Iindawo zendalo Urals: itafile kunye nenkcazo

Phambene Iintaba Wasolula ukusuka emaqeleni Kazakh ukuya Arctic kunxweme. Ububanzi ubunzima rock ivela 100 ukuya-400 km, kwaye ubude mkhulu kuno-2.5 amawaka. Km. Natural Urals zone ziquka zonke iintlobo: ukusuka Umbala ezibandayo emaqeleni esemazantsi.

Intaba Uluhlu yahlulelwe kwii ariya ngokuxhomekeke zejoloji, imozulu, kunye nezinye iimeko. Emva kokubona iimpawu zazo oluneenkcukacha, sinako ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na iindawo zendalo Urals zinemali izeziphi ahlwempuzekileyo ngokwemiqathango enezityalo nezilwanyana ezikhoyo.

Urals polar

iindawo zendalo Polar phambene thaca eyetundra ihlathi. UNcedo lo mxokelelwane isabelo ntaba kuyilwa ngenxa iqabaka yemozulu, apho yabumba amatye placers (kurums kunye nomhlaba kufuze). ubushushu bomhlaba Permafrost uthelekisa ehlotyeni ekhokelela solifluction.

Iintlobo ezibalaseleyo isiqabu - ithafa kuyo imizila glaciation. namadlelo ayo abe intlambo ngohlobo emikhombeni. incam etsolo kuphela ezi ziphakamileyo. Esiluhlaza namageduka ubonakala emzantsi we polar Urals endhawini of the People and saber.

Urals Polar iimeko zemozulu kumanzi yaye kubanda. Ehlotyeni, uninzi yamafu rhoqo imvula. Umndilili weqondo ngenyanga kaJulayi - ukususela-8 ukuya 14 ºC. Ebusika elide yaye kubanda kakhulu. lobushushu Januwari-avareji ayidluli -20 ºC. kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo permafrost. Emathafeni, ngenxa blizzards, snowdrifts ezinkulu ndakubumba. I-avareji imvula yonyaka ka-500 (emantla) 800 (ezantsi) mm kwemvula.

Imihlaba nezihluma Polar Urals

Natural indawo Urals kuchaphazela umhlaba kunye nezityalo, nto leyo akukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngasentla, kumathafa kumathafa kwiindawo weentaba abapasileyo. Xa iziko kukho kuniphangalalisa amatye kunye nezityalo kancinane okanye hayi. Xa unyawo izilwanyana kumathafa zimelwe ubulembu, ulele kunye amatyholo. Kwinxalenye osemazantsi kuzo zonke iinkalo ehlathini, kodwa ixabiso lazo kule mhlaba mncinane.

Amahlathi yokuqala ezincinanana larch inqabe kuvela iintili, ibekwe kwi kwithambeka empumalanga kufutshane 68º. w. Le yinxalenye iliwa ngobuninzi luphawulwa ubukhulu elisezantsi inshorensi ikhephu kunye nemozulu zicaca yezwekazi. Ngoko ke, kukho iimeko ezithandwa ubomi bezityalo. Kwi-Arctic Circle larch amahlathi spruces sobisi nemisedare, nangasezantsi ngakumbi - nemisipres kunye pine.

Running umthetho enye umdla ngokuphathelele ukukhula larch kunye nespruce amahlathi. Iimeko kubo ngaphezulu kwe kummango kunokuba kwiindawo eflethini. Isizathu kukuba kwamanzi kunye lobushushu urhulumente.

Severnyy phambene

Lo mmandla ibekwe ngqo kwi ithe cwaka 59th, Ngamakrele ngasezantsi iqala ize iphele Konzhakovsky Stone. I-avareji ukuphakama iziko - m 700 ngentla komgangatho wolwandle. Oku kuquka kolundi olusempuma nasentshona. Eyokuqala kwezi a yamanzi. Uninzi kwiincopho azikho elibukhali, kodwa elirhangqiweyo.

Ngokucacileyo ibonakale 3-4 ulungelelwaniso kumphezulu yamandulo. Enye inkalo eziphawuleka kukho isiqabu - oko ezininzi masimu obhudlayo ibekwe ngaphezu komphakamo yemithi, okanye emdeni wabo aphezulu. Ezi zithinteli zahlukile kakhulu nje kuphela iintaba ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kumacala esahlukileyo. iimeko zemozulu ezifanayo kwindawo edlulileyo, kodwa hayi kakhulu. I-avareji imvula ngonyaka mm phezu 800 kwemvula, ingakumbi kumathambeka zibheke entshonalanga. Komphunga amanzi avela kumphezulu kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu eli xabiso, leyo imimandla mgxobhozo unobangela lobukho.

