Iimfaniso-nkqubo loluntu

Kule mihla, kukho iindlela ezahlukileyo nkqubo yezentlalo kumazwe awahlukeneyo. ERashiya yanamhlanje, simele senze eninzi ukuze zibe a kwezentlalo, kungekhona ngamazwi kodwa nangezenzo, njengoko kubhaliwe kuMgaqo-siseko. Inkqubo yokuqala ntle uthathwa esekwe kwi German ngenkulungwane ye-19 Chancellor Otto von Bismarck ka- nkqubo yokhuseleko loluntu, kuquka kuqaliswe iiprogram ezizodwa amaqela ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo. Loo nkqubo ingqalelo corporate-ngendeb 'endala, njengoko sele ijolise ekubeni ngokwentlalo. amalungelo abemi baxhomekeke ngokuziswa kweencwadi ezikolweni zazo ekuhlaleni.

Kumazwe yamanje yaseYurophu, kukho iindlela ezintathu social nkqubo, leyo kuthiwa 'endala, American-British ne iSocial-Democratic.

In imodeli yokuqala, urhulumente unoxanduva kuphela ngenxa yokumpompoza iinzuzo zentlalo. Loo mfuziselo kwalandela eJamani, eFransi, Austria, Belgium. E West Jamani, ebizwa njalo-"rhwebo lwentlalo" yaqaliswa ngo-1946, into leyo ukudala iimeko self-ekufezekisweni abemi kuqoqosho. imali imigalelo ngezimali yi umqeshi kunye nomsebenzi, kwaye ezahlulwe kuhlobo lomsebenzi. Kulo mzekelo, social Ipolisi ye-inshorensi umgaqo ilungelo lokuba bafumane iinkonzo kwabo wenza iminikelo-mali.

Olunye uhlobo, leyo ibizwa ngokuba yaseBritani okanye American-British - inkqubo evumela urhulumente ukunika abemi kuphela iindleko zokuphila.

Izibonelelo zihlawulwa kubo bonke abaya kwinqanaba sokutya. Oku ekujoliswe uncedo loluntu ukuba amacandelo ezizezona yabemi. Le modeli -nkqubo zentlalo ye emboniselweni karhulumente eNgilani, i-United States of America, Australia.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, imodeli enye iye yaphunyezwa ebukumkanini Sweden. Umfuziselo lwentando wentlalo ngokuba kubaphangi, njengoko isebenza ezininzi kumazwe Scandanavia - eNorway, Finland kunye Denmark. Le modeli yaseScandinavia weqondo nokunikezelwa kwengeniso kwakunye inkcitho kakhulu eliphezulu xa kuthelekiswa imifuziselo emibini edlulileyo. Abameli amaqela ezahlukeneyo zentlalo banamalungelo alinganayo ngokumalunga nokhuseleko loluntu. Xa uBukumkani Sweden the Democrats Social wadala inkqubo isekelwe igatya ezifanayo yonke amaholo. Kulo mzekelo, social umgaqo isabelo esikhulu seendleko kuthwalwa ngurhulumente, ikakhulu uxanduva lokunika inkxaso kwezentlalo abemi beli lizwe. Indima ebalulekileyo kumgaqo kwezentlalo (inkcubeko, impilo, imfundo) anikwe koomasipala. Iinjongo eziphambili kwabaqulunqi-nkqubo lwentlalo "socialism Swedish" kuthiwa i-100% yengqesho kunye nokulingana yengeniso. Ekuphumezeni ezi njongo yenziwa ngokusebenzisa ingeniso ngokutsha ngokusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu,

Kuba Russia, bekuya kuba yeyona ndlela uhlobo kakhulu umdla yaseScandinavia, ekubeni ilizwe lethu amava ubambiswano loluntu lincinane noko, kodwa imibutho alomelelanga. uguqulelo Social-lwentando yesininzi karhulumente ntle uya kuvunyelwa ukuba ukufikelela kwizibhambathiso phakathi kurhulumente, inkunzi kunye nabasebenzi. Ukuqaliswa yokuqala kwisikali okuqhubekayo inkqubo yerhafu, njengoko le modeli Nordic, zibe negalelo ekuqondweni enkulu ubulungisa kwezentlalo eRashiya. Le modeli paternalistic-nkqubo loluntu wayeza kuba umdla kakhulu eRashiya. Noko ke, ukuba beze-nkqubo uxanduva lwentlalo eRashiya akunakwenzeka ukuba kunokwenzeka de ufakelo neoliberal abayi kongomisiwaka eka imbumba yoluntu kunye nentsebenziswano yoluntu.