Yemfundo yamaziko angaphambi kokuya: system, iziko

imfundo Pre-school ilungelo wonke umntwana, nto leyo kuphunyezwa amaziko oqeqesho efanelekileyo, kunjalo, enokwenziwa ngabazali kwiimeko zabo okwabo.

Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba kwisinye kwisithathu iintsapho Russian akanako yokukhulisa umntwana kwi karhulumente amaziko wokulungiselela. Ngoko ke, imfundo pre-school kwilizwe lethu, izenzo njengomnye eziphambili zomgaqo-nkqubo kolutsha.

Imbali inkqubo yemfundo pre-school eRashiya

Emva amazwe aseYurophu kwi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 kwi kwizikhewu zasekhaya yaqala ukubonakala amaziko emfundo wokulungiselela. Enkulisa lokuqala simahla kwilizwe lethu yasekwa ngo-1866 e-St Petersburg. Ngelo xesha lwaqalisa ukuvela amaziko abucala oqeqesho oonyana nezazi.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20, inkqubo yemfundo yemfundo yamaziko angaphambi kokuya eRashiya waba sele kakhulu yaphuhliswa. Ukufikelela kwavulwa kuluntu lonke ubunzima ihlawulwe kwaye mahala amaziko wokulungiselela. Eli lizwe rhoqo wenza eziguqulweyo eziliqela, umbutho apho wayesondele kwinqanaba yangoku.

imfundo Pre-school kwi leSoviet

Inkqubo yokuqala, njengoko leyo kwafuneka asebenze yonke eziguqulweyo karhulumente wavunywa ngo-1934, yaye ukususela 1938 sasicacisa imisebenzi ephambili ngamaziko afana, uMenzi isakhiwo yamaziko, ibhalwe postulates eziguqulweyo ukusebenza, ootitshala isikhokelo kuqaliswa.

Kule 40 zenkulungwane lokugqibela, imfundo yabantwana abasaqalayo ifikelele angazange elo xesha kweminwe. Ukufikelela uqeqesho ezamahala wafumana abantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini kwilizwe liphela.

Ngowe-1959, ukuba entsha ngokupheleleyo pre-school zemfundo ngohlobo kwiikhritshi. Ezi abazali ukuthumela kids zabo abaneminyaka eyi-2 ukuya ku-7, ngaloo ndlela yenze ingxaki kwi emagxeni ootitshala emfundo oluntu kwaye yokukhulula ixesha simahla ukuqhuba umsebenzi.

ngokutsha ebanzi kwinkqubo yemfundo, leyo kuthwalelwa phandle kweli lizwe lethu kwixesha ukususela 80s emva kowama-90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela yakhokelela lokusekwa "Concept wemfundo yabasaqalayo." Uxwebhu linegama inani imigaqo esisiseko, ezibe ukulandela ootitshala bekhulisa abantwana:

1. Humanization - uphuhliso lomsebenzi onzima, intlonipho yamalungelo abanye, uthando usapho kunye nehlabathi ngaphandle.
2. Uphuhliso Personality - Ukomelezwa impilo ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni bomntwana, kunceda ekuqondeni iziseko iingcamango kunye nomsebenzi.
3. Ngamnye kwaye zahlula-mfundo - ke utyekelo nophuhliso umntwana, uqeqesho lwakukhula ngokusekelwe izinto zabo, kunye nezakhono.
4. Deideologization - Ukuxelwa imilinganiselo yabantu, eli ligatya ukungabi ethile ekuphumezeni iinkqubo zemfundo.

amaziko mali

imibutho mali azinakanwa orientation non-ngeniso, nangenxa yomthetho ngabasemagunyeni, imizimba self-government wengingqi ukubonelela ngeenkonzo kuluntu kwimfundo yabantwana yasekuqaleni. Le impahla kula maziko bangamalungu kurhulumente yi ekunene, kodwa kuzimela ulawulo lokulahlwa koogunyaziwe zemfundo.

Exhaswayo eziguqulweyo zikawonke-mali ngendlela kwezibonelelo. imibutho abanjalo akuvumelekanga ekwenzeni ushishino, ukuba ufumana ingeniso ijoliswe ekufezekiseni iinjongo awayidalayo iziko.

amaziko azimeleyo

inkqubo yemfundo Pre-school lubonisa ithuba lombutho kwamaziko azimeleyo. Olu didi lubandakanya namaziko kwizifundo ze-Russian Federation ngenxa yokubonelela ngeenkonzo zemfundo.