Enezityalo nezilwanyana yoMntla Urals

ihlathi Boreal maleko rhoqo cover lwentaba. Emathafeni ugcinwe kuphela iinduli kunye namatye, zisendaweni ukuphakama kuyimitha 700-800. Ihlathi Dark coniferous boreal ibandakanya ikakhulu nespruce. Fir ekhula kwiindawo apho umhlaba uchume ngakumbi. Cedar uncamela emathafeni Amathafa kwaye unamatye. Kugcwele amahlathi nespruce moss eluhlaza kunye evame, leyo ziqhelekile hlathi ephakathi. Xa nencam yomntla bona baya kungena emahlathini ezinqabileyo kunye ezininzi imigxobhozo.

Pinery apha - lo mba we yimiyalezo. indima yalo abadumileyo kubume ezantsi kubonakala 62º. m., phezu kwithambeka empumalanga. Kuphela apha kukho iimeko ithembisa ukuba ukukhula ompayina: imihlaba ezinamatye kunye nemozulu owomileyo yezwekazi. Isabelo kwamahlathi Sukachev larch liphantsi kakhulu kwi Polar Urals. Bekhula kunye ityholwana alder kunye ezinde egwenxa.

iindawo zendalo Urals Northern - ikakhulu hlathi, kunye ezincinane zeendawo kumathafa. zezilwanyana Local iqulathe abameli ngokuqhelekileyo zamahlathi coniferous. Sable ehlala khona, apho imisedare zikhule. Kukho wolverines, ebomvu kunye voles engwevu adle. Phila ngabameli zilandelayo avifauna: bethengisa nenciniba, waxwing, nutcracker kunye nabanye.

Kwicala ngasentshonalanga, efikelela kuyo umlambo igama elifanayo, ibekwe Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve, ebonisa ezinye iindawo zendalo le Urals. Ngomnye inkulu eRashiya. Igcina imbonakalo lokuqala leli hlathi ntaba, badlula phakathi.

Sredniy phambene

Sredniy phambene ngenkankulu kwatshintsha ukuma ngenxa leeshifti ziitectonic plates. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iincopho mpuluswa kwaye ephantsi. I inkulu kubo zibekwe kwi-800 m Railway umendo -. Perm Ekaterinburg iwela kummango kwintaba ephakame yeemitha 410 Mountains ezimbini wabatshabalalisa, ekhokelela ekulahlekeni umsebenzi yamanzi .. Oku kungqinwe umlambo Chusovaya kunye Ufa, evela kwi kumathambeka wasempumalanga, yade ukuya ngasentshona. River iintili abanzi nesilungiselelwe, oku kuboniswa ematyeni ezintle ukwanekwa kwendawo iibhedi komlambo.

Phambene, iindawo Sredniy zendalo emele hlathi southern kunye ihlathi-emathafeni, kakhulu bekhululekile ngakumbi ukuze abantu bahlale ngaphezu North. Nehlobo ufudumele nokude kakhulu imvula ngonyaka - ukususela mm 500 ukuya 600. Kuthetha ukuba ubushushu Julayi - ukususela nge-16 ukuya kwi-18 ºC. nefuthe lweMozulu kwimihlaba kunye nohlaza. hlathi Southern ise kwiindawo ezisemantla, kunye ihlathi-emathafeni - apha eMzantsi.

Le enezityalo nezilwanyana kuMbindi Urals

Kumathambeka yasempumalanga nasentshonalanga kukho utyani abahluke. Kwi-Trans-phambene emaqeleni bafudukela kakhulu ngakumbi emantla ngaphezu kwi Urals, apho bafumana iziqithi kuphela ngamnye. Mount ashinyeneyo umaleko oluqhubekayo, kuphela iincopho athile bavuke ngasentla umda zone hlathi. Alawulwa hlathi, equka nespruce kunye nemisipres kunye neendawo ngamahlathi pine. amahlathi Mixed (nespruce, msipres, ezinde, Linden) ziqhelekile kwimimandla ekumzantsi-ntshona.

Inani elikhulu lwamahlathi ezinde ibekwe kulo lonke eMiddle Urals. Bona ezindaweni ukugawula ihlathi coniferous kuvuka. mmandla Urals zemvelo isakhiwo uphawu ubukumkani izilwanyana. Iintlobo ngeentlobo zamahlathi kunye nemozulu efudumeleyo negalelo into yokuba inani labameli zezilo ukusuka ezantsi landa. abemi imifuziselo kuMbindi Urals - lokhwalimanzi, nentulo, Hamster, imbila. Phakathi avifauna wendlela umlonji, lo oriole, greenfinch. Izirhubuluzi zimelwe njengenyoka, copperhead, namacilikishe.

Landscape iphondo Middle Urals

• Urals avareji. Le yehewu, phezulu ukuze kubude 500 ukuya-600 m. Oku inqumla kuthungelwano oxineneyo iintili lomlambo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuqhubeka avuzayo iinkqubo karst kwabangela ukuba ukuyilwa amachibi ezininzi nemiqolomba iifanela. kwamanzi kuthintela ukuyilwa anemigxobhozo, nangona imali enkulu imvula. Kugcwele amahlathi coniferous egalelwe namabala yehlathi.
• Centre Middle Urals ngentetho liphezulu ephakeme. ukuphakama kwayo lincinane, ngoko wambu phantse ngokupheleleyo hlathi.
• Umyinge Trans-Urals. Lo plain ophakamileyo, ehamba calanye kakuhle Oriental. Kuye elithi Outliers, nakummango igranite nezitya chibi. Kugcwele amahlathi nompleyini ehlambulukileyo, umxube yayo kunye nezinye imithi. Kwinxalenye osemantla ezifumileyo ezininzi. Yasehlathini-emathafeni phambili kude emantla kuthelekiswa kummandla Urals. landscape Siberian ukunika imilo amahlathi ezinde.

Yuzhnyy phambene

Lo mmandla yohlukile phambene kummango medium iincopho eziphakamileyo (Iremel, 1582 m; Yamantau, 1640 m). Yamanzi lwenziwa kwi kummango Uraltau, nto leyo ifumaneka ukuya ngasempuma kwaye babengabafo abade. Le nto ndiyibhalayo schist. Kule ndawo elilawulwa yi isiqabu iintaba medium of. iincopho Goltseva Yahlula ngaphaya izowuni ehlathini. kumphezulu wazo flat, kodwa a kumathambeka iliwa kudla kunye ezininzi masimu. ezihambayo yamandulo esele nakummango kunye Zigalga Iremel ukulanda umkhondo zeentshukumo zabo.

peneplain Yuzhnouralsky yengenanto, ukuba isongwe kunye nesiseko wavuswa. Oku dissected yi iintili komlambo, okufana eyingozi. Zauralsky peneplain ukwakweli kwithambeka osempuma, iphawulwa ndawo ophantsi kunye umphezulu kakuhle. Inxalenye kumantla has a lot of amachibi kunye namaqonga rock emangalisayo kunye nomlambo.

Iimeko zemozulu of Urals Southern iindawo ezininzi kweli zwekazi ngaphambili. Ihlobo zifudumeleyo, imbalela kunye yimimoya eyomileyo kuloo mmandla Urals. I-avareji lobushushu wenyanga zikhuthazayo - 20 ukuya kowama-22 ºC. Ingqele ebusika, isiciko ikhephu elo kubalulekile. Xa ntolovelo umlambo lome ngokupheleleyo ice ekwakhiweni, wabulala inani elikhulu zeentaka kunye zisaqala. imvula yonyaka isusela ukusuka 400 ukuya-600 kwi elingasezantsi ukuya kwelingasentla apho mmandla.

Enezityalo nezilwanyana of South phambene

iindawo zendalo Urals Southern zinikwa kwiindawo emathafeni kunye ihlathi. Flora cover befana socando altitudinal. Chernozem emathafeni lifana kwiindawo ezisezantsi njengomthombe esihlanjeni. Kwiindawo apho Nyengane kunokubonwa ehlathini kunye admixture of oluqinile.

Forest emathafeni luthathe Yuzhnoural'skiy peneplain, nelamaxandeka olusempuma kwimimandla esemantla yasendle. Flora iquka emathafeni ngomxube kunye nabemi boreal.

Itheyibhile: imimandla yendalo phambene

zocando lwemida Natural uluhlu phambene ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

iindawo zendalo phambene, ngokufutshane kubonisiwe kule theyibhile bakwazi ukulandela utshintsho yabo kancinane kwicala ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi.