Iindlela iziphakamiso zonxibelelwano kwisicatshulwa. Unxibelelwano lwe magama kwizivakalisi

Text - iseti izindululo ezinxulumene enye kwenye intsingiselo ngokwegrama. intshumayelo Ngokuvumelana kunye nokusasazwa ingcamango esisiseko ngokusebenzisa amagama athile, izafobe kunye nesantya onokufikelela ubunye isimbo. Iindlela iziphakamiso zonxibelelwano kwisicatshulwa ukunika ulondolozo eliqhubekekayo iingcinga ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isakhiwo sayo.

Ubume wesicatshulwa

Ukubunjwa itekisi, njengoko umthetho, iqulathe ezintathu: intshayelelo, esibalisayo isiphelo. Ngolwimi Russian kukho iintlobo ezininzi itekisi, kuxhomekeka kubume.

1. Linear - ngxelo ezilandelanayo izibakala okanye iziganeko.
2. Yama - Itekisi yahlulwe, ngokuthe ngcembe endaweni omnye ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ingqibelelo intsingiselo.
3. Concentric - utshintsho ukusuka kwenye ingcamango ukuya kwenye kunye ukubuyela iingcamango sele wavakalisa.
4. Parallel - indlela ukuthelekiswa isiganeko omnye komnye.
5. Ezahlukene - namabali into ngabom components ngamnye ukudala ngamayelenqe.
6. Ring - ukubuyela umfundi ekupheleni okubhaliweyo kwabo sele ichazwe ekuqaleni ingcamango ukuba bahlaziye ulwazi emva kwabazana ngokupheleleyo kwesi sifundo.
7. Contrast - isetyenziselwa unokuthelekisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zetekisi.

Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwane phakathi nezivakalisi kwitekisi yonke, kukulayinisha imihlathi. Bona ndilibalule intsingiselo kunye nohlelo. kumhlathi ngasinye isifundo encinane, iye logic kwaye iphelele ncam.

Ukubunjwa itekisi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwintetho

Kuxhomekeka izincedisi isimbo, isakhiwo itekisi inokuba nomahluko. Umzekelo, ababhali imisebenzi yobugcisa kunqabile ngqo babene engqongqo. style Art kumosha kobude kunye nobudlelwane spatiotemporal. Ukwakhiwa esekelwe phezu imisebenzi yokwakha ngokwengqiqo.

Le mibhalo lesayensi, isimbo journalistic okanye ishishini ngokuqhelekileyo luqhutywa ngokwesicwangciso. Umzekelo, usebenzisa intetho "Ukuqiqa" kufuneka ngokucacileyo yakhiwe ziindawo eziquka ithisisi ubungqina kunye neziphumo.

Hambisa - unit umbhalo

Imihlathi yesicatshulwa enze iziphakamiso. Ziqulethe umgwebo ngokupheleleyo, ancedwa ngolwalamano lwesemantiki, zegrama syntactical kwamagama kwisivakalisi. Ulwalamano syntactic kuxhomekeke umyalelo kunye nentsingiselo yamagama nokwakhiwa kwezivakalisi. uqhagamshelo lwegrama kuqinisekiswa yi ukusetyenziswa izihlanganisi, izimelabizo neentlobo etshintshayo yegama. ubudlelwane yesemantiki kwenza semantics lwemithetho kunye nokusetyenziswa imvakalozwi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo onikela amabinzana, amagama leyo iphakamisa okhethekileyo.

Iintlobo obuchopho amazwi ibinzana

igama kwi binzana angangena a co okanye uqhagamshelwano owayamileyo. Relations phakathi kwamalungu ibinzana apho igama kuxhomekeke enye, idala iimfuno ezithile zegrama. igama oxhomekekileyo yecebo iimpawu umahluko morphological yelizwi ephambili, okt, kudityaniswe oko ngexesha, inombolo, isini kunye icala.

ubuhlobo owayamileyo, apho ilizwi uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo nomthwalo imilo amagama eziphambili echaza uhlobo lolawulo "ukuvumelana". Amagama asetyenziswa ngendlela enye inombolo, ityala, okanye uhlobo. Umzekelo: a intyatyambo entle, intombazana encinane, ibhola eluhlaza. Kukho kwakhona imbono buso yoxolelaniso, xa amagama ezahlukeneyo uhlobo: Ugqirha wam, unobhala yesazela. Amaninzi angene kwisivumelwano uze ugqibezele isibizo isichazi (ixesha ebelidlula), izimelabizo, amanani.

I-Ofisi lulwahlulo isenzo kunye isifundo, oko kukuthi, ebonisa orientation yayo. Njengoko igama Oxhomekeke idla sisibizo okanye inxalenye zokuthetha buyisela kuye (isiphawulo, ixesha ebelidlula). Igama lwentsebenziswano kweli binzana iba nesenzi, isihlomelo, okanye isibizo. Umzekelo: funda iphephandaba, inyama, yedwa kunye noyise.