Ngezimali eziguqulweyo elizimeleyo ngokuxhaphaza-mali owakho umnyibilikisi, ngokusebenzisa iinkxaso okanye izibonelelo. Iinkonzo Woluntu kunikwa apha ibe ihlawulwe kwaye simahla. Lo mhlaba kwamaziko azimeleyo yabelwa kulawulo, wayinikela ulawulo ezimeleyo.

Imisebenzi zamaziko mihla emfundo uthole

Ngoku ukwaba imisebenzi enjalo ukusebenza kwemibutho zemfundo pre-school:

• nokukhuthaza impilo yengqondo neyomzimba kwabantwana, nokukhuselwa ubomi abafundi;
• yokuqinisekisa ukukhula lwentlalo buqu, uphuhliso ubuchule yokuthetha, ukwaneliseka kweemfuno zobugcisa ;
• kids zemfundo ngokuxhomekeke iminyaka yabo, uphuhliso uthando ihlabathi, intlonipho inkululeko namalungelo abanye abantu;
• intsebenziswano kunye nabazali, ukunika isikhokelo kunye neengcebiso kwiintsapho abaselula.

Utitshala yemfundo yamaziko angaphambi kokuya

Umsebenzi ophambili katitshala - uphuhliso ubuntu ngamnye ezikhethekileyo umntwana, ukubhengezwa iziseko kwimbono yehlabathi, ukuyilwa amaxabiso ngokunxulumene kwindalo kunye noluntu.

Mfundisi kwimfundo pre-school kufuneka iimpawu zilandelayo:

• uphuhliso yokucinga, ixesha elide kunye RAM;
• uzinzo eliphezulu ngokweemvakalelo, amanqaku ukungathathi icala, ubuchule kunye nokuziphatha;
• novelwano kwiimfuno okusingqongileyo;
• ukufumaneka ubuchule bokuyila;
• ukukwazi ukuswitsha ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza;
• ububele, ukunyamezelana, ubulungisa, inyathelo.

Types of enkulisa lwangoku

Banikwa imfuneko ukusebenza kunye namaqela yobudala ahlukeneyo kunye ukujoliswa athile kids zemfundo ngamnye, kukho ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zamaziko emfundo zabasakhasayo:

1. enkulisa Traditional - liphumeza iinkqubo zoqeqesho okuqhelekileyo imfundo yabantwana.
2. Enkulisa yabantwana abakwiminyaka yokuqala - ilungiselela abafundi abaminyaka ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-3. Inoxanduva lokuphendla ukudalwa kweemeko ezivumayo nezincomekayo ekhuthaza ukufundiswa koluntu kwangethuba nolwamkelo abantwana ehlabathini.
3. Enkulisa abantwana abadala, iminyaka uthole - ukuphumeza inkqubo yemfundo esisiseko, kwaye kananjalo inxaxheba ekufundiseni abantwana yobudala engama 5-7 kumaqela ezizodwa, apho banikwa amathuba alinganayo ukuze uphumelele elizayo esikolweni.
4. ukuchacha eziguqulweyo kunye kweliso - ifezekiswe inkqubo pre-school nje kuphela, kodwa wenziwe umsebenzi zogutyulo lwelindle zothintelo, ezempilo kunye.
5. Uhlawula amaziko - ugxininiso yenziwa phezu abaqeqeshiweyo ulungiso abafundi ukukhubazeka engqondweni nasemzimbeni.
6. Enkulisa nge phambili umsebenzi othile - ukongeza kwimfundo ngokubanzi, ootitshala kuhlangana zemfundo, umntu, iimeko zasekuhlaleni, ubuhle kunye neemfuno bezobugcisa usana.

Ekuphetheni

Nangona inkqubo ngokwentelekiso ephuhliswe kakuhle zamaziko emfundo pre-school nangoku ngumba olunameva kwilizwe lethu luhlala ukuphuculwa kwabasebenzi zokufundisa, ukuyilwa neempawu lootitshala ngezizathu bengqondo humanistic.

ukuvezwa elipheleleyo isakhono zokufundisa, ukwandisa isakhono yootitshala,-imfundo ukuzeyisa, ixesha langoku kunye nophuhliso kwamaziko oqeqesho labantwana kwenkqubo - konke oku yenye yeengxaki njengezona nkalo zitshisa ibunzi kwimfundo yabantwana yasekuqaleni.