I-Black Book of izilwanyana. I-Black Book of Russia: izilwanyana

Sonke siyazi malunga ubukho Book oluBomvu. Yangena iintlobo ezinqabileyo ngeliso ezisengozini enezityalo nezilwanyana. Noko ke, bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba kukho Incwadi Black lezilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Uqulathe eyona uluhlu extinct kunye extinct ngonaphakade.

isingeniso

Ingcamango wokudala Red Book of izityalo kunye nezilwanyana embindini kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Kwaye sele nekopi yokuqala ncwadi yapapashwa ngowe-1966, kuquka inkcazelo abangaphezu kwekhulu entlobo ezanyisayo, iintlobo-200 zeentaka kunye nezityalo ezingaphezu kwama-25 amawaka. Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu ziye wazama ukutsalela ingqalelo koluntu ingxaki yokuduka ezinye iintlobo enezityalo nezilwanyana iplanethi yethu. Noko ke, ukufuduka akukho ngokukodwa yandinceda ukuba singawusombululi lo mba. Ngoko ke, nyaka ngamnye Book Red ngokuthe ngcembe zazaliswa amagama amatsha kweentlobo. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba kukho amaphepha abamnyama the Book oluBomvu. Izilwanyana kwakunye nezityalo ezidweliswe kuzo nobutyobo extinct. Ngelishwa, kwiimeko ezininzi kwaba sisiphumo sengqondo ngqiqweni kwaye okungenaluzsini wabantu uhlobo iplanethi yethu. I-Red and The Black Book of izilwanyana namhlanje uphawu kangaka nje ngowokucela uncedo kubo bonke abantu Umhlaba ngenxa ngemfuneko yokumisa ukusebenzisa izibonelelo zendalo kuphela ukulungiselela iinjongo zabo. Ukongeza, basityathe ulwazi malunga ngokubaluleka kobudlelwane kufutshane imeko kube khona umhlaba omhle kumiwa linani elikhulu kwezidalwa emangalisayo kunye ezizodwa. incwadi izilwanyana Black namhlanje iquka ixesha ukususela 1500 ukuya namhlanje. Ecinga amaphepha ale ncwadi, siya kufumanisa kuyithela ukuba ngelo xesha saphela malunga iintlobo namawaka zezilwanyana, ndingasathethi izityalo. Ngelishwa, inkoliso yabo baba ngamaxhoba ngqo okanye engangqalanga yabantu.

I-Black Book of Izilwanyana: A Uluhlu

Njengoba bonke wanyamalala ngokupheleleyo iintlobo umhlaba lethu ngoqhanqalazo isihloko olulodwa kuya kuba nzima kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqaqambisa ezinye zazo. Sicebisa ukuba siqwalasele izilwanyana extinct abahlala kummandla eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe.

I-Black Book of Russia

Izilwanyana kwilizwe lethu namhlanje thaca ngaphezu kwama 1,500 esiXhoseni. Noko ke, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kokubini eRashiya nakumazwe aphesheya liyehla ngokukhawuleza. Oku kubangwa umntu. A Inani ingakumbi elikhulu kweentlobo zibhangile kwiinkulungwane ezimbini zokugqibela. Ngoko ke, i-Black Book of Russia. Izilwanyana ezidweliswe kumaphepha ayo, nobutyobo extinct. Namhlanje, amalungu amaninzi izilwanyana yesizwe kunokubonwa ngaphandle imifanekiso encyclopedia okanye, kwi kakuhle, ngokohlobo izilwanyana wafaka kwiimyuziyam. Sinikezela lokudibana nabanye babo.

nogwidi Spectacled

Olu hlobo iye yafunyanwa ngo-1741 ngexesha hambo ukuya eKamchatka Vitus wethu. Igama lakhe imbeko nogwidi semvelo igama Steller, ngubani kuqala wayichaza. Abameli olu hlobo baba enkulu kakhulu kade. Bahlala kumathanga ezinkulu, kwaye ukusuka iingozi kusinda kuphela ngamanzi. Abantu bakhawuleza kakhulu ukuba siqonde incasa lokwenyaniso nogwidi le Steller inyama yakhe. Makubulelwe ke lula iintaka wokuzingela yaqala kwanokupheliswa kwalo olungalawulwayo. Ngenxa yoko, le cormorants Steller lokugqibela wabulawa 1852. Kuye iminyaka elikhulu ukususela ukuvulwa ifomu kuphela ...

