Eziseleyo umtyali-mali kuya kuba nako ukufumana ngohlobo iindleko yobuncwane.

ixabiso udaba

Okt. ukudala i ETF, usamile babe I unathi, ukuba bathenge amakamva kwisalathiso. Mutual mali Isalathisi zitshiphu ngaphezu asethi, leyo bephindaphinda. Kwimeko ezithengwa asethi kuza kufuneka ahlawule $ 3000, kunye nokuthengwa amakamva - $ 300. Imali eseleyo zingafakwa idiphozithi.

Ukungqinisiseka zikhawulelwe amakamva. Umzekelo, kuba a th oko iinyanga ezintathu. Okt amaxesha 4 ngonyaka kufuneka ukutshintshela isikhundla - ukutshintsha ikamva omnye komnye. imali Index ukufeza lo msebenzi ngaphandle inxaxheba-mali. Ngokuba wenza lonaniselwano intengiselwano ibiza 2 p. Ukuxhasa ukuthenga nokuthengisa amakamva. Oko kukuthi, ikhomishini iya kuba 4 iphe. okanye 0,044% yotyalo-mali. Kunyaka kuya kufuneka uhlawule 0.17%. Kuphela baphathe kuyimfuneko asethi ulwelo. Yaye bonke abantu ikamva index. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ukuphinda kwindawo kufuneka uthenge izivumelwano ezininzi okanye ukuthenga ngokhuselo Exchange eziliqela. Oku kwandisa iindleko.

Ibhalansi amakamva akhawunti utshintsho umnini yonke imihla, kuxhomekeke okuhambisa ixabiso. Ukunciphisa yesondlo ngaphantsi iziphumo kwinqanaba esinye acwangciswe ngaphambili kwi yokuba le mali kufuneka ahlawule imali eseleyo ngenye indawo yayo iya ngenkani sivalwe ilahleko.

qhinga fund index kufanele kwakhona banike imiqathango ezahlukeneyo izivumelwano. imvumelwano entsha zingabiza ngaphezu kwisiqalo yokuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso.

imingcipheko imali

Xa "ekunene" ukuyilwa-mali kufuneka uthenge kuphela ezo izixhobo ezifakwe kwisalathiso, kwaye nomlinganiselo apho ikhona kwisalathiso. ingxaki kuqala. Kufuneka umphathi bafumane izabelo zeenkampani apho emi-2 elandelayo akulindelekanga ukubaa ukwandisa, kuba zikhona kwisalathiso. ingxaki wesibini. Ukuba ethile inkampani uqala likhula yaye ibonisa iziphumo ezincumisayo emarikeni, umphathi akakwazi Izabelo inkampani ukufumana ngaphezu ubunzima lwabo kwisalathiso. Ngaphezu koko, xa Central Bank uza kuvuka ixabiso, kunye nesabelo yenkampani kwisalathiso sidlula ixabiso eliphezulu, ulawulo kwakuza kufuneka uthengise Central Bank.

index bond ngaphandle kolawulo mali. Onke amanye amaziko zemali ukusebenzisa indlela yolawulo lomngcipheko, umda phambi kwimarike kunye nelahleko. Kwimeko-mali index, ubona indlela mali yancitshiswa kulandela ukwehla kwisalathiso.

Indlela ukukhetha isiseko

Into yokuqala Abatyali mali kufuneka isigqibo indlela ethile index izimali. Ngaphandle abanobuchule zobugcisa kunye nohlalutyo esibalulekileyo ukujongana nalo mba iya kuba nzima. imali Index ukusebenza nemithi, bonds, impahla zemarike, kwaye real estate. fund PowerShares DB US umkhondo utshintsho idola nxamnye euro, yen, imina, franc Swiss kunye isithsaba. Ngokususela kwidatha eyenziwe USDX index. United States Commodity Index umkhondo amakamva yorhwebo kunye iShares Global Real Estate index iikopi i Cohen & Steers Global Realty. Le mali makhwelo kubhetele ukufunda indices ezithandwayo S & P 500 okanye MICEX. Ngokutsho kuye kube lula ukuqokelela ulwazi kunye lula uthelekise amanani.

Xa ukhetha fund kufuneka anikele ingqalelo zokugweba ezimbini: ubungakanani iKhomishini kunye index efanelekileyo. I elikhulu kwingxowa-mali, ngaphantsi okuba imilinganiselo yayo ekhawulezileyo. ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga mali Russian kunye nemali mutual ziyafumaneka kwi "National League of Management Companies '. Nangona umthetho, yonke imali kufuneka anike ingxelo rhoqo umsebenzi wayo, emva kokukhetha umbutho ethile nangoku ukuba bahlole iingxelo zemali kwi-website ye Fund.

Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba anikele ingqalelo wediposithi. Yiba ilungu "VTB - MICEX Index" kunokuba engange 5000, yaye "BCS - MICEX" -. 50000 p. imali Russian imali iikhomishini liwuphakamele US. Isixa mali lwemivuzo ibandakanya, elinguvimba, umphicothi-zincwadi, unobhala, Umvandlakanyi, yaye ezo ndleko ezifanele kuya kulandwa. ubungakanani abo ibhaliswe kwisivumelwano. Umzekelo, ukuba 3.7% kwi "VTB". Kuphela emva kokuba uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha zonke iinkcukacha kufuneka wenze isigqibo malunga nokutyala imali ngayo.