I-General Dostum: I-Vice-Mongameli we-Afghanistan kunye nomlawuli wamaspala wangaphambili

U-Abdul-Rashid Dostum ungumongameli we-Afghanistan kunye nomphathi wamaspala wangaphambili. Ukususela ngo-2014, uye waba ngumongameli welizwe. Ngethuba lolawulo lukaNajibullah, u-Dostum wayenobuninzi bempi yomkhosi waza walwa nohlangothi lukaRhulumente. Emva koko, wafaka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo yempi. Ngamanye amaxesha iintshaba zakhe zangaphambili zaba ngabadibaniselwano baseDoststum, kunye naso. Imfazwe yasekuhlaleni eqhubekayo yabangela ukutshabalalisa urhulumente ophakathi e-Afghanistan. I-General Dostum yajika yaba ngumlawuli wangempela wemimandla eyayingaphantsi kolawulo lwezixhobo zakhe ezixhobileyo. Ngo-2013, umlawuli wamasimi wangaphambili waxolisa ngokusemthethweni ngenxa yeempazamo zakhe ngexesha lemfazwe yombango.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala

U-Abdul-Rashid Dostum uthathwa njengesizwe sase-Uzbek. Wazalelwa kwiphondo lase-Afghanistan laseJauzjan ngo-1954. Ngenxa yeengxaki zemali kwintsapho, i-Dostum ithola imfundo yemveli kuphela. Ngomncinci waqala ukusebenza kwi shishini likarhasi. Ngowe-1978, u-Dostum wabhalisa emkhosini. Wayekhonza kwinqenqa eyayiphethwe nguMphathiswa weSizwe soKhuseleko.

Umsebenzi kwiMpi

Ngethuba lobukho bemikhosi yaseSoviet e-Afghanistan, u-Dostum wamiselwa njengomlawuli wamacandelo karhulumente. Abasebenzi balo basebenze ikakhulukazi be-Ubeks. Ulwahlulo lwalwa nomkhosi weMujahideen. U-Dostum wamthobela ngqo kuMongameli uNajibullah, owathi wamnika i-rank of general.

Kungekudala emva kokuhoxiswa kwemikhosi yaseSoviet, uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo waseTanzania u-Tanai waququzelela uvuko oluxhobileyo lokugqithisa urhulumente. Jikelele u-Dostum uthathe inxaxheba ekunciphiseni umzamo wokulwa nomkhosi. Ngelo xesha, wavelisa imbono yakhe yezopolitiko waza waqala ukuxhasa imbono yokuqinisekiswa kwelizwe.

Imfazwe Yomkhosi

Emva kokuwa kolawulo lwe-pro-Soviet likaMongameli uNajibullah, uGeneral Dostum wenza isigqibo kunye nemibutho yokuchasana. Waba ngumlawuli wecandelo elizimeleyo. Ukwahlukana kweDostum kukukhuthaza ukutsalwa kwe-capital by the rebel forces. Oku kwalandelwa yinkqutyana yeengxabano ezixhobileyo phakathi kweenkokheli zenkcaso. Ngexesha lokujongana kwamacandelo amaninzi ahlukeneyo, i-Dostum isoloko ishintshana ukusuka kwelinye lamanyathelo ukuya kwelinye. Ngokumalunga nabalawuli abathile beentsimi, kwenzeka ukuba inxaxheba kwintshaba kunye nobudlelwane.

EMntla Alliance

Ukuphuhliswa nokuqiniswa kwentlangano yeTaliban kuye kwaba yingozi enkulu kuyo yonke i-Afghan training formations. I-General Dostum kunye nezinye iindibano zemfazwe ezinamandla zakha i-Solidon Alliance ukulwa nolutshaba oluqhelekileyo . Oku kwenzeka ngo-1996 emva kokubanjwa yiTaliban yaseKabul.

I-General Dostum ithole ulawulo olupheleleyo phezu kwamanani amaphondo kumntla welizwe. Wathumela imikhosi yakhe kwisixeko saseMazar-i-Sharif, eyaba yintloko yendawo ekuzimeleyo. U-Dostum washicilela yakhe imali, eyayiqhutywe kumaphondo phantsi kolawulo lwakhe.

Izenzo zempi zeNorthern Alliance ngokumelene namaTaliban zaziqhubela phambili ngokuphumelela. Umkhosi weDostum wehlulekile ukukhusela ummandla wayo. Kuye, kuquka isixeko saseMazar-i-Sharif, sawela ezandleni zeTaliban. I-Dostum yaphoqeleka ukuba ihambe ukusuka kweli lizwe.

Buyela

Ngomnyaka we-2001, umsebenzi wamajoni aseMelika ophantsi kwegama elithi "Endless Freedom" waqala e-Afghanistan. Injongo yaso ephambili yayikutshabalalisa ulawulo lweTaliban. Izenzo ze-US Army Forces zixhaswe yiNorthern Alliance. Kwiinyanga eziliqela, iiTaliban zachithwa.

Kwixesha leziganeko, uGeneral Dostum ubuyile ekuthinjweni. I-biography yecandelo elizimeleyo lommandla lifake isigaba esitsha. U-Dostum wanikezelwa ngePhini likaSekela loMphathiswa wezoKhuseleko kwi-rhu lumente entsha. Ngo-2014 wanyulwa umongameli wongameli.

Umbono wezopolitiko

Ngethuba lokulawula kweDostum, imithetho enobuninzi ebenziwa kwimimandla phantsi kolawulo lwakhe. Abasetyhini abazange baphoqeleke ukuvala ubuso babo kwiindawo zoluntu, amantombazana avunyelwe ukuba baye esikolweni, kumabonakude omculo kunye namafilimu aveliswa eNdiya. Umbuso weTaliban ugqithise ngokungqongqo izinto ezinjalo.

I-Dostum yinkokeli yeMbutho weSizwe wamaSulumane we-Afghanistan. Eli liqela lezopolitiko, apho i-Ubeks yobuhlanga inkulu.