Xa zisetyenzisiwe, iibhetri ze-lead-acid ezitywinyiwe zizakugqitywa, kwaye kufuneka zibuyiselwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Imiba yale nkqubo iya kuqwalaselwa kwisakhelo seli nqaku.
Oko kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlawula
Le yigama lenkqubo, okuyiyo yokutshatyalaliswa. Ngexesha lokutshatyalalwa kweebhetri ezitywinwe nge-acid-lead, zigcinwe ngamandla, ngelixa zondla kumthombo wamandla angaphandle. Kwisiphumo sokugqibela, intlawulo iqokelelwa, elingana namandla. Kwaye kuthini na ishaja njengamabhethri e-acid e-seal? Ziyi-converter yamandla kunye nee-terminals ezimbini, ngasinye sidibene kunye ne- anode kunye ne-cathode. Ibhethri ye-lead-acid ishicilelwe, engenakusondlo, xa ixhunyiwe kwinethiwekhi, iza kuqala inkqubo yokubuyisela nokuguqula amandla ombane (anikezelwa kwinethiwekhi) ibe yikhemikhali eyodwa. Ngoko ukuba kwixesha elizayo, ngokukhawuleza xa kunesidingo, unokuqhuba inqubo ephilileyo kwaye unike amandla ngamandla kwiidivaysi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo.
Sihlawula ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo
Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa "indlela yangoku-voltage". Yintoni na? Ibhetri iqalelwa ngokutsha ngoku. Xa izikhokelo ezifunekayo zifikeleleke, inkxaso yokuhlala yamandla iqala ukuhamba. Ukuze ukwazi okokuqala ukuhlawula i-current charging, kudla ngokwaneleyo ukuhlola loo meko ngokucopheleleyo - le pharamitha iboniswe khona. Ngokuqhelekileyo eli xabiso lifikelela ku-0.3 . Ukwenza kucace ngakumbi, cinga ukuba sinesixhobo esinomlinganiselo we-100 A / h. Emva koko umrhumo okhoyo awufanele udlule kwi-30A. Kodwa eli likhulu likhuselekile, abaninzi abavelisi kwieshaja zabo basebenzisa ulawulo lwepesenti ezilishumi. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uhlawule iibhetri ngaphandle koyiko lokwenza into engalunganga kwaye uyakhubaza. Kwaye kufuneka ndihlawule kangakanani? Ukuba okwangoku i-20% yamandla, ukugcinwa kwebhetri kuya kubuyiselwa ngo-90% kwiiyure ezingama-5 ukuya ku-6. I-10% esele iya kuthatha malunga nosuku. Nazi ezinye iimpawu zokusebenza kwayo inesitya kwiibhetri ze-lead-acid. Ngaba kukho nayiphi na indlela yokukhawulezisa le nkqubo? Ewe, kwaye ngoku siza kuqwalasela indlela.
Ukutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kweebhetri ezitywinwe nge-acid
Isiqhelo sihlawula ngoku ngokuthe ngqo kumbane we-13.8. Eninzi ayinconywanga ngenxa yemiphumo emibi. Kodwa ukuba abanakukuthusa, unokwandisa umbane ukuya ku-14.5 V (oku kubhetri ye-12 V). Ngenxa yoko, ibhetri kwi-20% yentlawulo iya kuhlawula iiyure ezingama-6. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa kuphela ukusebenza kwe-cyclic.
Igalelo lokushisa
Yonke into ebhaliwe ngasentla, ibhekisela kwimeko kuphela xa ubushushu buyi-20 degrees Celsius. Kweminye imichiza, kuyimfuneko ukuzisa umvuzo wentlawulo yokutsala. Ukuhlawula ibhetri ye-lead-acid kwi-grade -15 ukuya kuma-40. Ukuphakama kweqondo lokushisa, ngaphantsi kufuneka kube ngumbane ukuphepha ukuhlawula. Kwimeko echasene nayo, esi sibonakaliso, ngokuchaseneyo, kufuneka sinyuswe ukwenzela ukuphepha ukukhutshwa. Ngoko ibhethri ye-lead-acid ishicilelwe, engenakulondolozwa isondlo-ke iyanqweneleka ukuba ihlawulwe kwi-degrees Celsius engama-20, kunye nokunciphisa ambalwa. Ewe, unako ukubala rhoqo, kodwa akusoloko ikulungele. Njengendawo efanelekileyo yeparameter yexesha lokushisa kaninzi ukhetha amakhaya abo, kodwa ke kufuneka unakekele umgangatho wokutsala indawo yokuhlawula, zombini ngexesha le nkqubo, kunye neeyure ezimbalwa emva kokuphela kwayo.
Imiphumo yokungathobeli imigaqo yokhuseleko
Iindlela ezichazwe ngasentla zijoliswe ekukhawuleni ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo. Ngelo xesha, injongo kukunyusa ixesha lokuphila kwebhetri ye-lead-acid ngokunciphisa ukuguga kwayo. Kwaye makhe sibone ukuphambuka. Yintoni eyenzekayo ukuba ngoku kusetyenziswa ngaphezulu kweyona nto ivumeleke ngoku? Ekuqaleni, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amabhetri e-lead-acid acetywayo ayinakho ukuhlawula ngokupheleleyo. Kwakhona, ngenxa yokunciphisa ukusebenza kombane wokunciphisa i-gas, i-electrolyte iya kulahlekelwa ngamanzi. Ngoko ke, isityholo esisodwa sinokwanela ukunciphisa umthombo womsebenzi.
Kwaye kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ikhoyo iyancishiswa ibe yi-0.5 ekhulwini yamandla? Iibhetri ze-lead-acid ezicwangcisiweyo zikwahlawulwa kwakhona kweli phepha, kodwa le nkqubo iya kuqhubeka kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Ukongezelela, isixhobo siya kuba seburhulumenteni esilingana nokukhutshwa. Kwaye oku kukhokelela kwisulfure kunye nokuguga ngokukhawuleza. Ewe, inkokhelo enye kunye nekhoyo esezantsi ayanele ngokwenza umonakalo omkhulu, kodwa kungcono ukuba ungayisebenzisi. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukubeka esweni umbane wokugqibela, ukwenzela ukuba ifowuni ingenzi phantsi kwaye iyanciphise ubomi bayo.
Kwaye kutheni iibhetri ze-acid-lead ziba neqondo lokushisa elinjalo? Inyani kukuba xa bephuma kubo, umsebenzi we-recombination mechanism uyeka, kwaye i-electrolyte ilahlekelwa ngamanzi ayo.
Nokuba konke kwenziwe kakuhle
Ukufumana umphumo omuhle, kuyimfuneko ukuthobela iiparitha ezifunekayo kwisakhelo esifunekayo. Indawo ephambili kulo mbandela kufuneka ithathelwe ngoku kunye nombane (qwalasela iqondo lokushisa). Emva koko iibhetri ezikhombisiweyo-i-asidi iya kuhlawulwa ngempumelelo kwaye iza kuhlala ixesha elide. Ukuba kukho i-electrolyte ejikeleze iiplavethi zokukhusela , iingubo ezimhlophe okanye iibhola, ukubuyiswa kweempawu zeso sixhobo akuzange kwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukumisela urhulumente, unokusebenzisa umhloli. Ukubuyiselwa kweebhetri ze-lead-acid ezitywinweyo zenziwa ngoncedo lweeshaja ezikhethekileyo (ezinokuthatha iintsuku eziliqela) okanye ezongezelelweyo iintshukumo (mhlawumbi uthele i-electrolyte).
Isiphelo
Njengoko ubona, inkqubo yokuhlaja ibhetri ye-lead-acid ayinakubizwa ngokuba nzima. Ukuba ukhuseleko luyabonwa, akuyi kuba lula ukufumana into engalunganga. Kodwa ekugqibeleni ndifuna ukucebisa ukuba zihlawule ngamagumbi ahlukeneyo, kwaye ukuba izixhobo zibuyiselwe kwindlu yokuhlala, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umoya uphefumle kakuhle ngexesha le nkqubo, kunye neeyure eziliqela emva kwayo. Ezi nyathelo zokhuseleko ziyimfuneko ngenxa yokuba, nakwii-microscopic doses, kodwa ukukhokela kunokungena emoyeni, kwaye kuyo kunye nomzimba, apho kuphuculwa kancinci kwaye ihlale ichanekile.