ICE (yangaphakathi ukutshiswa enjini): jikelele neempawu, uhlobo

Ukwandiswa thermal yerhasi namhlanje isetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezininzi. Oku turbojet injini, nedizili injini, carburetors kunye ... Ubushushu unit unokuba Zimbini iintlobo:

• itheyibhile ephindaphindayo zangaphandle;
• ICE (itheyibhile ephindaphindayo).

Esiza kuxubusha ngayo ngokweenkcukacha isixhobo yesibini uhlobo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Xa izithuthi ezininzi namhlanje, izixhobo ezo zifakelwe, apho lwangaphakathi umgaqo yokutsha injini kubandakanya ukwahlulwa shushu iguqulwe ibe umsebenzi ngoomatshini. Le nkqubo lwenziwa iziqulathi.

Le embodiments kakhulu eyiyo zidibene ukubana kunye Motors.
Ukuba zingasetyenziswa ixesha elide yaye ubukhulu encinci kunye nobunzima. Kodwa ethile kwezi na intshukumo piston, olwenzeka ngendlela Buyisela nge inxaxheba indlela igeza, leyo kwelinye icala, yenza umsebenzi nzima ngakumbi, kodwa kwi enye - ke umda ukunyusa isantya. I xa bungu embi kutshanje buqapheleke enkulu motor.

Creation, uphuhliso kunye, ngokubanzi, ukusebenza injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi, Kakade ke, ngokusekelwe isiphumo lokwanda thermal, apho iigesi shushu enze umsebenzi luncedo. Ngenxa yoko, ukutshiswa xi itankana wavele iyaxhuma, kunye piston lihamba. Lo ngumthetho-siseko amanyathelo amandla, nto leyo yenzelwa xa ukwanda wobushushu Njengoko kusetyenziswa kwinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kunye nezinye technologies.

Ukuba luncedo amandla ngoomatshini lwenziwa rhoqo, egumbini yokutsha kufuneka kwakhona umxube air-fuel, kangangokuba piston ziliqhubela crankshaft, kwaye yokugqibela - iivili.

iimoto ezininzi namhlanje ezine-stroke, yaye amandla kubo iguqulelwa phantse ngokupheleleyo abe luncedo.

A incinane

Indlela yokuqala elolu hlobo wadalwa 1860 yi injineli isiFrentshi, yaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva, compatriot wakhe wacebisa ukuba usebenzise i-umjikelo ezine, apho umsebenzi injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi kuquka inkqubo sokufunxa, ucinezelo, ukutsha kunye nokwandiswa, kunye zeemoto.

Ngo-1878, isiJamani yamachiza chetyrehtaktnik basungula yokuqala, ubuchule ibide-22%, nto leyo kakhulu igqithile iimpawu bonke ababengaphambi.

Ezo motor yaqala ukuba banzi nokwabiwa kwi ezahlukeneyo iinkalo zobomi. Namhlanje lisetyenziswa izithuthi, oomatshini kwezolimo, iinqanawa, zikaloliwe, iinqwelo-ntaka, izityalo amandla njalo njalo.

Ubuhle nobubi

Ikakhulu wachaza impumelelo iimpawu ezibonakalayo ilele ukusebenza, compactness kunye bhetyebhetye elungileyo. Ukongeza, i-injini uyakwazi ukubaleka kwiimeko ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ekhawulezayo ngokukhawuleza yaye ifikelela nomthwalo ngokupheleleyo. Kwizithuthi ezinjalo ke harakteristkah ebaluleke kakhulu nanjengoko elekhtrons torque ebalulekileyo.

Omlilo injini (injini) uyakwazi ukusebenza kumafutha ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ipetroli ukuya kwibhoyila oyile ukufudumeza.

Noko ke, le injini eziliqela neengxaki, ekukhoyo kuzo uxhotyiso olunyiniweyo, ingxolo eninzi, kujikelezo crankshaft eqhelekileyo kakhulu ngexesha ekuqaleni-up, ukungakwazi ukuqhagamshela amavili drive, ubungozi, lo piston reciprocates.

izindlu

Izindlu classic uyilo equka itankana, zabo iintloko, yaye kwimeko ukuhlukana esezantsi inxalenye crankcase, kunye angundoqo ifreyimu ezineziciko. Kwenzeka design monoblock. Ezo ezahlukeneyo ngendalo kukwaquka indlela eyahlukileyo ukuyilungisa.

Elements of izindlu injini asisiseko, apho amalungu ziyaxhonywa ixesha kunye nendlela igeza, iinkqubo zokupholisa, unikezelo lwamandla, ukusifaka njalo njalo.

ngezigaba

I kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi itheyibhile ephindaphindayo (itheyibhile ephindaphindayo lwangaphakathi), apho inkqubo ithatha indawo iisilinda ngokwabo. Kodwa Motors nga zihlelwe kunye nezinye iimpawu ezahlukeneyo.

Ngu indlela komjikelo yokusebenza, zezi:

• -Stroke ezimbini;
• ezine-stroke.

Njengoko indlela wokusungula lo mxube injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi:

• kunye nefomu lwangaphandle (gas kunye isiBeki);
• injini ne ukubunjwa nomxube lwangaphakathi (diesel).

Ngokutsho indlela lungapholi:

• wamanzi;
• emoyeni.

Iziqulathi:

• cylinder eyodwa;
• -Cylinder ezimbini;
• multi-njengesilinda.

Ngu Indawo:

• umqolo (nkqo okanye elibhalwe ngokumileyo);
• V-ezimile.

Ngokuzalisa le isilinda umoya:

• aspirated;
• supercharged.

Ngokutsho yangaphakathi ukutsha injini isantya (injini) yalo;

• Nesezantsi speed;
• asetyenziswa rhoqo;
• esinenjini.

Ngokutsho zamafutha asetyenziswe:

• multi-fuel;
• gas;
• diesel;
• petrol.

Ngokutsho neqondo ucinezelo :

• phezulu;
• eliphantsi.

Ngu baqeshwe:

• autotractor;
• Aviation;
• umile;
• zingahamba njalo-njalo.

amandla

Power iqhele kubalwa units ezindleleni enjini.
Eli gama livele kwi IsiNgesi umsunguli kweyeshumi elinesibhozo emva kwexesha wayegcine amahashe bawurhuqa ibhaskithi obufake amalahle asuka emigodini. Ngokulinganisa ubunzima kumthwalo ukuphakama apho kuvuswa, D. Watt ibalwe indlela ihashe yokulususa amalahle ngomzuzu kunye kubunzulu ethile. Kamva le yunithi ogama kwaziwa yi elithi "enjini" bonke. Emva kokuba International System of Units (SI), HP wavunywa ngo 1960 Waba kweyunithi oluncediswayo leyo ilingana 736 watts.