I-Boeing 737 500: ukuphononongwa, ezona zifoto, ifoto

Enye yeenkokeli zehlabathi kwizakhiwo zendiza ziyabonwa yi-American company Boeing. Iimveliso zalo mveliso zisasazwa kwihlabathi lonke. Bonke abathengi bezithuthi banamanqaku aphezulu athembekileyo kwaye banesidingo kuzo zonke iifayili kunye nabagibeli. Mhlawumbi akukho nawa maqhekeza athile afunde ukuba ukuhamba ngeenqwelo zeenqwelomoya kwi-Boeing plane akayi kuba nexhala malunga nokukhuseleko kunye nokuthuthuzela. I-brand ngokwayo, njengoko kunjalo, iqinisekisa bobabini.

UMsunguli

UWilliam Edward Boeing wazalwa ngowe-1881 eMichigan. Wafunda kwiYunivesithi yaseYale, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX wayebandakanya ishishini lokukhuni, njengoyise. Ngaloo minyaka, le ndawo yayinenzuzo, imicimbi yakhe yahamba ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngo-1910 wayeseyena mnye wabahlali abaphumeleleyo nabahloniphekileyo base Seattle. Ukususela kwiminyaka yobudala, iphupha likaWilliam Boeing laliyinkwenkwezi - wayefuna ukufunda okuninzi, wayeya kuyo yonke imiboniso kunye neziganeko ezazinikezelwa kwiindiza, i-aircraft kunye neendiza. Isohlwayo yamlethela imiphefumlo yohlobo-abafana nabathandi bezithuthi njengokuba yena ngokwakhe - uConrad Westervelt noTira Maroni, abanalo iindiza zabo. Inqwelo yokuqala kaWilliam Boeing yakhuliswa emoyeni ngowe-1915. Enye nomhlobo wakhe, uGeorge Conrad Westervelt, onenkcazelo yobunjineli, wadala iMveliso yePacific Air, eyayivelisa iinqwelo zaselwandle. Ngowe-1917, inkampani yaziwa ngokuba yi-The Boeing nkampani. Kuphuhliso kwengqondo yakhe uWilliam Boeing utyalomali malunga ne-$ 100,000 - ukuqala kwekhulu lokugqibela kwakuyimali ephosa. Le nkampani kwafuneka ijongane kuphela neenxweme ze-US Navy, kodwa ngaloo mihla kwakunenzuzo yokusebenza kuphela kwimpi, kodwa nakubantu. Emva kowe-1927, u-Boeing waqala ukunqoba imakethi yokukhwela i-civil - ngokokuqala ngqa, i-imeyile ye- moya isetyenziselwa ukuthutha i-imeyile . Ngomnyaka we-1929, umsunguli wavelisa i-airplane yokuqala yokuhamba ngeenqwelo zabasebenzi abantu abayi-12 - ngexesha elifanayo okokuqala ngethuba ebantwini abahamba ngeenqwelo zendiza bakhwela kubagibeli beenkonzo. Kule minyaka, i-Boeing Corporation iye yazuza ngokukhawuleza, iphendulela kwi-titan enkulu yezoshishino kwaye iguqula umququzeleli wayo kwi-businessman ephumelelayo kunye ne-millioneire. UWilliam Boeing wayengumongameli wenkampani, kwaye kwiminyaka yamuva - usihlalo webhodi yabalawuli. Wafa ngowe-1956, kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe wathengisa isabelo sakhe sezabelo, washiya umhlalaphantsi waza wahlala kwinqanawa yakhe kufuphi nxweme laseCanada. Kuyaziwa ukuba emva kokuba umkhwenkwezi wakhe unomdla wawunamahashe ahamba phambili. Wayetshatile waza waba noonyana abathathu.

Imbali yenkampani

Kwixesha langaphambili lemfazwe, iBoeing Inkampani yayibandakanyekile ekuveliseni iinqwelo zolwandle kunye neenqwelo zomoya, ngexesha lokulwa - ukuveliswa kweebhomu. Emva kokuphela kweMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic, inkampani yafudukela ekuvelweni kweenqwelo-moya zokuhamba. Enye yeyokuqala yenziwe i-Boeing 367-80, eyisiboniso seenqwelo zezixhobo zanamuhla. Ngo-1964-1967, i-Boeing 737 icetywa yenziwe. Le ntsapho yeenqwelo zezixhobo ibonisa malunga neendidi ezili-10 zeenqwelo zeziza ezibonwa njengezona zixhaphake kwiindawo zokuhamba.

Imisebenzi

I-Boeing inkampani kunye neenqwelo zomlilo zivelisa izixhobo zempi kunye nezixhobo. Isakhiwo seCandelo leBoeing lihlulwe ngamasebe amabini - i-Boeing Commercial Airplanes, ejongene kuphela neendlela zokuhamba, kunye neenkqubo eziManyeneyo zoKhuselo, ezifaka iinkqubo zendawo kunye nempi. UBoing uhambisa iimveliso eziphuhliswe yinkampani kumazwe angama-145, amafektri ayo asebenza kumazwe angama-67. Umncintiswano omkhulu we-Boeing corporation yinkampani yaseYurophu e-Airbus. Inani labaqeshwa lidlula abantu abayi-160 abantu abasasazeka kwihlabathi-kuzo zonke iiofisi kunye namaziko esayensi yenkampani. Okwangoku, i-Boeing Inkampani iyinkokeli yoshishino lweenqwelo-moya zehlabathi, linikezela abathengi bayo iinguqu zenzululwazi kunye nezobuchwepheshe kwezobuchwepheshe, phakathi kwabasebenzi bayo baninzi abamele nge-degrees yesayensi kunye namabhaso. Inkampani ibonisa phantse indlela yonke yokuphuhlisa i-air and cosmonautics. Ukubonakaliswa kwenkampani yaseRashiya kwavela ngo-1993-I-Boeing Science and Technology Centre yavulwa eMoscow. Kamva, ngo-1997, inkampani yathatha umyalelo wokuqala wokuvelisa iinqwelo-moya kwi-carrier yaseRussia-yayingu-Aeroflot, ebeka umyalelo weenqwelo ezili-10 ze-Boeing. Ngo-2013, i-20 ye-Boeing yaseRashiya yabanjwa. I-Boeing inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokuncedisa, ukubonelela ngoncedo kwiinkalo zentlalo njengemfundo, impilo, ukhuseleko lwendalo, umsebenzi wezobuhlali, ubugcisa kunye nenkcubeko.

Boeing 737

Lo mzekelo wabantu abahamba ngeendlela ezihamba nge-aircraft ubizwa ngokuba yiyona ndlela ixhaphake kakhulu kwihlabathi kwimbali yecala. Yinqwelo-moya ehamba emzimbeni omncinci . Ukuveliswa kwale chungechunge lweenqwelo-moya kwaqala ngo-1967, ukuza kuveliswa imizekelo engaphezu kwama-8,000. Imveliso ephambili yeBoing ikhona e-US, California. Ngokwezibalo, nganoma naluphi na ixesha ngexesha lelo moya lomoya lithetha malunga ne-1200, yonke imizuzwana emihlanu kwinqanaba leplanethi yeBoing 737 ihlala okanye ichithe. Inani leenxalenye ezisetyenzisiweyo kwibandla lendiza lidlula iziqhathu zezigidi ezi-3.

Imindeni

Zonke iinqwelo zee-Boeing 737 zihlulwe zibe ziintsapho ezintathu. I-Boeing Original yaveliswa ukususela ngo-1967 ukuya ku-1988, intsapho elandelayo - iBoing Classic. Ezi ziquka imodeli yendiza eyi-300, i-400, i-500 - yaqaliswa kwimveliso ngo-1988 kwaye yenziwa ngaphambi ko-2000. Emva koko inkampani yaqalisa ukuvelisa iinqwelo ze-NG-Next Generation. Olu lungiso luye lwafakwa kwimveliso ukususela ngo-1997. Zonke iinqwelo ze-Boeing zihluke phakathi kwazo ngokwazo iimpawu zobugcisa, ubude, amandla kunye neenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo.

