Iimpawu glomerulonephritis kunye ngonyango

Ntoni uxilongo 'glomerulonephritis "? Eli gama libhekisela ukudumba nezintso, apho isakhiwo eziphambili zabo - glomerulus - ezonakeleyo ngenxa yezitenxo kwi nezifo lakhe. Iimpawu Glomerulonephritis ngesiqhelo emva izifo ezithile lwangaphambili (ingakumbi streptococcal umqala obuhlungu), emzimbeni, nxamnye komzimba kunye nezifo samathambo ngenxa yezizathu letyhefu ngaphantsi. Ichaphazela zombini izintso kwangoko.

wenza njani le kwizintso?

umzimba lo guy yeyona igazi kakhulu kunene. Kungenxa kwimikhumbi ezininzi wezintso kwaye yokwaluka isebenza kangangokuba kakuhle ukuba ngokuba "womnatha emangalisayo." Loo igazi esebenzayo kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba baqhube umsebenzi esisiseko - lonke igazi filter yesibini, bazahlule amacandelo ezingeyomfuneko yaye amanye amanzi uzisondeze umchamo, ngoko umzimba ubizwa ngokuba "plasma ultrafiltrate". Ngenxa yoko, ngamnye kidney day "iphathwa" malunga 150 iilitha plasma, afunyenwe ngenxa yokuba malunga 1.5 iilitha ezi filtrate (ngesiqhelo abantwana kunye nabantu abadala kufuneka abunjwe ubuncinane 1 ml / ubunzima bomzimba kg ngeyure, kodwa hayi ngaphezulu kwe-3 ml / kg / ngeyure).

Kukho iingongoma ezimbini eziphambili kwi kidney:

1) product, apho ibhola kudlala. Igazi udlula i "yokugalela" ezithile. Ngenxa yoko, iiprotheni, izinto zeselula kunye amanye amanzi abuyele egazini, yaye yapheliswa kweziyobisi plasma ukuya phambili kwi tubules le nephron.

2) sokufunxa umva. Ngale ndlela, igazi kusingathwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo tubules, kwaye yeyela umchamo kakhulu ipesenti encinane isixa yokuqala ulwelo, electrolytes encinane ezifanelekileyo, initrogen, izinto eziyityhefu kunye neziyobisi, leyo ithe yachithwa kwi plasma.

Ngaphandle ukuba kidney okucoca igazi, oko inxaxheba kuphuhliso kwezinto eziyimfuneko ukuze ukuthoba uxinzelelo lwegazi, kwaye kananjalo izinto ezinjalo ezivuselela imveliso erythrocytes.

Ngenxa yokuba apho kukho iimpawu ze glomerulonephritis?

1. usuleleko Streptococcal: lacunar okanye tonsils (ngokuqhelekileyo), umqala obuhlungu, isikhumba izilonda pustules - impetigo. Kulo mzekelo, amajoni omzimba "uyakhumbula" ukukhangela indlela iStreptococcus iantigens-utshaba, nangenxa isakhiwo inwebu kidney kufana le bacterium, lo glomerulus ezintso abachaphazelekayo kunye nephron.
2. Ezinye izifo:

- nokudumba igciwane, inyumoniya, endocarditis, wabangela flora coccal, meningococcal, yicesina ;

- virus: hepatitis B, "ihagu", irhashalala, enterovirus;

- izifo ezibangelwa lenyama: seengcongconi, toxoplasmosis.

3. Ukuqaliswa ezahlukeneyo omzimba iziyobisi, serum, okugonya. Kulo mzekelo, esi sifo "uyaxabana" kwiiproteni amazwe (ezi amalungiselelo zenziwa ngokusekelwe iiproteni yezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo ezifana namahashe). Complex "Isilwa kunye omzimba wakhe" isalityaziswa kufuphi glomerulus wezintso kwaye konakalise ngayo.

4. Izifo zeNkqubo: periarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus zomzimba, Goodpasture engqondweni, vasculitis. Kule meko, ngokufuthi ukusekwa antibodies icandelo engundoqo kidney glomerulus - inwebu.

5. Ezinye bekhubazekile kwamajoni omzimba.

6. INgxelo perfusion kwezintso kweemeko emzimbeni kunye nokufuma eliphezulu.

iimpawu glomerulonephritis

Isifo inokuba etsolo, subacute (eyona ingozi) okanye engapheliyo. Bha ngalinye iintlobo - ukuba glomeruli ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi umonakalo kakhulu (ngamanye amaxesha kwezinye iinxalenye kidney), ngaloo ndlela ukungena kunye protein umchamo, kunye neeseli negazi. Ngokwawo, neprothini kugcina kulwelo egazini. Xa lilincinane, siqulethe omncinane imithambo yegazi, iya ancedisana. Ukuzithengela ayanda. Kwakhona, amagqabi kunye neeproteni ezifana globulin, ngenxa apho umzimba uba ezithandwa kakhulu izifo.

