I-Criminal Code ye-Russian Federation: umgaqo wolwaphulo-mthetho

Ingcamango yolwaphulo-mthetho ichazwe ngokucacileyo kwiCandelo loLwaphulo-mthetho lweRussia Federation, apho kuthiwa yinto yesiko ukuqonda ulwaphulo-mthetho njengesenzo senhlalakahle esinokuthi sithwale ingozi ethile kuluntu. Ngcaciso emfutshane, inkcazelo ngokwayo ibonisa uluhlu oluphambili lolwaphulo-mthetho, olubandakanya unetyala eligunyazisiweyo, ukungalunganga kwesenzo, ingozi kunye nokugwetywa okungenamthetho. Ngendlela elula, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imigaqo yomthetho, ulwaphulaphulo luyinto eyenza usizi kwinani elikhulu labemi, bebashiya bengenazo izalamane nabahlobo, kungekho ndlela yokuphila kunye nezindlu, impilo kunye nokuthula kwengqondo - ngaphandle kwezo zinto ezixabisekileyo ezikhutshwe I-Ruts, enye, ngelanga, ngonaphakade.

Nasiphi na isenzo kufuneka sichazwe ngokukodwa ngokuhambelana nomgaqo wasendulo, owaziwayo ukususela ngexesha lokuba ngumthetho waseRoma. Kuthetha ukuba "akukho nto inokuthi ityala lingenalo naluphi na uphawu kuMthetho," oko kukuthi, ukubonakalisa ukuba kwenziwe isenzo sobugebengu, kuyimfuneko ukuba iphumelele kwiCandelo loPhulo-mthetho ngoku isebenza. Ayikho imiphumo yomthetho yecala lolwaphulo-mthetho elisungulwe esinye isenzo somthetho, makube ngumgaqo-mongameli.

Ingcamango yolwaphulo-mthetho ibandakanya inkcazo yokuziphatha okubi, enokuthi isebenze okanye ingenzi (izenzo okanye, ngokuchasene noko, ukungasebenzi). Izibonakaliso ezingenakulinganiswa zale ndlela yokuziphatha, ezibandakanya isicelo esisinyanzelo sezohlwayo, ukuthanda kunye nokuqonda.

Ingcamango ye-corpus

Ukubunjwa kolwaphulo-mthetho kukusetyenzana lwempawu zesenzo esiyingozi kuluntu, enikezelwe yiNkqubo yePalato.

Intsingiselo ebalulekileyo yoluphulo mthetho kukuba yedwa, kunye nesalathisi esaneleyo sokuba nobugebengu ngokwayo. Inyaniso yokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho inokufunyanwa kuphela xa iimpawu zokubunjwa kwazo ezichazwe kumthetho zichanekileyo kwisenzo somntu. Kule ndlela kuphela kunokwenzeka ukubonisa imigaqo-siseko yomthetho-ubulungisa, ukusemthethweni, ukulingana kwabo bonke kunye nomntu wonke phambi koMthetho kunye netyala.

Ingcamango yolwaphulo-mthetho ichaza iinjongo eziphambili zobunjwa balo, oku kuthetha ukuba kubakho ubungqina obunyanzelekileyo bezinto ezine:

1. Into elwaphulo-mthetho yintlalo kunye nemilinganiselo ebalulekileyo, eyenziwa ngumntu owenza isenzo.

2. Injongo yecala, oko kukuthi, ubungqina bezenzo zesenzo sobugebengu.

Icandelo elizithobayo - ngokupheleleyo kwiinkqubo zengqondo kunye neemeko ezivela kwingqondo yomntu owenza ulwaphulo-mthetho.

4. Umxholo wolwaphulo-mthetho ngumntu obonakaliswe ngobungqina bakhe kunye nexesha lokuthatha isenzo ngexesha lokuqalisa uxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ingcamango yokuhlelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho

Ingqiqo yolwaphulo-mthetho iquka into enyanzelekileyo njengento efanelekileyo, eyenziwa ngabantu abaqhuba ukutshutshiswa komthetho, kunye nabagwebi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Le nkqubo ibonisa ukuba kukho ukuthotyelwa kwesenzo esinobungozi kunye nolwaphulo lwezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukufanelekela ulwaphulo-mthetho oluthile kukuba kunikwe uvavanyo oluthile lomthetho, ukubonisa inkqubo yenkqubo yobugebengu, ehambelana nazo zonke iimpawu zolwaphulo-mthetho.

Umphumo wesigqibo esifanelekileyo kukukho kwesigqibo sokugqibela sokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho olubhekiselelwe kulo luphantsi kobugqwesileyo kuphela phantsi kweli nqaku (amanqaku onke), kungekhona nakweyiphi na.

Ingcamango yolwaphulo-mthetho yimiqathango yemigaqo eyahlukeneyo, iinkqubo, ngasinye esichazela kwicala lokukhonkxa kwaye lijoliswe kuphela ekuphumezeni iinjongo, ezichazwe ekugcinweni komthetho kunye nokusekwa kwezigwebo ezifanelekileyo kuphela zesenzo.