I-GAZ-AAA: imbali, inkcazo, iimpawu zobugcisa

I-GAZ-AAA imoto eye yaba ngowona mkhulu umzekelo wokuqala wezemfazwe weloli engekho kwi-USSR kuphela, kodwa kuwo wonke umhlaba. Siza kuthetha ngoku ngakumbi kwinqaku.

Umzalwana waseMelika waseSoviet "o-triaxial"

Okudabukisayo ukuthetha, kodwa umzobo wamaloli aseSoviet, ubeka iinqwelo ezintathu, ngumoto waseMelika u-Ford-Timken. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kwiimoto zase-US zeli klasini, ezibonakaliswe ngokunyuka kwe-traffic-country traffic, zazingavumelekanga, kodwa kwi-USSR, apho iingxaki ezingekho phantsi kweendlela zingazange zilahlekelwe yimpumelelo yazo, loo malori ayamkelekile. Ngoko ke, ukususela ngowe-1931, umbane "uGudok Oktobha", oseNizhny Novgorod (kamva wabizwa ngokuba ngumzi waseGorky), uqala ukwenza iikopi zasekhaya ze "Timken" ezivela kumacandelo anikezelwe eMelika.

Kucacile ukuba ixesha elide le nto ayikwazi ukuqhubeka. Izwe lalifuna imoto yalo.

"Trehoesnik" abavela eGorky

Ngomnyaka we-1932, i-NATI yaseMoscow eyayisekelwe eMoscow yenzelwe "indlela emithathu", ithatha isiseko kwakhona i-American Ford AA, eyayisetyenziswe njengomboniso weGAZ-AA ("iorori"). Emva koko, iziphumo zomsebenzi kumatshini zihanjiswe kwi-GAZ ngokugqithisa ngokupheleleyo, ngaphambi kokukhululwa kwimixholo.

I-GAZ-AAA yayithunywe ukuba iqedele iGrachev, umyili wezakhono zeGorky Automobile Plant, kodwa kwaze kwafuneka afake ilori elitsha kwibhande lokuthutha (ngo-1934) kuphela ukususela kwisithathu. Ngalinye ixesha ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokusebenza yomatshini omtsha ukuqala ukususela ekuqaleni. I-axis yesithathu, eyazama nje ukulungelelanisa iorori esele ikhona, ngokukhawuleza inqatshelwe ukuthatha ingcambu apho.

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iisampuli ezimbini ze-GAZ-AAA, ezandulela imodeli ye-serial, zathatha inxaxheba kwisizwe seKara Kum ngo-1933.

Ngenxa yoko, abaqulunqi bafezekisa umphumo oyifunayo, kwaye umatshini wangena kwimveliso emininzi. Kwaye naphezu kokuba i-GAZ-AAA yangaphandle esuka "kwisiqingatha-torpedo" yahluke kuphela kwi-axis yesithathu, yayisele enye imoto.

Umehluko phakathi kwe "triadski" entsha kunye ne "eliorori" elidala

Okokuqala, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba itori elitsha lafumana esinye isakhelo. Ekubeni i-injini yayiphethwe yimithwalo ephezulu, kwakukho imfuneko yokuphucula inkqubo yokupholisa, ngoko i-radiator yomqolo wesine ukusuka kwi-GAZ-AA yatshintshwa ngumqolo wesithandathu kwaye kunye nefayili yomtya wesine efakwe. Ngaloo ndlela, umgangatho we-radiator uye wanda ngobunzima obungama-37 mm.

Ukuba kukho ukumiswa kwirejista, phantsi kwecandelo, i-GAZ-AAA, okokuqala, igcina iivili ibe zimbini, kwaye okwesibini, zagqithiselwa ngqo phantsi komzimba, apho zazinziwayo kwiibhanki ezijikelezayo. Kukho abaqulunqi nabo bafake ibhokisi yeethuluzi. Isizathu solu tshintsho kwakuyi-crankcase yeloli engasemva, engavumelekanga ukuba ilungise "ukukhusela" ("ugcine") kwindawo yendawo. Umzimba ngokwawo, ukuba ungabandakanyi umgca wevili kunye ne-bogie ye-hull ngexesha lokuqhuba umzila, wenyuswa ngamasentimitha ayishumi, kwaye imivalo yayo yokuxhaswa yanyuka ububanzi ukuze kwandiswe amandla ngenxa yokwanda kwendlela yokuphatha imoto.

Ukongeza, ngowe-1937 i-GAZ ye-Soaxial Soviet yaseGoli yaqala ukuxhotyiswa ngeenjini ezinamandla (50 hp) esikhundleni se-Old Sorokasilnaya. I-shaft yesibili yombutho wempembelelo yayinesixhobo sokubetha i-disk, kwaye umatshini wathola itanki elongezelelweyo elinamandla angama-lititha ezingama-60. Umzimba wanyuswa ngo-10 cm kwaye uqiniswe ngesakhelo sesinyithi.

Impawu zobugcisa zeGAZ-AAA zibukeka ngathi:

• Ubukhulu bomshini (m) - 5,335 x 2,04 х 1,97 (ubude, ububanzi, ubude);
• Isisindo samatye (t) - 2,475;
• Ikhono lomntu - 2 abantu;
• Ukuthatha amandla (t) - 2;
• Ifom ye-wheel is 6 ngo-2;
• Isiseko somatshini (m) - 3,2;
• I-Wheelbarrow (m) - 1,405;
• Igunya leyunithi yamandla (hp) - 504;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli-27 ilitha nganye nge-100 km;
• Isantya esiphezulu sokuhamba sisithuba se-65 km / h.

Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwe "trehoski"

I-GAZ-AAA imodeli ejoliswe ngokuyinhloko kumkhosi. Apho le mimoto yayisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwabasebenzi kunye nemithwalo. Njengetrakta yobugcisa. Amandla "treshoska" ayengafanelekanga, ngenxa yokuba ayinamandla. Nangona kunjalo, la malori ayefanelekile ukukhupha izibhamu ezine okanye i-37-mm zokulwa nezixhobo zomkhosi.

Ukongezelela, ngesiseko seGAZ-AAA, isibhamu se-SU-1-12 esisisigxina kunye ne-cannon 76 mm yenziwe, i-middle-class BA-6 kunye ne-BA-10 izithuthi ezikhuselekile, i-PMM kunye ne-PM uhlobo lwe "I" zithuthi zokulungisa, isikhululo somsakazo se-RSBF, , Imithombo, izixhobo ze-kinoperevizhnye, i-agitavtobusy kunye neenjini zomlilo.

Ukuphela koMthumi wobomi

Ngomnyaka we-1943, i-Gorky Automobile Plant yawela phantsi kwebhombiso lweJamani kunye nokutshatyalaliswa. Ngowokuqala kwimfazwe, i-GAZ yayimelwe ukuyimisa umsebenzi wayo.

Naphezu kweengxaki ezinxulumene nexesha lemfazwe, inkampani yabuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye yaqhubeka ikhiqiza iimoto ezininzi ezifunekayo kwilizwe elinobukroti. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuhlaziywa kwakhona, ukuveliswa kweGAZ-AAA kuphelile. Yaye indima yeloli yeetoni ezimbini inyuke ngamandla ekuhlaleni ilizwe emva kokuphela kwemfazwe idlalwe ngeloli elinezimbini ezixhotyiswe nge-wheel-drive, iGAZ-63.

Ewonke, ukususela ngo-1934, ii-37,373 iimoto zaveliswa ngabantu baseGorky. Phakathi kwezi zinto, iikopi ezintathu kuphela ezisinda kulolu suku.