Iimeko zendalo kunye indawo okuyo ye Norilsk hub industrial

Norilsk unit industrial ibekwe kwi Taimyr Peninsula emantla Krasnoyarsk Territory, yenye sinzima inkulu ehlabathini kwemveliso imigodi kunye nentsimbi. Nangona ukuba ibekwe ngaphezu Arctic Circle, kunye nemozulu ongqwabalala kakhulu, kwiidolophu ukuba bakhonze amashishini, ikhaya kubantu abamalunga 200,000.

History of uphuhliso

Lichaza yokuqala kwemigodi ekrwada kummandla Norilsk site kwimizi lisukela emva yeBronzi Age - hambe echibini Pyasino wafumana izinto kunye nezixhobo ezisisiseko kunyityilikiswa yayo. In XVI-XVII eminyaka isixeko engekude apha Mangazeya, abahlali ukuphuhlisa iidipozithi yobhedu. Kodwa ke ukuvalwa iNorthern Sea Route yakhokelela ekufeni kwakhe.

Xa imi- 20-lwekhulu XX, umkhenkethi odumileyo uNikolay Nikolaevich Urvantsev yaqhuba uthotho matutu, naqiniswa ubukho koovimba ezinkulu imithombo yezimbiwa kule ndawo. Eyakhiwe ngayo ngo-1921 cottage yindlu yokuqala ka Norilsk yaye alondolozwe njenge yimyuziyam.

Ngenxa ngexesha lokufunyanwa koovimba ezinkulu lwezibonelelo zendalo, ngowe-1935 kwagqitywa ukuqalisa uphuhliso lwabo. Norillag kuyo umbutho, leyo amandla yokusebenza engundoqo ababanjiweyo zentsimbi. amabanjwa Gulag bakha imizi-mveliso, amatonela, izibonelelo kunye nezindlu. Sele ngo 1941 permafrost bona bakha zeenqwelomoya, imizila kaloliwe, iifektri-4, emigodini wemba 6 enkwalini eziliqela. inkampu hinde yavalwa ngo-1956, kunye nokuphuhliswa ngakumbi Norilsk weSithili Industrial (CPD) yaqhubeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa labour entolongweni.

izimo zemvelo

iimeko Natural of Norilsk site kwimizi nto inzima kakhulu yokuhlala isigxina. Kulo mmandla, imozulu Arctic kunye ikhephu ebusika nengqele ithatha malunga neenyanga-9, yaye ehlotyeni ezimfutshane. I-avareji Julayi lobushushu ngaphantsi degrees 15. Kulo mzekelo, iqhwa kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni, abantu balapha azikho Akumangalisi. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, umhlaba akwenzeki olufudumeleyo kunye permafrost sibonakala uphawu esinzulu netheknoloji izakhiwo.

Kwakhona, kule ndawo enkulu ehlabathini Norilsk hub mveliso phantse akukho imithi, Noko ke, xa inkampani yaqala kuphela ukwakha, kwakukho amahlathi hlathi ashinyeneyo. Ngoku ezigcinwe kuphela inani elincinane kwetyholo. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu emoyeni eyomeleleyo lingcolile. Kule mizi kwiminyaka yakutshanje ziyingozi imithi yesinyithi, amagqabi ogama endaweni - LED.

I indawo okuyo ye Norilsk unit mveliso inomnye umsebenzi yendalo - iintsuku ezibandayo kunye nobusuku. Ukususela ngoMeyi 19 ukuya kuJulayi 25 ilanga akambeki, kwaye ngesifingo ebusika kuphela iiyure 2-3. Imfuneko yokusebenzisa rhoqo ukulayita kwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nje kuphela, kodwa ibeka uxinzelelo kurhulumente ngengqondo zabantu. Ukuvala le umonakalo, kunye nokungabikho afakwa izixeko, izindlu Norilsk zipeyintwe ngemibala eqaqambileyo.

Le minerals ezinkulu NDP

Kummandla Norilsk Ukukhupha imali enkulu izixhobo ezifana nobhedu, nickel, ayibe, platinum, igolide, nesilivere, mbala, iridium, rhodium kunye nabanye. Xa inkqubo yokucoca kunye nokulungisa ekrwada nazo zodwa: isalfure sulphuric acid, selenium kunye tellurium. Ukongezelela, ngoku uyaphuhliswa, asizizo zonke izixhobo zendalo ezifumaneka Norilsk site mveliso, kunye zokuma uphando.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba abemi izixeko NDP esoloko iyaphela, amashishini kuqhubeka bekhula kwaye kunciphise umdla izibonelelo izimbiwa kwi Taimyr Peninsula evela kurhulumente.

ndawo ezikhethiweyo

Esi sixeko sikhulu yi Norilsk. Yeyona kwinkqubela yommandla yaqala ekwakhiweni kwayo. Kuyinto ekhaya ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-100 amawaka abantu kancinane. Esi sixeko ekufuphi nebheyi kwisityalo ibhrasi, amalahle ukuhlamba zezityalo, iikhilomitha 3 zezam. Ngo-2005, zonke ezinye iindawo zokuhlala zabandezwa ngemeko yabo baza bangena kwicala of Norilsk njengoko kubumelwane yayo.

Indawo yesibini ngobukhulu kweli inxalenye Norilsk hub mveliso - Talnakh, 25 km ukusuka kwiziko. labantu bayo - malunga 50 amawaka abantu. waqala apha Ukwakhiwa ngo-1960 emva kokuba kwafunyanwa imali enkulu of copper-nickel ekrwada. uphuhliso yawo lusaqhubeka.

Indawo yesithathu Kayerkan elinabemi abantu abamalunga nama-25, nto leyo nayo incamathele Norilsk. Village eyakhelwe kufuphi emigodini, leyo kuthwalelwa phandle imigodi yamalahle. Noko ke, sele 70s lweshishini ngenkulungwane yokugqibela NDP watshintshela amafutha igesi, kwaye isixa gesi izibonelelo eliphantsi kakhulu. Ndawo engenanto ngenxa kokufunyanwa kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa kude ukusuka Nadezhda Metallurgical Plant.

Kwakhona kwisithili esixekweni kuquka ilali Snezhnogorsk, nto leyo esebenza elinabantu Ust-Hantayskom HPP kunye Oganer apho esibhedlele 1000 iibhedi.

iingxaki mmandla kwinto

An indawo kuhlalwe wejografi le Norilsk indibano mveliso kubangela iingxaki ezininzi, oyintloko phakathi kwabo - ukufikeleleka. Le ndawo akukho unxibelelwano umhlaba kunye nezinye izixeko, ngaphandle izibuko ezinkulu zolwandle Dudinka, ibekwe ngeekhilomitha ezingama-90. Kwaba apha ehamba umfula oyinhloko yothutho amanzi - umlambo Yenisei, ekuthe umthwalo bulk iwela kwezinye iingingqi. Iinqwelomoya ukuthutha abakhweli bezithuthi engundoqo ziphuma-moya "Alykel". Bona lokuzisa iimpahla xa ukuqhutywa kwi Yenisei ivaliwe.

Enye ingxaki ozimiseleyo Norilsk site mveliso - inqanaba eliphezulu ungcoliseko. Ngemibhobho Izityalo ngonyaka kukhutshwe imali eninzi sulphur dioxide, phenols, amasuntswana heavy metal apha emoyeni. Isikali mkhulu kangangokuba Norilsk iminyaka emininzi kuluhlu phakathi zixeko ugqushagqusha ehlabathini, yaye inkampani umvuzo ku Canada imbuyekezo eziyityhefu umoya kwintsimi yayo.