ICrimea ulwimi Tatar: iimpawu kunye neempawu eziphambili

Yintoni na le ulwimi iCrimea Tatar? Ziintoni iimpawu zegrama ngayo? Nokuba na edibene ulwimi Tatar? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo kwaye kambisisa.

AmaTatar iCrimea

abantu iCrimea Tatar badla ulinganiswa i AmaTatar ahlala eRashiya. Bakuve iphuma amaxesha Russian Empire, xa bonke abantu amadlelo zamaTurkic ebizwa ngokuba "AmaTatar". Kwakhona iquka Kumyks, Azerbaijani, njalo-njalo. D.

AmaTatar eCrimea izinto zesintu. inzala yazo izizwe ezahlukeneyo yamandulo awayengabemi kummandla Sea kumantla Black. A indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa kwi ethnogenesis yabantu zamaTurkic, Cumans, Khazars, Pechenegs, ngamaKara, Huns kunye Krymchaks.

Ukwenziwa ngembali iCrimea AmaTatar njengeqela eyahlukileyo uhlanga kwenzeka kwi usingasiqithi kwi XIII-XVII eminyaka. Phakathi abameli balo adla ngokusetyenziswa self "Crimeans." uhlobo yemvelaphi bengabakho a abaseAfrika. Le Okungumahluko subethnos umlenze na iimpawu ezifana abaseAfrika kunye Mongoloid iintlanga.

ICrimea ulwimi Tatar

ECrimea oluthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nama-490 amawaka. Oku lwandile kummandla Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania, Turkey kwaye yenye iilwimi ezithethwa ngokubanzi kwiRiphabliki eCrimea.

Le yabhalwa jikelele kusetyenziswa Latin, nangona kunokwenzeka nokubhala Cyrillic. Uninzi izithethi bahlala eCrimea (300 amawaka). EBulgaria kunye eRomania, inani le iCrimea AmaTatar imalunga 30 amawaka.

Tatar ulwimi "isalamane 'yakhe, kodwa ungabi kufutshane kakhulu. Zombini ezi lwimi zamaTurkic yaye zifakwe kwi-Kipchak laseMelika. Ke amasebe awo diverge. Into Tatar baphenjelelwa ngamandla yi-Finno-Ugric, Russian, Arabic. On the iCrimea Tatar saphenjelelwa abavela, amaGrike, i Cumans kunye Kipchaks.

nezendawo

abantu iCrimea Tatar wahlulwe subethnos ezintathu eziphambili nganye ithetha lwabo lwesigodi. Kumntla losingasiqithi kwakhiwa emathafeni lwesigodi yelo kwiilwimi Nogai-Kypchak.

South, okanye yalyboysky, ukubetha kolwimi ekufutshane ulwimi Turkish. A nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuye kwafuneka abavela kwanamaGrike abahlala kunxweme kumazantsi eli lizwe. Ngentetho kukho amagama mboleko amaninzi avela kwezinye iilwimi zabo.

Avamise kakhulu lwesigodi ephakathi. Kuyinto oluphakathi phakathi kwezinye ezimbini. Oku kubhekisela Polovtsian-Kipchak iqela iilwimi zamaTurkic kwaye iqulathe izinto ezininzi Oguz. lwesigodi nganye kuquka neziyelelane eziliqela.

Ukuhlelwa kunye Iimpawu

ICrimea Tatar ulwimi bobabo kwiilwimi zamaTurkic, nto leyo iba iqela zeAltai kunye iilwimi Mongolian, Korean kunye Tungus-Manchurian. Noko ke, le ngcamango kukho abachasi abaphikayo ubukho sase in umgaqo.

Xa ulwahlulohlulo kukho ezinye iingxaki zolwimi. Njengomgaqo, engumniniyo ukuya iqelana Kypchak-Polovtsian lweelwimi. Oku ayilunganga, kuba ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo ubudlelwane bakhe kunye iilwimi Oghuz, nto leyo waphawula ngentetho phakathi.

Ukuqwalasela zonke iimpawu zolwimi iCrimea dialectical, ukuba zihlelwe ngolu hlobo:

History noncwadi

Lwesigodi yavela kumaXesha Aphakathi. Ngelo xesha ilizwe iCrimea waphila inani elikhulu iintlanga ziye zaba nempembelelo ukuyilwa ulwimi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ulwimi iCrimea Tatar utshintshatshintsha kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kweli lizwe.

Ebudeni bexesha iCrimea Khanate, abemi kwanyanzeleka ukuba bathethe Ottoman. Ngemihla inkcubeko yoBukhosi baseRashiya waba ukwehla Crimeans. ayeke yaqala ngenkulungwane XIX. Emva koko, ngenxa Ismail Gasprinsky wabonakala zoncwadi iCrimea Tatar ulwimi. Xa noseko lwalo ukubeka lwesigodi esemazantsi.

De 1927 incwadi lwaqhutywa ngoonobumba Arabhu. Kunyaka olandelayo, njengoko njengesiseko kulwimi zoncwadi ezikhethiweyo lwesigodi eliphakathi, nokubhala yaguqulelwa oonobumba Latin. Wabizwa ngokuba "Yanalif" okanye "alphabet olunye lohlanga".

Ngowe-1939 wazama ukwenza Cyrillic, kodwa Latin baqala phaya 90. Kuthi ezahlukeneyo ukusuka Yanalif: iileta imilinganiselo Latin indawo abalinganiswa kunye namanqaku lwemvakalo-zwi, esongeza ukuba kwihi kunye ulwimi Turkish.

Isigama kunye ezisisiseko neempawu

ICrimea Tatar yinto ulwimi agglutinative. Iintsingiselo zamagama kunye namabinzana abazitshintshi ngenxa yokuyeka, kwaye esebenzisa 'kuncanyatheliswe' of nezimamva amagama kunye imise. Baya yisa ulwazi hayi kuphela ngentsingiselo lungelelanisa yeli gama, kodwa ubudlelwane phakathi kwamagama njalo njalo. D.

Ulwimi iqulethe izigaba elinanye zentetho, iimeko ezintandathu, iintlobo ezine lesenzi conjugation, iintlobo ezintathu ezenzi ngamazwi (langoku, elidlulileyo nelizayo). Awunazo uhlobo kwezimelabizo kunye nezibizo. Umzekelo, i-Russian wathi, yena, siyafana ifomu enye kuphela - "o".

Okwangoku le ncwadi, isichazi-magama kunye umguquleli kwi iCrimea Tatar ulwimi kwi Internet Kulula kakhulu ukufumana. Ngoko ke nabazana naye akusayi kuba lula. Ngezantsi kukho eminye imizekelo yamagama standard kunye namabinzana yolwimi: