"I Kreutzer Sonata" yi Lva Tolstogo. Isishwankathelo, uhlahlelo kunye nengxelo kwi bali

"I Kreutzer Sonata" - umsebenzi obalaseleyo Lva Tolstogo, eyapapashwa ngo-1891. Ngenxa umxholo wayo inkanuko oko kwangoko phantsi imingcele kakhulu. Apha ebalini kuvuka ukuba umtshato, imiba usapho, ubudlelwane emfazini. Zonke ezi zihloko avuthayo umbhali uye uluvo lwakhe lokuqala, wothuswa abafundi nqa. Umxholo lo msebenzi kunye nemiba kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

History of indalo

Inoveli "Kreutzer Sonata" yabhalwa ngexesha Tolstoy uyagula ntlekele engqondweni neyobuchule. Umbhali wathi ebomini bakhe kwakukho kuhlengahlengiso "umsebenzi, nto leyo ibizwa ngokuba wena." Wonke umsebenzi - inkqubo zemibongo, isimbo, isakhiwo amaqhawe zoncwadi - ithe inguqu enkulu xa kuthelekiswa imisebenzi zangaphambili Leo Tolstoy. Uluvo ephambili "Kreutzer Sonata," Tolstoy yakhe "wamagama," ngokuba ileta ethile nomfazi ogama Slavyanka kwaye kuchaziwe nedilesi yakhe uluvo lwakhe malunga ingcinezelo yabafazi kufuna nesini. Abaphandi umhla ubuchule zakudala iinoveli yokubhala rough Oktobha 1887. Imveliso ye umbhali ngokuphindaphindiweyo awo. Inguqulelo lokugqibela kuqala ukufunda Tolstoy ngoNovemba 1989 ukuba khetha abaphulaphuli endlwini Kuzminskaya.

yokuhlolwa

Ngowe-1889, uTolstoy wathumela novella "I Kreutzer Sonata" kwi-St Petersburg indlwana "umlamli", apho kanye ayithandabuze into yokuba imveliso uya kubuzwa yi kumhloli karhulumente. abasebenzi ushicilela baye basebenza ubhale umsebenzi wakhe nokuba ukusasaza iikopi zazo zonke phezu St. Petersburg. Kwathi nje eliluhlaza. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba upapasho olusemthethweni kwaba sekunjalo kude kakhulu kude. Ngokutsho abasebenzi bolawulo oyintloko Press waba engagungqiyo: akazange ibali ziya kupapashwa kwi-Russia, kunye nencwadi kufuneka ngoko nangoko kutshatyalaliswa. umthamo weshumi imisebenzi eqokelelwe of uTolstoy wala ukushicilela ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo - "The Kreutzer Sonata" yaqukwa kuwo. imvume yakho kuphela Alexander III, owenza umfazi ka Tolstoy, Sofya Andreyevna, ovumeleke ukuba ashicilele incwadi ihlazo ngo-1891. Kutheni le nto yabakungcangcazelisayo ibe oko kwaba imveliso ye imingcele? Impendulo yalo mbuzo inokufunyanwa kwi inkcazo webali.

isishwankathelo

"I Kreutzer Sonata" ubalisa ibali bayahlelwa umlinganiswa ophambili, Basil Pozdnysheva, owayehlala rough, zizele adventures bahlekisa ulutsha, wagqiba ukuhlala phantsi waza waqalisa nomzalwana kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Watshata ngenxa yothando, wayefuna ukuba zilandele ngqo le "nomfazi" kwaye kakhulu neqhayiya ngeenjongo zakhe ezilungileyo. Noko ke, ulwalamano phakathi kwendoda nomfazi ziye yazanyazanyiswa iholide yabo. Pozdnyshev wavakalelwa ubumpi ke umfazi oselula, kwaye kuthelekiswa ukuba i "ngokwanelisa ubuhule", leyo kuthiwa "amanzi" uthando sublime. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uTshawe waqonda ukuba umtshato wakhe uya ningezanga naye na ukushukumisa ezinqwenelekayo. Yonke into "ezinezothe, amanyala kunye kuyakruqula." Ukuzalwa kwaye bekhulisa abantwana wakhonza elinye ithuba lokuba iimbambano kunye nokuhlukunyezwa. Iminyaka esibhozo, izibini wayenabantwana abahlanu, emva koko umfazi wakhe wala kuzala, wamsa yena waza wakhangela kufuna namava amatsha. Waye bathabatheka violin cute kuye "Kreutzer Sonata" yokusebenza ngokuhlangeneyo. Pozdnyshev wabandezeleka evela umona kanye wafumana umfazi wakhe ubandezele, bambulala eDamasko blade.

Ulwalamano emfazini

Kwisiqwenga isebenza ezibuhlungu, kodwa eyamkelekileyo kakhulu. Yintoni na uluntu kangaka ligqabi yokothuka "Kreutzer Sonata" yi Tolstoy? Okokuqala zonke namasiko, evakalisa ophambili. ukuziphatha Own kunyeliswa ebutsheni kwakhe kumenza senzo. Kodwa ityala kakhulu amabhinqa. Le ilokhwe akhe bayinxibayo, bakholisa ukuba 'izinto, kunokutshiseka. " Yena utyhola oomama abanqwenela unokumnceda Soninika ke iintombi zabo emtshatweni ngenxa yokunxiba phezulu ngezinxibo zabo ziyalukuhla. Uthi ukuba abafazi bayazi kakuhle amandla abo phezu kwamadoda yaye ngenkuthalo besebenzisa oko, esazi ukuba iminqweno yenyama busa bonke abanye kakhulu kuphakanyiswa Utyekelo oyindoda womelele. Kwaye zonke ezi zigwebo inkxalabo hayi kuphela abantu abathile ewile, iinkonzo kabani na uzimele, kubameli iiklasi atyebileyo. Enyanisweni, yena ubiza ngunongogo ladies yokuziphatha amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu kwaye uthi ukuba abafazi baya kusoloko kuthotywa, bade bafunda ukuba athobekile kwaye enyulu.

Isimo emtshatweni

Inoveli "Kreutzer Sonata", uhlalutyo yayo thaca kweli nqaku, eli ekukhuthazeni zokuzila ngokwesondo. Kwaye hayi kuphela umtshato. Tolstoy libhekisela lizwi evela yeVangeli kaMateyu: "Wonke umntu okhangela umntu obhinqileyo embawela, uselekrexezile entliziyweni yakhe" - kwaye iqwalasela ezi imigca hayi kuphela ngaphandle nayiphi nenekazi, kodwa ngumfazi wakhe. Yena ingqalelo beziyolo nemvelo abenyama ezinezothe. Uyacinga ulwalamano lwakhe kunye nenkosikazi yakhe inkenenkene ngenxa nethuku zezilwanyana, nto leyo ekungavumelekileyo rhoqo wabonisa kuye. Ukholelwa ukuba abadalwe intombazana ezinobuhle ndikuchase konke abonakalisa uthando emzimbeni. Ukuba umntu uphethe iminqweno ephakamileyo eluthandweni lukaThixo, koko abangenalo kwenyama - of self-uthando, nto leyo izisa umoni esihogweni. Kweyinqambi Uxhokonxwa na ulwaphulo olukhulu kwimeko Pozdnysheva - ukubulala.

Isimo abantwana

isigwebo abaninzi edidayo iqulathe i "Kreutzer Sonata". Tolstoy (umxholo ibali elifutshane equlethwe kweli nqaku) bengashiyanga ilitye buyenziwa ukuhlakanipha malunga nothando olungumangaliso abantwana babo. Imbonakalo nabantwana abahlanu usapho Pozdnysheva nje akazange ukuphucula ubudlelwane lentsapho protagonist, kodwa ekugqibeleni, kwaba senkangala. umfazi lukwenza kunye philoprogenitive rhoqo bakhathazeka abantwana, yintoni ekugqibeleni anetyhefu ubomi Pozdnysheva. Xa umntu koonyana wagula, ubukho Basil ndamangalelana isihogo kakhulu ogqibeleleyo. Ukongeza, esi sibini baye bafunda ukuba 'ukulwa "omnye nomnye ... abantwana. Ngamnye pet yakhe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, la makhwenkwe waza wafunda ukuthatha icala omnye wabazali, ukuba nje iya ukuba agalele ioli phezu komlilo. Noko ke, Tolstoy umlomo beqhawe bathi nabantwana wamsindisa yayinjengentuthumbo wobukhwele rhoqo, kuba iqabane wayexakeke kuphela kwimicimbi yosapho yaye akukho nomnqweno ngudlalani. Into embi yaqala xa oogqirha bamfundisa ukuthintela ukukhulelwa.

Abongikazi art

Ngoko ke akukho ngozi kwinoveli lawona manyundululu Leo Tolstoy yaziwa ngokuba "I Kreutzer Sonata". UTolstoy, isishwankathelo imisebenzi ngazo ngoku uyixoxe thina, ukuba izimvo yayo yoqobo malunga art. Kokukuqwalasela oku Iyandivusa omnye ububi kokuziphatha zabantu benegunya. umfazi Pozdnysheva Uyekile kuzala, asemahle waphinda wabandakanyeka ukudlala ipiyano. Yaba ekuqaleni lesiphelo. Okokuqala, ngokutsho umlinganiswa ophambili, inkoliso wakrexeza eluntwini amanene phantsi benze ezobugcisa, ingakumbi umculo. Okwesibini, umculo ivelisa "uluvo ukubacaphukisa" abaphulaphuli, iyavakala ukuba wayevakalelwa ngexesha lokubhala umbhali komsebenzi, idibane namava ukuba umntu ayikho abayinqobo kuye, amenze bakholwe amathuba amatsha ukuze ukutyhalwa, ukuze ndithethe, imimango basuke yabo . Yaye kutheni? Ukuba umfazi wakhe waziva Pozdnysheva nganye yokusebenza ngomzuzu of "I Kreutzer Sonata", yintoni umnqweno entsha kungena umphefumlo wakhe uyamkela? Umlinganiswa ophambili ithe gqolo ukufumana ityala ngenxa oomolokazana ukuwa lokugqibela esonakalisa amandla umculo, ekufuneka ne ndawo ngexesha lokubulawa, bangavuki phezulu ebantwini, nethuku isilwanyana.

ababephila umbono

"Kreutzer Sonata," uTolstoy waye ingxoxo bungwanyalala, kungekuphela eRashiya kodwa phesheya. YaseChekhov iyayithanda ukubaluleka loyilo kunye nobuhle ibali yokusebenza, kodwa kamva waqalisa zibonakala etyeni yaye ziziziyatha. Ngaphezu koko, waqiqa ngelithi emininzi izigwebo imveliso ukubhenca umbhali wayo njengomntu "ningazi, ungazihluphi ... ukufunda iincwadi ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezibhaliweyo ziingcali." ICawa aqatha isiqulatho ezizinzululwazi webali. Naye uzimisele ukuya abagxekayo ezininzi zehlabathi. Ke ayefuna kunye nezinye iimpawu touted ubugcisa kweenoveli kunye ngengcwangu wagxeka intsingiselo yalo. A. Razumovsky, I. Romanov wathi Leo "kwi engqondweni" egqwethekileyo iinkcukacha zesini kubudlelwane nosapho kunye "ububhanxa okuthandazelwa." Bavumelana abagxeki angaphandle zoncwadi. American Isabel Helgud, umguquleli Tolstoy, kwavela imbono yokuba umxholo webali kungamanyala nkqu imilinganiselo inkululeko yokuthetha eRashiya naseYurophu. Leo Tolstoy Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukupapasha "avela", apho ulwimi olulula kwaye kucacile simisela iingcamango ezingundoqo umsebenzi wakhe.

indaba lokukhwela

reviews ezininzi ezimbi ndeva malunga nebali wakhe Leo Tolstoy. "I Kreutzer Sonata" ngenkani abafundi ukuba iyiqwalasele le mimiselo eyamkelekileyo ngokubanzi, wenza umbuzo ubudlelwane phakathi kwezini ezifanelekileyo kakhulu kwaye kuxoxwe ngazo. Uluvo yomfazi yombhali, Sofi Andreevny. Uthelekiso kunye ukufana kunye ubomi bentsapho ka-Leo Tolstoy emva kokupapashwa kwinoveli baba lokulwa. Umfazi Tolstoy, nangona zikotshwa zikhutshelwe ngononophelo "Kreutzer Sonata" kunye ngenkuthalo bafuna ekupapashweni kwayo, yayiphethe nenqala indoda odumileyo. Njengoko umfazi kunye netalente obungaqhelekanga, uye ebhaliweyo umsebenzi impendulo "fault kabani", nto leyo wangena polemics kunye Lvom Nikolaevichem. Eli bali lwapapashwa ngo-1994, kodwa wafumana ncomo ezimbi bemisebenzi. Noko ke, ngo sisidwangube wakhe wathi umbono wayo ukuba ukuziphatha kwabantu kunye wangcatsha isimo sabo okwenyaniso kubantu basetyhini. "I Kreutzer Sonata", ncomo apho ivela kude emva kokufa kwakhe, washiya uphawu ngokunzulu ubomi bentsapho ka Tolstoy, ngonaphakade baniqunga ulwalamano yayo kunye nomfazi wakhe.

Ekuphetheni

I eqokelelweyo isebenza Lva Tolstogo "I Kreutzer Sonata" liyazingca indawo. iincwadi karhulumente kweloo xesha wayengazi. Ukuthintelwa ukuhlola esemthethweni kuye kwenza nokuba zithandwa ngakumbi. Ngokutsho ayephila, emva kokuvela le mveliso endaweni umsebenzi umbuzo othi "njani na?" Zonke wabuza omnye komnye malunga "Kreutzer Sonata". Uninzi izimvo ezivakaliswe lo msebenzi, yaye ngoku kubonakala ukuba impikiswano, kwaye maxa wambi funny. Noko ke, inkcazo ichanekile ngokwasengqondweni yobudlelwane usapho, nto leyo ekugqibeleni ukufumana okubi, yaye namhlanje ihlala ibalulekile yaye kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo.