Iholide yasehlobo (eBeijing, eChina): inkcazelo, imbali, iimpawu, indawo kunye nokuhlaziywa

Abahambi abaye batyelela inkulu yeChina ngeenjongo zokukhenketho, izikhokelo zicebisa ngokutyelela iindonga ezimbini. Iyokuqala yindawo esemthethweni yokwamkelwa nguMlawuli woBukumkani beCelestial of ambassadors of other powers and petitioners of audience. I-Purple Palace yesiXeko esingavumelekanga sisigqeba solawulo oluqhubekayo. Iindonga zayo ezinamandla kunye neTanananmen Square zikhulu kunokoMoscow Kremlin. Ukuze uphumule kwimicimbi yezopolitiko kwaye ujonge ukucamngca ngokuvisisana kwendalo, kwakha indlu yasehlotyeni. I-Beijing, kunye ne-smog, i-buzz kunye ne-buzz, yahlala iikhilomitha ezingamashumi amabini ukuya kwezantsi. Kuphela kwipilisi yeparadesi kuphela. Kwaye kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba zonke iintlanga, kunye nelibi elingenakulinganiswayo, lenziwa ngabantu. Ukuthi indawo yokuhlala yasehlobo yaseKhayina i-analogue kaPeterhof okanye iVersailles iya kuphutha. Ihluke ngokugqithisileyo kwindlu yaseburhulumenteni yaseYurophu nasepaki. Yintoni? Uya kufunda ngale nto kwinqaku lethu.

Imbali yo kuhlala

Iholide yasehlobo (eBeijing) ibuyele ekubuseni kweQin Dynasty. Kuze kube ngeli xesha kwakukho izitiya zasebukhosini kunye neendoda ezincinane. Ngaphakathi kwekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo, uMlawuli waseQianlong wayala ukuhlala kwendawo yokunethezeka enyakatho-ntshona yedolophu. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngonyaka we-1750-th. Okokuqala, baqala ukudala uLwandle lwaseKinming. Ngoku ihlala kwiikota ezintathu zepaki. Iprototype yendawo yokufakelwa iLake Dianchi. Yonke imisebenzi yayenziwe ngokukhawuleza. Ukwakhiwa kwakufuneka kugqitywe ngumnyaka weshumi omathandathu wokuba unina ka-emperor. Nangona kunjalo, yonke into yenziwa kwesazela. Umhlaba owaphakanyiswayo ukudala uLwandle lwaseKinming wawugqitywa kwiNtaba yoMhlaba. Amathempeli eBuddhist akha phezu kwawo. Ngokungafani nendlu yaseYurophu kunye neendawo zokupaka, indawo yokuhlala yasehlobo yaseTshayina ayithathi indawo enkulu. Ngokwenene, luhlobo oluvisisanayo, luyamkelwa yinzala yasebukhosini.

Iholide yasehlobo (eBeijing) kunye ne-Empress Cixi

Ngowe-1860, amabutho aseBrithani ahlasela iShayina kunye namaFrentshi. Njengabanqabileyo abanobuqili, baphanga indawo yokuhlala kwidolophu yasemaphandleni yabalawuli bamaBuso oBukumkani. Kwixesha elithile ibhotwe lalimi kwindawo eyinkangala. Ukususela ngo-1888, ngokunyanzeliswa kunye nokutyhefuza kwabaviwa kwitrone, i-regent ye-Emperor Cixi oneminyaka emibini ubudala yaqala ukusebenza. Abafazi badlala indima encinci kwimbali yeChina. Kodwa uCixi wayengumntu oqaqambileyo. Wachitha yonke imali eqokelelwe kwisiseko seenqanawa zaseTshayina, ukuba abuyele emlonyeni wendawo yokuhlala kwidolophu. Ipaki, eyayivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi Yuanmingyuan (Iigadi zePacity Perfect), yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Ikeyuan-indawo ye-Old Age Calm and Rest. Kodwa ngowe-1900 abantu baseYurophu baphinde baphanga indawo yokuhlala. Imbono esiyibonayo namhlanje, ibhotwe kunye nepaki eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifunyenwe kuphela kwisiqingatha sokuqala sekhulu lemashumi mabini.

Ubomi bubukeka njani?

Iimeko zihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amabini:

• Inqaba yaseburhulumenteni yehlobo;
• Iheyuan Park.