Junction yabangela semantics kuphela. Xa Uhlobo kuhlangana wambumba amabinzana of nethi, igrafu nemizobo kunye nezihlomelo, izibizo adla ngokusetyenziswa. Umzekelo: ukucula ngobuhle, ufuna ukutya, intle kakhulu.

bond Coordinative kwamagama kwisivakalisi

Imiqolo magama kwisivakalisi ukuze izakubanodibaniso kuphela ngaphakathi intsingiselo ngokwegrama, yaye musa kuxhomekeka ngamnye ezinye iimpawu modifiable. Amagama ukuba sibe nolwalamano olunjalo, ngenjongo ukuze babe ngamalungu yohlobo olunye okanye owahlukeneyo. Oku kusetyenziswa ixabiso nemibutho nokuhlangana, contrastive kunye ukuqhekeka. series Asyndetic ezinxulumene imvakalozwi kuphela.

Ngena kwi bond coordinative kusenokuba nayiphi na inxalenye yokuthetha. Kaninzi kwisivakalisi imiqolo ngokwegrama oluzimeleyo kuba ngelizwi elifanayo. Kulo mzekelo, ngamnye amazwi inani ezahlukeneyo kwasasazeka.

iindlela Syntactic lwamagama zonxibelelwano kwisivakalisi

Esi sindululo iyunithi enzima ngakumbi syntax ulwimi Russian, kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi kwamagama zenzeka branched ngakumbi kwisindululo. Isiphakamiso isiseko zegrama ungadluliselwa amalungu ezincinane. Le uqhagamshelwano phakathi intloko nesivisa umahluko iimpawu phakathi nokunikelwa kusuka athi: ubudlelwane Isimaphambili phakathi kwamagama zidityaniswe, awukwazi kuvuka.

Unxibelelwano evela Isiphakamiso phakathi kwamalungu oyintloko:

• alinganayo - amagama zitshintshiwe ngaxeshanye, ukunyenyisa omnye kuthiwa nolungelelaniso. (Rainy Autumn);
• engavezwanga - magama musani ukuba bathandane, babiza nangomlilo zabo. (UYise emsebenzini);
• kabini - Isimaphambili libhekisela igama / isimelabizo (isifundo), yaye inxalenye yakhe ngomlomo. (Sister babuyela esikolweni ediniwe).

Secondary yesivakalisi iya kuba uxhulumaniso owayamileyo kunye isiseko zegrama, ukwakha amabinzana.

Izindululo ukuba babe iziseko ezibini okanye ngaphezulu zegrama kuthiwa ezintsonkothileyo. Phakathi kweengxenye yabo kwenzeka ubudlelwane alinganayo okanye ngaphantsi. Bond kwisivakalisi oluntsonkothileyo yenziwa ngokusebenzisa zobumbano kunye nentsingiselo.

amagama Communication kwizivakalisi ezimbaxa

Slozhnosochinennye esimbaxa (MTP) izindululo ebalasele inkcazelo iziganeko alinganayo ngaxeshanye. Iinxalenye zesindululo ezizimeleyo enye kwenye yaye khona ngokwahlukeneyo elula ezimbini, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umthwalo kwisemantiki. Connect base ezimbini-ntetho (kunye okanye ngaphandle amalungu eziziisekondari) ngokulungelelanisa izihlanganisi. lidala, nokuxhuma contrastive: Kukho amaqela amathathu omkhulu. Igama leqela ngalinye ukuchaza indlela ndlela zesemantiki ukuyamanisa iinxalenye ezimbini isivakalisi esimbaxa.

umnikelo Conjunctionless (BSP) Kwakhona libhekisela iqhina coordinative. iziseko eyahlukeneyo yegrama ezahlulwa iimpawu zokubhala, imvakalozwi kunye nentsingiselo.

ngaphantsi indlela yonxibelelwano kwisivakalisi ichazwa nje kuphela amabinzana. Uhlobo esilandelayo isivakalisi esimbaxa isekelwe phezu ngaphantsi izabelo enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezinye. isivakalisi esimbaxa (CPR) ukhandwa yimibutho kunye namagama union, ukuba intsingiselo eyahlukileyo. Kuxhomekeka phezu iintlobo zazo ixabiso cell ukuba amagatya (izizathu, ixesha, indawo, imeko, njalo njalo. P.).

Amaxesha amaninzi, ingakumbi indlela zobugcisa journalistic, kukho WBS kunye amagatya ezininzi. kukho ezahlukeneyo uxhulumaniso owayamileyo kwezi meko:

• Uthotho - Offer zixhomekeke enye kwenye kwi "chain": Isigaba sesibini yowokuqala, eyesithathu yesibini, etc;..
• parallel - enye amagatya zahlukile kuhlobo;
• efanayo - ingxenye main zibandakanya paranasal eziliqela ezifanayo.

kwezivakalisi Complex ungakwazi ngaxeshanye ukudibanisa iqhina coordinative (ngokohlobo MSP kunye BSP) kunye ngaphantsi.

iziphakamiso Communication

Iindlela iziphakamiso zonxibelelwano kwisicatshulwa yahlulwe ezimbini eziphambili: lezibuko ne ngaxeshanye. amabali yokulandelelana luphawulwa nophuhliso ngokuthe ngcembe yaye ubhalo ingcinga engundoqo. Imixholo isindululo owandulela lo iba isiseko a kwitsheyini elitsha njalo. Njengoko njengendlela yonxibelelwano linika; kulo mzekelo, inokuba ntonye, izihlanganisi, izimelabizo, associative kunye ezifanayo kwisemantiki.

Uxhulumaniso ukufana phakathi isindululo isekelwe uthelekiso okanye umahluko. Uninzi iitekisi besebenzisa unxibelelwano ukufana luphawulwa ukusetyenziswa isivakalisi enye njenge "data" yophuhliso kunye concretization ingcamango. Ukuze kufikelelwe okukhona, iindlela ezifanelekileyo syntactic, lungelelanisa kunye morphological kwezindululo zonxibelelwano kwisicatshulwa.

iindlela lungelelanisa iziphakamiso zonxibelelwano

Ngonxibelelwano lungelelanisa ababhali isicelo aze asebenzise ukudala zombini esibalisayo lezibuko ne ngaxeshanye. Kulo mzekelo, njengoko esebenzisa izindululo zonxibelelwano ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela zilandelayo.

1. ezinikezwa lungelelanisa - abumi ukusetyenziswa kwamagama kunye neefom, imixube eziphambili.
2. Amagama bephuma kwiqela weendawo.
3. Okufanayo kufakwe nye.
4. Izichasi.
5. Amagama kunye nendibaniselwano yayo phakathi intsingiselo uxhulumaniso ubhalo (Noko ke, le nto, kumqukumbelo kunye m. P.).

Ukusebenzisa isigama kwezindululo zonxibelelwano ngokusisiseko ezendeleyo ebalini serial.

iindlela Morphological iziphakamiso zonxibelelwano

iindlela morphological zonxibelelwano ngokusekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zentetho, ezinako ukunxulumana izindululo omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Nomphumela ezicingisisiweyo kuphela xa ngolandelelwano oluchanekileyo lwamagama.

zihlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo iindlela Morphological yonxibelelwano phakathi zindululo.

1. Allied amagama, izihlanganisi kunye amasuntswana asetyenziswe ekuqaleni kwesivakalisi.
2. kwezimelabizo kunye zokwalatha, leyo indawo amazwi iziphakamiso zangaphambili.
3. Izibizo indawo, ixesha, ezinxulumene ngayo intsingiselo izivakalisi ezimbalwa kwisicatshulwa.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha okuqhelekileyo enza izivisa ngomlomo.
5. Amaqondo yokuthelekisa lwezihlomelo kunye nezichazi enxulumene isindululo elidlulileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa efanelekileyo okukhona kwaye indaba yokulandelelana.

iindlela Syntactic iziphakamiso zonxibelelwano

izindululo yobeko bond kwitekisi siyifumana ngabom ngokusebenzisa enye yezi ndlela:

• okukhona syntactic (ulandelelwano lwamagama efana kunye noyilo morphological);
• ukhululo ekwakhiweni kwezivakalisi kunye nobhaliso yalo iyunithi elizimeleyo zetekisi;
• ukusebenzisa izivakalisi ezingaphelelanga ;
• ukusetyenziswa loyilo ezitshayelela, izibheno, imibuzo buciko, njl.;
• Inversion nocwangco igama ngqo.

iminikelo yobeko bond uphawu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kakade ke, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngakumbi kwaye engaqhelekanga inokubonwa kuphela kwiincwadi zamabali okanye yintatheli.

Iindlela ezichazwe zezindululo yonxibelelwano kwisicatshulwa kuphela kunokwenzeka. Konke kuxhomekeke indlela itekisi kunye nezimvo lombhali. iitekisi zoncwadi bengengabo imida ecacileyo - bakwazi ukuhlangabezana iintlobo ngeentlobo zonke iinketho uxhulumaniso kunokwenzeka. amaxwebhu Scientific and-ishishini esemthethweni anemibhalo ecacileyo kwaye yakhiwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ekuqiqeni kunye nobudlelwane lwendawo-temporal.