Iintlobo amaziko emfundo. Inqaku 23 lomThetho Federal "Kwi leMfundo Russian Federation"

Inqaku 23 lomThetho Federal "Kwi leMfundo Russian Federation" lidwelisa zonke iintlobo zamaziko emfundo, iimpawu zabo, iinjongo kunye neenjongo. Okulandelayo, sihlaziya inqaku uze ucacise iinkcukacha.

Indlela yokugweba ye-hlula izikolo zibe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo

Xa ukwahlulwa onke amaziko emfundo iindidi iinkqubo zemfundo zithathelwa ingqalelo, ezikhethwe ngenxa imisebenzi yabo. Ukongeza, eli candelo liza wenziwe kwaye kuthathelwe ingqalelo iindidi iinkqubo. Oku ingaba:

1. iinkqubo Basic zemfundo.
2. iinkqubo zoqeqesho olongezelelweyo.

iinkqubo zemfundo zibandakanya kwimfundo yemisebenzi yezandla jikelele. Lo Mthetho ngoku ubonelela iintlobo ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo zamaziko emfundo: ezine ebandakanya ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo imfundo esisiseko, kunye neentlobo ezimbini, ezijolise kuphuhliso olungaphezulu lwesikolo.

Onke amaziko nokuphumeza iinkqubo zemfundo, yahlulwe ngakumbi ngeentlobo 4:

• 2 iindidi zezikolo zemfundo ngokubanzi (imibutho yemfundo jikelele kunye nemfundo pre-school);
• iintlobo ezimbini imibutho ngokubonelela ngoqeqesho professional (iziko lemfundo emfundo ephakamileyo kwiziko lemfundo vocational).

Ngokutsho uMthetho RF ngoJulayi 10, 1992 bekufanele ababini kuphela iintlobo zamaziko emfundo, kwaye kwakungekaxelwa ngokucacileyo kweli nqaku. zemfundo ezizodwa uMthetho yanikwa amaziko oluleko udidi, luxanduva lwabo abantwana abakhubazekileyo zokufunda. Ukubeka amaziko emfundo noqeqesho kweenkedama.

Iimpawu amaziko oluleko

Ngokuphathelele kumaziko ezizodwa, siphawula ukuba ngoku ukuthiya ngokutsha nabo kwimibutho yemfundo ayenzelwanga nya.

Umthetho ubonelela lokusekwa maqumrhu karhulumente kwezi zifundo RF amaziko emfundo ezifana apho uqeqesho luya kuqhutywa iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo, aguqulelwe iimfama, ongeva kakuhle, ngokwengqondo abantwana okhubazekileyo okanye abazizithulu, ngokunjalo kubafundi abanengxaki yenkqubo musculoskeletal, ukuphazamiseka intetho, Autism kunye nezinye izifo zempilo.

uqeqesho Vocational abantwana kunye nemeko yokunqongophala emzimbeni, njengoko kwenziwe isiseko iinkqubo ezizodwa lulungiselelwe ukuba ezi ndidi abafundi.

Ngomhla ekusebenziseni umsebenzi wokufundisa

Ngokutsho nqaku 23 lomThetho Federal "Kwi leMfundo Russian Federation" unika ubukho Ukrainian lunee ntlobo ezine zamaziko emfundo ezikufaneleyo ukufumana ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo imfundo esisiseko.

Eyokuqala kwezi kuthiwa iziko pre-school emfundo - iziko le njongo iphambili yale eliza inkathalo yokukhathalela abantwana, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kwe uqeqesho kunye nemfundo ngeenkqubo zemfundo eyodwa.

Agasti 30, 2013 Order of the Ministry of Science of the Russian Federation (№1014) yavunywa yi indlela ekhethekileyo, njengoko apho ziwuququzelele babesenza umsebenzi wokufundisa lonke ngeenkqubo ezisisiseko. iinketho zabo zemfundo pre-school zilungiselelwe imibutho linyamekele iintsana, kuquka abancinane eziguqulweyo abucala kunye namaqela mini-care.

Imfundo lwabantwana abaselula

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba baxhomekeke imfundo pre-school, abantwana abakwazi kuphela kumaziko kodwa entsatsheni. Xa ibango 6 ithi kwi unonophelo kwiziko lemfundo pre-school, ukukhathalela umntwana, imfundo pre-school, othi uqhutywe ukususela kwiinyanga 2 kwada kokupheliswa ukuzalana (xa kuthe umfundi iminyaka 6-7 ubudala). Groups wadala kuba baqonda ukuba eli njongo inokuba ukuphucula, okuncedisana, nokuphuhlisa ngokubanzi ipateni zidityanisiwe.

Umyalelo kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo Oktobha 27, 2011 yathatyathwa null and void. Ileta yomhla we-8 Agasti 2013 i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa neSebe leMfundo iingcebiso eziqulathwe karhulumente. inkqubo yokufuna ezo amaziko emfundo leyo bekwi nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zemfundo esisiseko yemfundo pre-school kunye noqeqesho. Ngaphezu koko, le ncwadi kuthethwa ngophuhliso iindlela elidibeneyo inani labantwana abadinga ukuba kutyelela amaziko emfundo pre-school.

Kwakukho, kwincwadi kunye neengcebiso amagunya kamasipala ukwenza olunye ulwazi resource "e-umgca" in eziguqulweyo. Kuye kwaqatshelwa kunye ngokubonelela ngolwazi malunga nenani lezicelo (motion) ukulungiselela unyaka wesikolo yangoku. Zobhaliso kwirejista, abazali okanye abameli kwezomthetho enkulisa ugcwalise ifomu online enikwe kwi kuwonke-wonke, okanye sebenzisa icebiso esuka kuMasipala UO. Ungenza isicelo ngokobuqu kwakhona umzimba ogunyazisiweyo isicelo esibhaliweyo indawo epriskuli labantwana.

Le leta ingcebiso malunga abantwana ephambili nokwamkelwa pre-school. Nalo Mthetho, xa abantwana ithuba lokuya eziguqulweyo kunye bazilungela ngokupheleleyo esikolweni.

imfundo

umbutho wezemfundo liziko ukuba injongo yayo ephambili kukuba ukwenza lokuqala, elesibini imfundo esisiseko. imisebenzi yabo kuxhomekeke RF neSigqibo kaRhulumente ngo-2001. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba xwebhu sele ukhutshiwe ixesha elide, hlale zaphuculwa kwaye ishicilelwe, uye bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa amandla ayo kwaye ngoku iyasetyenziswa.

Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu kwimibutho emfundo oluphezulu:

• isikolo nezasesekondari;
• kwizikolo zesiqhelo;
• samabanga aphakamileyo;
• Amaziko abaphathi ephakathi kunye olunzulu sifunde izifundo ezithile;
• Izabelo ukuba lokuqeqesha abafundi kweyobunzululwazi, zobugcisa, ulwalathiso ezijongene noluntu;
• lycées nokuphumeza inkqubo eliphakathi kwaye ukuyilwa olusisiseko iimboniselo zabucala (imigca).

Ingakumbi Art. 23 lomThetho RF "On Education"

Echazwe umthetho singabandakanyi ukwahlulwa eyahlukileyo ziindidi zamaziko emfundo, nebonelela olunzulu abafundi zoqeqesho (ezongeziweyo), zombini isikolo aphezulu ukungena kwisikolo esiphakamileyo okanye, kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka eminye imibuzo ngaphambi kokungena wayo force.

Kwakukho uloyiko ukuba ayithi ukubonelela ngophuhliso onesiphiwo (unesiphiwo) abantwana. Kodwa ke kunjalo, umthetho wezemfundo Russian Federation ijolise ukuyilwa zolutsha abanetalente. Kungakhathaliseki ngobume yeziko lemfundo, efundisa abasebenzi kudala iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu abafundi.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaziko emfundo embonweni mahluko kuphela iwonga, kodwa kwiimeko ezizodwa mali. Phantsi komthetho omtsha libonelela inguqu kunye iinketho mali ezivunywa ngezimali iziphumo ukuphunyezwa komyalelo kamasipala (zikarhulumente). Zonke iimfuno ukuba iziqu sicaciswa gca isizukulwana esitsha imilinganiselo: ukufundisa, ubuzwe nokukwazi self-uphuhliso, self-ukuphucuka.

imfundo professional

umbutho zoqeqesho kwezemfundo kuthathwa ukuba iziko, injongo ephambili nokusebenza apho imisebenzi zemfundo, iinkqubo ezizodwa zemfundo lesibini yobugcisa.

RF Government Ndiwise №543 we-18 Julayi 2008 ulawula ezi ntlobo zamaziko emfundo. Imisebenzi ephambili yale post-secondary iziko lemfundo ume out:

• ukuphunyezwa iimfuno zomguli kuphuhliso lwenkcubeko, ngokwasengqondweni neyokuziphatha, ngenxa yokufumana imfundo yamabanga umsebenzi;
• i Ukwanda ziingcali zemarike, ukuba imfundo professional aphakamileyo;
• uphuhliso isizukulwana esitsha yomsebenzi onzima, ngummi, uxanduva, ubuchule, kuzithemba;
• ukhuseleko zenkcubeko yokuziphatha yoluntu.

Phantsi kwalo mthetho ubonelela iintlobo ezifana imibutho zemfundo, abaphathi ephakathi:

1. College, nto leyo kuphunyezwa kwinkqubo basic yoqeqesho.
2. College, ezifundisa iinkqubo zoqeqesho-nzulu.

Igama amaziko emfundo

zasesekondari, imfundo jikelele eYodwa, amaziko emfundo eqhubekayo, ukudala mnandi, igama ecacileyo leyo kucacisiwe kule Tshatha bombutho. Xa utshintsha ubume yeziko, ngokuyimfuneko waliguqula igama lakhe.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izikolo ezininzi kunye namaziko emfundo ephezulu isigqibo kwintlanganiso abasebenzi ukuthiya umbutho okanye kwisabelo igama lakhe Russian of Hero. Loo phulo kufuneka inkxaso amagunya kamasipala, abasebenzi lonke, uluntu oluchaphazelekayo. Kwintlanganiso jikelele yokuvota kuthatha indawo, koko wakhupha protocol esibhaliweyo isicelo ukuya koomasipala. Emva kokuqwalaselwa kwesicelo njengoko efakiwe, isigqibo senziwa.

Yabaneziphumo ezihle, umbutho kwemfundo pre-school, isikolo, isikolo yobugcisa okanye kwikholeji yenza izilungiso kuMgaqo-siseko kwaye utshintshe itywina. Abaqeshwa zomsebenzi zibonisa elitsha igama.

imfundo ephakamileyo

Ukuqwalasela iintlobo, iintlobo zamaziko emfundo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ngoyaba imfundo ephakamileyo. Eyona njongo iphambili yale i misebenzi zemfundo yezenzululwazi yokuba benze iiprogram ezizodwa. Ngomhla imodeli ngesakhiwo emfundo ephakamileyo, kancane kancane imigangatho intsimi ngasinye zokufunda kunye amakhono zeemanejala zee-ekwinqanaba eliphezulu.

imfundo engakumbi

amaziko emfundo ezongezelelweyo ziye zasekwa lokuququzelela imisebenzi leba of kokuya esikolweni nokuba ubudala isikolo abantwana. Umthetho on Education of the Russian Federation banikwa iingcaciso malunga amaqela ngokuzalisa, amacandelo, izangqa, ezilawulayo kunye nemisebenzi inkxaso-mali. Kutshanje, inzala kumaziko afana liyenyuka, kuzo zonke iziko yesithili Centre ubuncinane omnye neqhubekayo, kunye ezininzi macandelo, izangqa, wacebisa amakhwenkwe free.

Inkqubo yezemfundo kwi Game kusekelwe kwizicwangciso ekufundeni ngamnye. Amaqela Yenza inzala, ubudala, msebenzi. A iindidi yelebhu, kwiiklabhu, kwiiklabhu, bands, okhestra, Studios, iinkundla: konke oku kwenziwa kubantwana ngaphandle kweendonga zesikolo. Ukongeza iqela leenketho, linikeza zemfundo ezongezelelweyo kunye neentlobo ngamnye lomsebenzi.

imfundo professional Lwasekhaya

Injongo imibutho ezinjalo - imisebenzi iinkqubo ezizodwa zobungcali. Bona i "uMthetho leMfundo" le misebenzi ilandelayo:

1. uncedo ingcali ekufundeni ulwazi malunga kwimpumelelo zakutshanje kwezenzululwazi neteknoloji, angaphandle phambili kunye namava zasekhaya.
2. Uqeqesho kunye nokuqeqeshwa ngokutsha iingcali zamaziko, imibutho, abasebenzi ezingasafunekiyo, abasebenzi bakarhulumente, iingcali abangasebenziyo.
3. Uphando kunye nokuhlola, imisebenzi ukuphunyezwa Consulting.
4. A uvavanyo lwezenzululwazi ngokupheleleyo kweeprojekthi ngamnye, iinkqubo kunye namanye amaxwebhu kwi profile zenkampani

isiphelo

Inqaku 23 lomThetho "Kwi Education of Russia" echaza ngokupheleleyo yonke ukuhlelwa amaziko emfundo, iinjongo zabo kunye neenjongo, ingakumbi ifomu yemali neyomthetho. Kwisaziso kunye neentlobo iinkqubo zemfundo. Ukongeza, umthetho Russian lutyabula umiselwa umyalelo nokudalwa amaziko emfundo kawonke kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nohlobo.