E-Beijing, uya kufumana iindawo ezimbalwa apho iindawo zenkcubeko kunye nezokhenketho zentlangano zidibaniswa kunye nobuhle bemvelo. Ipaki inendawo enkulu-malunga neehektare ezingama-300. Iingxenye ezintathu zaso - eli lililo lihle kakhulu laseKinming. Ukusuka ngasenyakatho ikhusela kwimimoya ebanda kwiNtaba yeLungwini-Wanshoushan. Zonke izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo zagxila kwingxenyana esenyakatho yepaki. Kukho ukungena kwiindawo zaseburhulumenteni zasehlobo zaseChina. Ewonke, inezakhiwo ezimalunga namawaka amathathu. Inqaba yonke kunye nepaki eyinkimbinkimbi ifakwe kwi-UNESCO List. Kwaye ezinye zezakhiwo zineendawo ezifanelekileyo kumaphepha e-Guinness Book. Yona "ngumbane ode kunabo bonke emhlabeni". Iyalula ngaselunxwemeni ngamanci asixhenxe anamanci mabini anesibhozo.

Ukuguqula kwiimyuziyam

Emva kokufa kwe- cixi-regente yaseGuxi, igosa lasehlotyeni (eBeijing) lashiywa. Yaye xa ubukhosi baseTshayina bexoshwa, waphelelwa ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa uKunming kunye namachibi eHowe badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunikezeni amanzi eBeijing. Kwakudingeka zigcinwe zicocekile. Ngo-1914, ipaki yavulelwa iindwendwe. Umrhumo wokungeniswa wahlawuliswa, kunye neendonga kunye neenqaba zabuyiselwa kwiimali eziqokelelwayo. Njengemyuziyam enzululwazi yaqala ukusebenza ukususela ngo-1949. Ngoku, i-Ikheyuan Park kunye neendawo zangaphambili zokuhlala zasehlotyeni zihanjiswe ngabantu abangaba zigidi ezihlanu ngonyaka. Ukungena kwaye ngoku bahlawula intlawulo. Itikiti zibiza i-yuan ezingamashumi ayisithupha kumntu omdala. Le nyuziyamu iphakathi kwezona ziphezulu zezona ziqingqiweyo eziqhelekileyo zaseBeijing. Kuyafaneleka ukuza apha yonke imini. Kodwa, ngenxa yendawo enkulu, bonke ngokukhawuleza ukuvavanya kungekudala kuya kwenzeka. Emva koko, kukho izakhiwo ezintathu ezihlukeneyo. Senza uluhlu kuphela olubalulekileyo, olukhenketho olukhenketho.

Iindonga zaseMpuma

Ingundoqo (ngoku-kuphela) yokungena kwindawo yokuhlala ibizwa ngokuba yi-Dununmen. Ekuguquleleni, oku kuthetha "Isango lePalamente zaseMpuma". Umnyango ugcinwa yimifanekiso yezilwanyana zasemlingo, eyenzelwe ukubonelela abantu abahlala kwindawo yokuhlala kunye nokuphila kakuhle. Emva kokudlula esangweni, sifika kwisitrato sesitolo saseSuzhou. Abakhonzi abaninzi babengenalo ilungelo lokushiya indlu yaseburhulumenteni yasehlotyeni eBeijing, ngoko abathenwa baqhuba ishishini ekubuyiselweni kwempahla. Emva kokudlula isitalato ngaphaya komsele, siya kwiRenshoudian. Amaqumrhu aseburhulumenteni we-poisoner Cixi abizwa ngokuba yiNdlu yePhilikthi kunye nobude obude. Kancinci iWenchang Tower. Kuphahleni lwakhe, wabhala imibongo yombusi uTimxu, okhulile umntakwabo weCixi. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uhambe ixesha elide kunabo bonke ehlabathini kwibala yeChatlan. Ihamba ngaselunxwemeni kwaye iqala ukusuka ephini lasentshona yebhotwe. Kwaye ukusuka empuma yindawo yemidlalo yaseDheyuan ("iNtlalontle yeNdlunkulu kunye noHarmony"). Nanku kwandiswa ungabona imoto yokuqala e-China, eyayiqhutywa nguCixi ngokwakhe.

ILake Kunming kunye nezinto ezikhangayo

Siyaqhubeka sihlola isigodlo sasehlotyeni eBeijing. Ipaki i-Ikeyuan enekhenkco elihle laseKinming lihlala liyingxenye yengonyama. Isibonda sokufakelwa sisona sincinci. Ehlotyeni laseLinming uLwandle luhle kakhulu, njengokuba amanzi ahlanganiswa ngamaqashiso. Umhlobiso oyintloko wale ndawo ebonakalayo yendalo eyenziwa ngumntu yi-bridges kunye nesikebhe seCixi. Isibhengezo sokugqibela samarble efakwe phantsi kwe-Emperor Qianlong ngo-1755. Yatshatyalaliswa ngabantu baseYurophu phakathi kweXIX, kodwa uCixi wayala ukuba kubuyiselwe umkhombe. Ukuhlobisa izinto ezintle, kwongezwa izinto ezintsha: ivili le-marble lifanisa isithuthi. Kule nqanawa, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Boat Boat of Holiness and Quicquility", uCixi wayekudla ukudla. Iibhuloho aziphosoli iJade. Yakhelwe eQianlong ukusuka kumarbobhethi. Isiqendu esicatshulweyo sivumelekile ukuba sidlule phantsi kwebhulobho yesigodlo "seenqanawa". Olunye umdla - Shitsikuntsyao. Ibhuloho leemitha ezilikhulu elinamanci mahlanu kunye ne-17 spans idibanisa ulwandle kunye nesiqithi saseNanhu.

Pavilions

Inqaba yaseburhulumenteni yaseBeijing yayidalwe kungekudala ukuba iphile njengendlela yokuhamba kunye nobunye nemvelo. Kwaye xa kwenzeka abantu basebenzayo, ii-pavilions zokukhanya zisezinkonzweni zabo. Iingxelo zabakhenkethi ziqinisekisa ukuba kwezobugcisa bazo izakhiwo zikwazi ukuncintisana neendonga. Okuphawulekayo yile nkundla "Umbutho Wendalo Yonke Yendalo". Lifumaneka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphuma kwinqanaba lebhuloho. Kusuka kuvula imbonakalo emangalisayo ngokugqithisileyo kwama-degrees ama-360. Ukuba kukho ixesha, kulungele ukutyelela ezinye iipavuloni: Lashoutan (Injabulo kunye nobude obude), i-Yulantan (Orchid), i-Baoyungge (i-Cloud Precious), i-Lunvanmiao (uKumkani weDragons) no-Han Xutan (iHolo lokuthozama).

I Temples

Amagama asondlo esakhiweni abonisa ukuba abantu abakhulu ababehlala kwinqaba yaseburhulumenteni yasehlobo (eBeijing, e-China) bebengabandakanyeki ngokomoya. Amathempeli eBuddha ayemiswa kwinduli yentaba kwiimilayezo zeQianlong. Ikhadi lokutyelela elincinci lithethi asemagumbini aseburhulumenteni kaCixi, kodwa inqaba yeFosiange. Eli gama liguqulela ngokuthi "Ithempeli leqhumiso livutha ngelixa lihlonipha uBuddha." Itholakala kwiphakamileyo yeLongevity Hill (Wanshoushan). Kwaye kwintlambo esemzantsi yale ntaba eyenziwe ngumntu, itempile enegama elincomekileyo yatsalwa nguYe Da Baoyne Yanshou Sy - Great Retribution ngobabalo lobuninzi. Emva kokuba uCixi egubhile imihla yokuzalwa yakhe apha. Ukuphakama kwayo i-pagoda yesithathu yamitha yeYufenta ("iJade Peak"). Kwakhona, ukuhlaziywa kunconywa ukutyelela iintempile ze-Shining Virtue (iDehondian) kunye neLwandle lokuCinga nokuBulumko (iZhihoyhai).

Iholide yasehlobo (eBeijing): indlela yokufikelela kuyo

Musa ukuphazamiseka kukuba le ndawo yokuhlala yayiyidolophu. I-Beijing iye yanda kangangokuba umzila ongaphantsi kweedolophu unqumla ibhotwe. Ukuze ufike kwi-complex museum, ungaya kwisikhululo se-metro esiseBeigongmen okanye e-Xiyan. Ukungena kwintsimi kuhlawulwa. Itikiti elipheleleyo elidala (zombini epakini nasezindongeni) libiza ama-yuan angamashumi mathandathu. Iingcebiso zabakhenkethi zicetyiswa ukuba zize kwiidkski zemali kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba zivule, kuba abantu (ngokukodwa kwixesha elifudumeleyo) bahlala bebaninzi. Ipaki kunye neendawo zokuhlala azidumi nje kuphela kubakhenkethi, kodwa nakwabemi baseBeijing. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukhethe usuku lweveki lohambo.

Ukuphononongwa kunye neengcebiso ezivela kubakhenkethi

Bonke abahambi abaye batyelela umnqweno waseChina bacebise kakhulu ukuba batyelele indlu yaseburhulumenteni yasehlotyeni eBeijing. Siye sachaza indlela yokufika khona. Ukongeza kwi-metro, iindlela ezininzi zebhasi ziya kwibhotwe kunye nepaki. Kwaye banokutyelelwa kwamanye amasango eendawo zokuhlala, kwaye kungekhona kuphela kwizinto eziphambili. Ukuze ufike kwi "Gates zePalamente zaseMpuma", umntu kufuneka ahambe esiteshini sesitimela i-Xiyan. Iingcebiso zilumkisa: akukho ncafa kwintsimi yesakhiwo sembali. Ngoko kufuneka ubeke isitoreji kumanzi okusela (ikakhulukazi ubushushu behlobo) kunye nesidlo sasemini. Kwizitrato ezithengisa ukuya kwibhotwe, unokuthenga iimemori, kunye nokuthenga i-ayisikrimu kunye neziphuzo ezithambileyo.