Umngcipheko zizikhukula. Zeziphi iingcebiso labemi kwi ukuziphatha okukhuselekileyo

Izikhukhula kwiindawo ezithile ngenxa yokunyuka kwamanqanaba amanzi emilanjeni, emachibini, iilwandle kunye namanye amaqumrhu zamanzi ebangelwe ukungena kwamanzi ngesiquphe yaye obuninzi kuthiwa onogumbe. Oko kunokuthi kwenzeke ngenxa imvula, snowmelt, sase umoya, kwakunye ice hooter, ukuxinana kunye nezinye iintlekele zemvelo.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Iingcali ukuchonga iiklasi ezininzi zizikhukula. Kuxhomekeke kubo, ukwahlula nokuvavanya ngobungakanani ukusasazeka ngemiphumo kunokwenzeka. Ukuze athi kanye oko umngcipheko izikhukula, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na busengozini. Ngapha koko, okokuqala kufuneka uyazi, oko kunokukhokelela imiphumo.

Ngenxa yoko, iintlekele amancinci, xa kufikwa-ebizwa ngokuba ngomkhukula ephantsi, umonakalo idla ezincinane. Fudumeza iindawo encinane elincinane kwimimandla yonxweme, amanzi akukho ngaphezu kwe-10% lwemizimba yamanzi kummandla lomhlaba wezolimo. Oku kungqubana ndlela yokuphila yabantu.

konogumbe High waphuphuma sele 10-15% yomhlaba wezolimo. Xa baya kuqhuba ukufudusa buso zabantu. Iintlekele ezinjengezi zinako ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela kwezoqoqosho kunye nomthengi abantu basekuhlaleni, zibangela umonakalo omkhulu, zombini lwempatho kunye nezo zinto.

Asinto nzima ukuqonda oko umngcipheko izikhukula xa banendawo kwiklasi ye ezibalaseleyo. Bebugubungele emlanjeni lonke, nezikhukula malunga 50-70% yabo bonke umhlaba wezolimo, ebangela umonakalo kakhulu kwiindawo ezihlala abantu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, baphume ezele kwiidolophu eziselunxwemeni needolophana, ukukhuselwa izinto ezibalulekileyo eluntwini. umsebenzi Economic ukhubazeke ngokupheleleyo.

Xa nezikhukhula zifakwa ziindawo ezininzi, eziluncedo, izityalo mveliso, ngaphezulu kwama-70% yomhlaba sungula ku kwezolimo. Bona umonakalo izinto kakhulu kwaye ikhokelele ekufeni. Ngokupheleleyo ukhubazekile imisebenzi kule mimandla, ezibe kummandla sentlekele, nomphefumlo labemi iyatshintsha.

Kubanga zizikhukhula

Kuba ukuqonda oko umngcipheko izikhukula, yintoni na izindululo uluntu ukuziphatha okukhuselekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukwazi uhlobo ukubonakaliswa kwayo.

Ngenxa yoko, konogumbe, umzekelo, kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ikhephu ezina ukunyibilika ezintabeni. Bona phindwa phantse qho ngonyaka ngexesha elifanayo. Luphawulwa izikhukhula ezibalulekileyo wayolula Ukuphakamisa amanzi.

Izikhukula kwenzeka ngenxa ikhephu ngexesha nomkhe- neemvula ezinkulu. Kuba oku iziganeko zemozulu kakhulu kunzima ukuba ukulandelela amaza. Ukwanda yamanzi lungaba lukhulu, kodwa elifutshane elide.

Izikhukula, okubangelwa kwingxinano (ukuqokelelana womkhenkce olungaselunxwemeni) okanye ukuzihlalela amadama ice (ice Ukuxinana channel lwangaphakathi) lwenzeka ngexesha ebusika-intwasahlobo. Xa amanzi ukuxinana liphakame, kodwa ixesha elifutshane. Kwaye xa hooter ngumkhenkce, ezithi zivele ekuqaleni kobusika, izikhukula ziqhu ngakumbi.

Nabancedi bazi ukuba umngcipheko izikhukula okubangelwa ngenxa yokwanda. Alinako ukuqikelelwa kwangaphambili, oko kuqala nangaliphi na ixesha. Ngelo xesha linye amanzi liphakame ngokwaneleyo.

Xa yomtshangatshangiso breaks lwedamu, ukukhululwa ngexesha likaxakeka amanzi avela yogcino kwakheka waphuphuma iindawo ezinkulu, kanye ekonakaleni nazo endleleni egodukayo kunye namaziko oshishino.

izinto ezichaphazela

Enoba izizathu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni zizikhukula, batshabalalisa amandla omnye - lokuhamba kwamanzi. Xa ukuhlola oko umngcipheko izikhukula, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele nje kuphela indawo, saba phantsi izinto, kodwa ke Velocity flow, ubushushu bamanzi, inqanaba layo eliphezulu. ixesha ibalulekileyo yonyaka, apho kwakukho likaxakeka. Ingqwalasela ihlawulwe iireyithi ukunyuka amanzi.

Zonke ezi zinto zidityaniswe kwenza kube lula ukuqikelela ukuba yintoni ubungozi zizikhukula. OBZH kwakhona ithi asifanele silibale ngayo nezinye izisongelo. Ngaloo ndlela, kungenzeka umlilo evela ubushushu kunye nokuthintela ubushushu evela zombane kunye, ukuwa kwezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo. Asinako ukuvala amathuba ngogqabhuko bhubhane.

Iingxaki ezinkulu

Xa ugcwalise zonke intshabalalo ebangelwe ukuhamba kwamanzi. umonakalo kunokwenzeka ziya kuxhomekeka ngegalelo lako. Kodwa kunjalo kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni ubungozi zizikhukula. Ngoko ke, ngenxa yokuba babe neengxaki ezifana:

- ukukhukuliseka konxweme;

iindawo amanzi, umhlaba wezolimo, izibonelelo zorhwebo kunye noshishino -;

- izakhiwo umonakalo zobunjineli: iibhulorho, imizila kaloliwe, bezingahanjwa, amatonela, oyile negesi imibhobho;

- ukutshatyalaliswa zonxibelelwano kunye nezigqeba hydraulic: Iinkqubo unxibelelwano, amadami.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda oko onogumbe iingozi, yintoni na iingcebiso ukunciphisa iilahleko nokuthintela lokufa kwabantu kunokwenzeka. Ukongeza neziphumo ngasentla umonakalo kunokwenzeka nezakhiwo zokuhlala mveliso, kuncitshiswe ikomkhulu labo. Ngapha koko, ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni amanzi watshayela ngomaleko udaka, izahlulo yamaplanga uqalise ukubola, umhlaba phantsi isiseko ukhukuliseke.

izinto eziyeleleneyo echaphazela

Ukongeza nempembelelo edala amandla lwamanzi, musa ukulibala malunga namathuba imililo ngenxa kwiziphaluka ezimfutshane kwimigca ngamandla alenga. Kodwa kude nangoku nekuphela uluhlu lwe yintoni ubungozi zizikhukula.

Oku kunokubangela ukunqamka yamatye loessial. Kwakhona akholisa ukubakho emva izikhukula landslides, zekhephu, mudflows. umonakalo kunokwenzeka zebhayoloji le lithosfere, kwehayidrosfere kunye nomoya ngenxa yongcoliseko kwemichiza okanye radioactive zimke kwelo zwe. Nezikhukhula zihlanjwe Umaleko kumhlaba otyebileyo kwiindawo zolimo.

Kwakhona ukwanda kwezilwanyana kunye nezifo ezosulelayo yabantu kunokwenzeka. Ukunqanda uphuhliso lwabo, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba yintoni na ingozi izikhukula, yintoni na izindululo uluntu yokuziphatha ekhuselekileyo.

imithetho enzulu

Njengangoku, uninzi iintlekele zemvelo, kuquka izikhukula linakho ukuqikelelwa kwangaphambili. Kamsinya nje kukho isoyikiso, iinkonzo ezizodwa aqalile ukusebenza, injongo yazo kukuba ukunciphisa umonakalo. Ukongeza, amaziko ngobungxamo umbutho. Ngapha koko, esazi ukuba umngcipheko izikhukula ngenxa abahlanguli abantu bazama ukususa kangangoko abantu kunokwenzeka kummandla kwintlekele kunokwenzeka.

Ukuba wasondela inkathazo, kufuneka wazi imigaqo esisiseko yokuziphatha. Ngoko ke, ekubeni amanzi efika esitratweni, yenza akukho ingqiqo ukuba ushiye indlu yakho. Kufuneka ufumane phezulu kangangoko. In eziphakamileyo izakhiwo kufuneka ekhwela imigangatho ephezulu, yabucala - ukuba bafudukele imbala. Ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni na ingozi izikhukula, yintoni na izindululo labemi, ungahlala ephila.

Inyathelo lokuqala ukuba bahlale emhlabeni phezulu phambi kokufika abahlanguli. Musa ukuzama ukufumana loo dolophana nezikhukhula. Kuphela esindindeneyo isenzo iinkonzo ezizodwa kunye amaxhoba bayakwazi ukuthintela ingozi enkulu kunye nokulahlekelwa ubomi obubhetele.

izincomo zoluntu

Ukuba ulixhoba imilambo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuzama ukulondoloza ukuzola. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kususwe zonke iimpahla enzima, kukuphelisa izihlangu. Ngoxa emanzini, khangela ngeenxa zonke, fumana nayiphi na into phenyane, enithi ngenxa yabo nive kuvunywa kuzo. Akuyomfuneko ukuba ibe yokusindisa ubomi okanye umatrasi sawa. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa ikhamera kwevili, iphepha alephuze amagwebu, iibhotile zeplastiki ezingenanto amanzi. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba ukukwenza noko umngcipheko zizikhukula. Ngokufutshane: nabancedi Siyaleza ukufumana naluphi endulini. Kunokuba umthi okanye uphahla lwendlu.

Njengoko bahlela imisebenzi nokuhlangula ngoko nangoko, oko kuyimfuneko kwindawo ezinqwenelekayo silinde nje uncedo. Xa ndinifumane ningenjengendikuthandayo, kubalulekile ukuphulaphula yonke iingcebiso athobele zonke iimfuno nabancedi.

Ukuziphatha emva konogumbe

Ngelishwa, asinguye wonke ubani uyazi ukuba emva kokumka ngengozi kwamanzi kuhlala. Umzekelo, izikhukula angafaka ukonakalisa izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwigumbi, qinisekisa ukuba akukho ngozi kuwe.

Akwenzeki ukuba abase umlilo ukukhanyisa izibane, qiniseka ukuba pholisa le ndawo. Inyathelo lokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuba imibhobho igesi zingatsalelwa yonakele. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba ukujonga ukuthembeka kwenkqubo iintambo zombane, amanzi kunye nothungelwano lwemijelo.

iimeko ezizodwa

Kwiimeko ezininzi, cinga ngento umngcipheko izikhukula, abahlali emizini ekufuphi imizimba yamanzi. Kodwa kukho ezi iintlekele zemvelo, kwaye ezinkqantosini. Apho, ukuba yingozi kakhulu.

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba amanzi kwiindawo eziyimiqwebedu kungabangela iingxaki. Kodwa iingcali bazi ukuba yintoni na umngcipheko sezikhukhula entlango. Ajongeka ngequbuliso. umhlaba ngokugqithiseleyo ayikwazi nangoko ukufunxa isixa esikhulu ukufuma. Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba abantu kwiindawo eziyimiqwebedu na, njengokuba Ngumthetho, hayi zilungele isithwakumbe. Akukho naliphi zokuzifaka apha kwaye ukufakwa nezakhiwo, uyakwazi ukugcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi kwaye athathe ixesha lakhe. Ngaphezu koko, nkqu kwiintlango ngokufuthi iyilungisile iindlela ngokusebenzisa ebhedini umlambo womile.

Nanku lo eyoyikekayo intlekele yendalo - izikhukula. Ngethemba, iingcebiso kwethu kuni ayiloncedo. Kodwa ke kubhetele ukuba ngumnikazi ulwazi olunikiweyo: njengoko isitsho njalo, onibonisileyo - into forearmed!