I-Aircraft Boeing 737-500

Imodeli eboniswayo yinqwelo-moya yokuhamba. Ungowokuqala kwintsapho yeklasi. Iimodeli zentsapho zangaphambilini zineengxolo eziphezulu kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Umncintiswano ophezulu we-Boeing 737-500 ngu- Fokker 100. Ngaphambi kokuphuhliswa kweprojekthi, imiyalelo engama-73 yamukelwe kwiifayili ezijikelezayo kwihlabathi. Imbali yokudala imodeli yaqala ngawo-1960, xa ulawulo lwenkampani lugqiba ukuyila i-aircraft entsha eya kuba namandla angaphezulu kunye nendawo yengxolo ephantsi. Ngethuba ekuphuhliseni iprojekthi, kwakucatshulwa ukuba amandla aya kuba ngabagibeli abangama-60, kodwa emva kokufumana umyalelo kwi-airline yaseJamani yaseLufthansa, kwagqitywa ekubeni kunyuke inani labagibeli abahlala kuyo ukuya ku-104. Umehluko omkhulu ngumsebenzi weenjini ze-turbojet eziphuculweyo . Olu tshintsho lwavunyelwa ukunciphisa kakhulu izinga lezandi, okwaba ngumsebenzi ophambili wokukhuphisana nalo mzekelo. Ukongezelela ekunciphiseni impembelelo yeenjini kwindawo yokusingqongileyo, ukulungiswa kwempembelelo kuye kwathintela ekuphuculeni induduzo yabangena ngaphakathi kwikhenkethi yendiza. Ukongezelela, utshintsho luye lwachaphazela ukwakhiwa kwephiko - ukuguqulwa kwalo olutsha luvumela i-moya ukuba isetyenziswe ukukhutshwa kunye nokuhamba ngeendlela ezifutshane, okwenza kube lula ngakumbi kwaye kuqoqosho ukusetyenziswa. Umzekelo weenqwelo ze-Boeing 737-500 ibonakaliswe ngempumelelo ephezulu yamagesi. Ubungakanani bumnqwanqwa obuncinane buvumela ukusetyenziswa kweenqwelo-moya zokuhamba ngeenqwelo ezincinane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ulawulo lwenkampani luchaza ukuba uphuhliso lwe-Boeing 737-500 lwalubi kakhulu, kwaye ukuveliswa kwaqala ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokugqitywa kwendibano yokuqala yeenqwelo, kwenziwa umkhosi osisigxina - wawubanjwe ngoJanuwari 17, 1967. Kwi-flight Boeing 737-500 iimpendulo ezishiye kungekhona kuphela ngabagibeli, kodwa nakwii-airline, zithetha ngokuthembeka kwayo, ukusebenza kakuhle, uqoqosho kunye nokuthuthuzela. Le moya iyasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathini, nangona ukuba umenzi osuke unikela ngemodeli emitsha nephuculweyo, iyathandwa kakhulu.