Ngenxa yokuphulukana egazi umchamo iphuhlisa anemia. Ukongeza, ukubandezeleka indlela ekuhlumiseni ukuyilwa iiseli ezibomvu. Kwakhona inkqubo ngokwenza into eyaphukileyo zempahla kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Iimpawu Acute of glomerulonephritis iye ezahlukeneyo, abawayo ezahlukeneyo. Babonakala kwiiveki 1-2 emva kogonyo okanye usuleleko, unako ukuqulunqa ngokukhawuleza, nga ngcembe. Iimpawu eziphambili glomerulonephritis zezi:

- ubuthathaka, intloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, ukungabi namdla;

- umkhuhlane;

- ukuncipha umlinganiselo umchamo;

- ukubonakala intlungu buthuntu kumacala omabini;

- umchamo inokuba obomvu, umbala omdaka ( "umbala ngekofu inyama"), ngamanye amaxesha shades imperceptible utshintshe, kodwa iziphumo zovavanyo umchamo lubonise ukuba kukho inani elikhulu erythrocytes elungisiweyo;

- njengokuba kuhlalutyo jikelele umchamo babediza ukuba kukho protein, iiseli ezimhlophe inani elikhulu cylinder;

- ubuso nolusezantsi imilenze iyadumba, kwaye ukudumba kunokuba zombini exineneyo ethambileyo, ngokulula ezithile; kukho umkhwa ukunwenwa kuzo esiswini, ehlise umva;

- ukuba ilahleko protein zinkulu, kwaye ulwelo exuded yi-pleural kunye kwisisu peritoneal, kwaye ingxowa intliziyo: ekhulayo nephika, kunzima ukuhamba, ukuze aphuhlise nokudumba pulmonary;

- anda blood pressure amanani ezahlukeneyo;

- lipholi eluswini, owomileyo;

- iinwele buthuntu, inkumnkum.

Mhlawumbi iseti ezahlukeneyo iimpawu, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphandle imbonakalo igazi umchamo, ukunciphisa inani layo wesifo nokudumba kwaye asikwazi ukwenza. kunqabile kakhulu, esi sifo na kubonakaliswa ngayo. Umntu bungaphumi kude kube lixesha ukuba inani elikhulu ukhozo glomeruli ukuze isebenze.

Ukuba kulo nyaka awukwazi ukumelana glomerulonephritis etsolo, kukholelwa ukuba waya kwifom ezigulo ezondeleyo. Oku lula ngokuthi:

- usuleleko esinganyangekiyo (tonsils okanye sinusitis engapheliyo, yidityaniso);

- izifo komzimba kunye sokuhlasela ezikhoyo;

- rhoqo etsolo izifo zemiphunga viral ngeli thuba.

inkqubo esinganyangekiyo kubonakaliswe yi indibaniselwano mpawu ezahlukeneyo:

- igazi kuphela umchamo, ukudumba, yaye akukho ukunyuka koxinzelelo;

- kukho, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokudumba, Nokubuyiselwa izixa ezikhulu weeproteni waya umchamo;

- uphawu eziphambili - uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, ukudumba iphantse apho, kodwa utshintsho umchamo phantse ezingabonakaliyo "yi iliso";

- oko kubonakala kuphela utshintsho umchamo, ukuba wayiqwenga uhlalutyo, nokudumba kunye nokwandisa uxinzelelo apho.

Kulo mzekelo, ukuba abanye ombane bandiqumbise exacerbation yenkqubo ezingapheliyo, iimpawu ziya kuba ngakumbi ngokucacileyo, libizwe hilaha ku glomerulonephritis oyingozi.

ukuphathwa glomerulonephritis

Therapy okokuqala wenziwe kuphela esibhedlele. Umntu oqeshwe yi alale kunye ukutya ityuwa-free kunye imali encinane kakhulu protein iziselo. Ukuba kukho ubungqina bokuba ityala izifo - inkqubo iintsholongwane emzimbeni, emva koko kwenziwe ingqalelo zangasese losulelo, imithi linokwenziwa. Ukususela oko ubonisa iimpawu glomerulonephritis, kunye nonyango luxhomekeke.

Kuba unyango nazo basebenzisa iziyobisi:

- hormone, glucocorticoids, cytostatics nokuba yokumisa self-ukutshatyalaliswa izintso;

- iziyobisi ukuphucula igazi kuqukuqela izintso;

- womchamo;

- imithi umfutho;

- ukuba kuyimfuneko, amalungiselelo protein, erythrocyte ubunzima (haemoglobin libya) elawulwa yegazi.