Boeing 737-500: ngaphakathi

Inqwelo yenzelwe i-passenger 108. Kule ndawo, i-8 iindawo zeeklasi zeshishini kunye ne-100 yiklasi loqoqosho. I-salon inkulu kakhulu, inqanaba lezandi eliphantsi livumela ukuhamba ngokukhululekile ukuya kumgama ophakathi kunye omfutshane. Inqwelo yale modeli inikezela ukusekwa kwezihlalo kuxhomekeke kwiminqweno yomqhubi womoya. I-airline nganye isasaza izihlalo zabagibeli ngokwezifiso zabo. Unokutshintsha inani lezithuba zeklasi yezoshishino - ukwandise ukuya kuma-50, ngokulandelanayo, inani lezikhundla uqoqosho luya kuncipha. Njengoko kwindiza ezininzi, izihlalo ezilungileyo kwi-Boeing 737-500 zifumaneka nje emva kweklasi yoshishino. Uninzi lwabagibeli abahlala kwi-cabin libonelela ukukwazi ukubuyela emva kwesitulo kwaye udonsa imilenze phambili - oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindiza ezide. Izitulo zabathengi zihlelwe ngemigangatho emibini yezihlalo zontathu nganye - le nto enye yeenzuzo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimodeli, njengoko kwakusetyenziswe iindawo ezihlanu kuphela. Kwi- Boeing 737-500, ukulungiswa kwekhamera kufana nekhabini yentsapho enye. Iindawo eziphambi kwexesha loxinzelelo kwi-12 yomqolo. Oku kuvumela ukuba abagibeli basebenzise isikhala esikhulu, kuba zikhona izihlalo ezimbalwa. Imiqolo yokugqibela - 22 kunye ne-23 - iphakathi kwezindlu zangasese. Abagibeli abakhetha ezi ndawo bafumana ubunzima ngenxa yabantu abadlulayo. Indawo ekuqaleni kwe-salon inika inzuzo xa ihambisa ukutya kunye neziphuzo - eBoeing 737-500 izihlalo ezilungileyo zikwimiqolo yangaphambili ye-saloon.

Iinkcukacha zobugcisa

I-Model Boeing 737-500 ifutshane ngeemitha ezi-2 ngokuthelekiswa nomzekelo wangaphambili weentsapho ezifanayo. Ubungakanani beenqwelo-moya zingama-31 emitha, ukuphakama - 11. I-aircraft eneenqwelo ezingenanto ilinganisa iikhilomitha ezingama-31,000, ubunzima bokuthatha umthamo buyi-60,500 kg. Isantya esiphezulu sokuba iBoeing 737-500 ingahlakulela i-945 km / h. Uluhlu oluthile lwendiza luyi-5500 km. Abaphathi kwi-cockpit yomqhubi-2 abantu. Ubungakanani bemigibeli ngabantu abayi-108 - ukuba i-cabin ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amabini - uqoqosho kunye nezoshishino. Xa kusetyenziswa kuphela iklasi yezokhenketho inokufumana abantu aba-138. Injini yiCFM56-3C1, i-Jet Boeing 737-500 iyinjini ye-jet. Umthamo wamatangi epetroli ngama-23000 ilitha. Ububanzi bekhabini buyi-3.5 mitha. I-Boeing 737-500 (ifoto igqiba oku) inembonakalo ekhangayo.

Ntlekele

Ngokutsho kwedata ngo-2013, ihlabathi lonke lalahlekelwa yi-174 iinqwelo ze-Boeing 737-500. Ngokuphazamiseka komoya, abantu abayi-3,835 babulawa. Ngenxa yokuxhaphaka kweemeko, le moya yathatyathwa ngamaphekula ngamaxesha angama-110 okanye ilawulwa kwezinye iimpembelelo zobugebengu. Ngenxa yeziganeko ezinjalo, abantu abangama-575 bafa. Iqhekeza elibalulekileyo ngokutshatyalaliswa kwendiza yenzeke e-Angola ngo-1983. Iindiza zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zee-Angolan zaqhutyelwa ngabagubungela, ababethetha ngokwabo, baza baphawula ngokukhawuleza emva kokufuduka kwinqwelo-moya yaseLubango. Bonke babesemkhombeni - abantu abayi-130 - babulawa. Inkulu enkulu inhlekelele ngokubhekiselele kwinani lamaphondo yengozi eMangalore. Inqwelo yenye yeenqwelo zeenqwelo zaseIndiya ezikhutshwe ngaphandle kwendlela, zaphahlazeka kwaye zivela kumphumo obanjwe ngumlilo. Ngaphakathi kwinqwelo-moya babengu-166 abantu, aba-158 bafa, abanye bakwazi ukuphepha.

ERashiya, iBoeing 737 yahlaselwa kwi-Perm ngo-2008 - yawela kumzila wesixeko. Abantu bafa ebhodini - abantu abangama-88. Le moya yayiyinkampani i-Aeroflot Nord, ngoku lo mqhubi usebenza kwimakethe yaseRashiya phantsi kwegama elitsha - iNordavia. Enye yeenguqu ezingaphendulwanga zengozi ka-2008 yintsebenziswano yezobugcisa - ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwintsikelelo eyenziwe ukuba abasebenzi babelandela imiyalelo yenkonzo yomhlaba ngokuchaseneyo. Kule nkalo, izenzo zabalandeli bee-pilot zibhalwe ngokunganelanga. Ezinye imithombo ibonisa ukuba i-Boeing 737 iinqwelo-moya ze-1990 zineenkcukacha ezinjalo ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokuthe tye-inkqubo yokuhamba nge-hydraulic inokuguqula impembelelo yokuqondisa, oko kukuthi, umatshini wenza onke amanyathelo omqhubi. Le ntsebenzo ayibonakaliswa yiinkqubo zangaphakathi zeenqwelo, kwaye abasebenzi abavela ngaphakathi bangaboni indlela i-aircraft eyiyo ngayo. Kuyaziwa ukuba ngowama-1996, uBoing wakhupha i-bulletin ekhethekileyo eyalela ukuba zonke iinqwelo-moya ziqhube i-check obligatory yokusebenza kwee-nodes zenkqubo ye-hydraulic yeenqwelo-moya eziveliswe kwi-90s. Kukho ingqungquthela eyenza i-Perm, eyayiqhutyelwa ngaphambili kwintsimi yaseChina kwaye, mhlawumbi, isheke leyo ayizange idlule. Nangona kunjalo, le nguqulo yentlekele ayikho igosa kwaye ayibonakaliswa nguRhulumente nje kuphela oyinyaniso.

Inyaniso

Ezinye iinqwelo-moya zikhetha ukusebenzisa kuphela ii-Boeing 737-500 kwiinqwelo zabo. Ezi ziquka i-Southwest Airlines-inezo moya ezingaphezu kwama-500. Ngenxa yokunyaniseka kwayo kunye nokusebenza kwexesha eliqinisekisiweyo, iinqwelo ezininzi zee-post zaseSoviet zikhetha lo mzekelo ukwenza iindiza. Iinkampani zaseRussia ziquka uTransaero, Aeroflot, i-S7 zeSiberia ze-Airways, i-Utair kunye nabanye abaninzi. I-Boeing 737-500, i-Transaero yenye yeenqwelo ezinqabileyo kakhulu kwiinqwelo-moya ngaphakathi kwe-Russia nakwamanye amazwe. Inqwelo yomoya yenkampani iqukethe iinqwelo ezi-14 zalolu hlobo. Kwakhona, i-airline "Yamal" iBoing 737-500 isebenzisa ngokubanzi. Inqwelo yale nkampani iquka inqwelo ezinjalo ezi-6. Omnye wabanikazi abakhulu be-Boeing 737-500 yi-Utair. Le moya yasebenzisa iinqwelo-moya ezingama-34.

I-Boeing 737-500 ayinaso inkqubo yokucoca i-fuel drain. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngelixesha leengozi, idiza kufuneka ijikeleze ngaphambi kokuba ifike ekudleni. Xa kwenzeka imeko yongxamisekileyo, ukuhlawuleka kuyenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo.

Ukupenda i-Boeing 737-500 - iifoto zenziwe ngentla - ngaphezu kweelitha ezingama-200 zepende, xa zisiwe, ubunzima bayo buyi 113 kg.