Steller kaThixo cow ulwandle

I-Black Book of izilwanyana extinct kwakhona uchaza uhlobo olunye, vula ngexesha hambo of Vitus wethu ngo-1741. inqanawa yakhe, ebizwa ngokuba "Saint uPetros" iphele kufuphi nonxweme yesiqithi, kamva ogama wokuwonga elaa discoverer. Iqela Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahlale apha ebusika, badle inyama engaqhelekanga izilwanyana ngokuba iinkomo ngenxa yokuba badla nje nengca yolwandle. Ezi izidalwa enkulu kunye kade. ubunzima yabo badla ukuya kwiitoni ezilishumi. Inyama manatees yaba nencasa kwaye esempilweni. Hunt is on ezi ngxilimbela engeyongozi ayikho nzima, ekubeni izilwanyana ezolile wadla lona lisiza kufuphi nonxweme, abazange bakwazi ukuphuma ingozi ngasemva yaye akazange ungoyiki mntu. Ngenxa yoko, emva kokuba kugqitywe uhambo ukukhumbula ukuba kwiziqithi ngeniso abazingeli okhohlakeleyo ndibatshabalalise bonke abantu iimazi elwandle eminyaka amathathu.

nguWisente abaseAfrika

I-Black Book of izilwanyana kuquka indalo ezinhle, njengoko inyathi abaseAfrika. Ezi ezanyisayo kanye kumiwa kwintsimi enkulu ukusuka eCaucasus Mountains kuMntla we Iran. Sisihlandlo sokuqala sale mhla hlobo emva kwinkulungwane XVII. Nangona kunjalo, inani inyathi abaseAfrika yaqala ukuna ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngenxa ukutshatyalaliswa kwamalweyile ngendlela umntu wayo, kwakunye neendawo amadlelo yokunciphisa. Ngoko ke, ukuba phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX kwi kummandla Russia wahlala malunga namawaka amabini abameli hlobo, emva leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, abazange abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu. Ngexesha Civil War, abemi engalawulekiyo ukutshabalalisa bison abaseAfrika inyama yazo kunye neentsuba. Ngenxa yoko, ngowe-1920 labemi ezi zilwanyana sele kwakungekho ngaphezu ngamnye kwekhulu. Government reserve ngokukhawuleza yamiselwa, eyenzelwe ukukhusela kulo hlobo yokuduka. Kodwa kude kube mzuzu yendalo kwayo ngo-1924, kwakuhlala 15 kuphela inyathi abaseAfrika. Nangona kunjalo, ukuziphendulela karhulumente wayengakwazi ukuba ubagcine kuyo ngemipu of abangenamvume. Ngenxa yoko, ummeli emithathu yokugqibela yale hlobo abaye babulawa ngabalusi ngowe-1926 kwiNtaba Alous.

lweCaspian tiger

Nya ngu abantu babenethemba isilwanyana kuphela omsulwa abasemngciphekweni. Le ncwadi omnyama, kukho inani ezidla ezintle eziyingozi, equka Transcaucasian (okanye Turan) ingwe. Inani labantu lolu hlobo ezanyisayo yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo 1957. LweCaspian Tiger waba enkulu kangangoko (ukuya kwi 240 kilograms) kwaye irhamncwa entle kakhulu, noboya elide umbala obomvu oqaqambileyo. Abameli olu hlobo wahlala phezu ummandla ilizwe, ezifana ne Iran, Pakistan, Armenia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan (inxalenye ekumazantsi), ne Turkey. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, lweCaspian Tiger na isizalwane ikufutshane le Amur. Zanyamalala yezi zilwanyana ezimangalisayo e Central Asia wayanyaniswe becala ukufika kwi emdeni abavela Russian. Bona ingqalelo eyingozi nomzingeli kakhulu kunye ukuzingelwa kuye. Ngoko ke, nkqu amajoni umkhosi rhoqo zasetyenziswa ukuze bambulale amahlosi. Kwakhona indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo lokutshabalala ezi zilwanyana wayedlala nokwandiswa imisebenzi oluntu yokuhlala yezi zilwanyana. zavkazskogo Last tiger sibonakala 1957 ngomhla kummandla USSR ku Turkmenistan kufuphi nomda Iran.

zezilwanyana extinct elalihlala ngaphandle kummandla Russia kunye USSR

Ngoku sinikela ukufumana ukuba yintoni inkcazelo iqulethe incwadi abamnyama ehlabathini. Izilwanyana ezidweliswe amaphepha ayo zanyamalala phezu komhlaba kwakhona ngenxa becala izenzo zabantu.

Rodriguez parrot

Inkcazelo yokuqala yale ntlobo asusela kunyaka 1708. Rodriguez wahlala parrot kwi Mascarene Islands, ibekwe 650 km kwimpuma eMadagascar. Ubude umzimba nakwiinkukhu malunga nesiqingatha semitha. Le parrot iye eqaqambileyo liyaphapha eluhlaza naorenji ukuba bawonakalisile. Ukuze ufumane ngeentsiba ezintle, abantu baye lokuzingela kwamalweyile ngendlela iintaka ezi zilwanyana. Ngenxa yoko, ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII Rodriguez isikhwenene yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo.

Falkland Islands Wolf

Inani labantu abanye abameli zezilo lehla ngcembe zamashumi ezininzi okanye amakhulu eminyaka. Ke ezinye izilwanyana ezidweliswe kwiNcwadi Black, ibikade ugonyamelo nkqi ngokwenene yaye enogonyamelo. Abameli ezi ntlobo zeengozi ekunokuthiwa Falkland Islands Wolf (okanye ingcuka Falkland). Yonke ingcaciso kule fomu isekelwe kuphela imiboniso ezincinane museum kunye namanqaku lwabahambi. Ezi zilwanyana babehlala kummandla Falkland Islands. Height esibunayo yezi zilwanyana yaba iisentimitha zaba ngamashumi omathandathu, baba uboya entle kakhulu kubomvu-mdaka. Falkland Islands Wolf wakwazi Bakhonkothe inja ondle ikakhulu kwiintaka, ezidlile amabunzi kuphoselwa siqithi elwandle. Ngowe-1860, i-Falkland Islands yayibanjwe iScots, otsaleleke kakhulu uboya of chanterelles zasekuhlaleni. Bakhawuleza baqalisa ukutshabalalisa ngenkohlakalo: adubule, ityhefu yityhefu, ngokuzikhama igesi imingxuma. Ngako konke Falkland Islands Wolf waba enethemba kakhulu kwaye enobubele, kulula ukuba aye wadibana nomntu kwaye ingaba izilwanyana kakhulu. Kodwa ke Falklands wolf yokugqibela wambulala ngowe-1876. Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka nje eli-16, lo mntu kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ukuba uhlobo ezincancisayo ezizodwa. Bonke abaseleyo abemi kanye ezinkulu iimpungutye Falkland - na imiboniso imyuziyam elinanye e London, Stockholm, eBrussels kunye Leiden.

kaDodo

Izilwanyana ukusuka kwiNcwadi Black anayo nezikhundla zayo, nentaka edume idodo kunye negama fancy. Uninzi inkcazelo yayo aziqhelileyo Lewis Carroll kaThixo "Alice in Wonderland", apho kwabe okhankanywe phantsi igama kaDodo. KaDodo izidalwa mikhulu. Ngelo ukuphakama abafikelele semitha enye, yaye ubunzima bazo phakathi ngeekhilogram-10 no-15. Ezi iintaka abakwazi ukubhabha, wenjenjeya kuphela emhlabeni, njengoko, umzekelo, iinciniba. KaDodo waba umlomo elide eyomeleleyo kwaye enamandla ezitsolo ubude ogama uyakwazi ukufikelela 23 cm. Ngenxa yemfuneko ukuhambisa kuphela phezu kobuso imilenze emhlabeni ezi iintaka ixesha elide kwaye womelele, lo gama amaphiko - encinane kakhulu. Kuhlala zezi zilwanyana emangalisayo kwisiqithi Mauritius. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala idodo kuchazwa 1598 wafika siqithi yi-omkhulu Dutch. Ekubeni yimbonakalo yomntu kule ndawo zokuhlala kwabo, ezi ntaka baye baba ngamaxhoba rhoqo, nendlela abantu zizireyithe incasa inyama yazo, kunye izilwanyana zabo. Ngenxa ubudlelwane idodo zatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo. Ummeli yokugqibela yale hlobo wabonwa eMauritius ngo-1662. Ngoko ke, ngo ngaphantsi kwe kwekhulu emva kokuba ukufunyanwa ngabantu baseYurophu of idodo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, abantu baqonda ukuba olu hlobo asisekho, senkulungwane sisiqingatha kuphela emva kokuba Ukunyamalala bakhe ubuso bomhlaba. Ukutshatyalaliswa idodo uye, mhlawumbi, kufaniswe lokuqala embalini xa abantu ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba abantu babe unobangela ekutshabalaleni kweentlobo yonke.

Thylacine tilatsin

I-Black Book of izilwanyana iquka indalo ekhethekileyo, njengoko wolf Tasmanian. Wayehlala New Zealand kunye Tasmania. Olu uhlobo kuphela ilungu lentsapho. Ngenxa yoko, kunye umkakhe, asisayi kukwazi buqu jonga kwi ingcuka amatakane. Kuba ixesha lokuqala olu hlobo kwachazwa abaphandi yaseBritani 1808. Kumaxesha amandulo, ezi zilwanyana wayehlala kwintsimi enkulu Australia. Emva koko, ke, baqhutywa ngaphandle dingoes zazo zokuhlala zendalo. labantu yawo iye yahlala kuphela kwiindawo apho dingoes azafunyanwa. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX wolf amatakane Walinda ezinye iingxaki. Abameli olu hlobo baba kakhulu wabatshabalalisa, njengoko kwakucingwa ukuba elenzakalayo abalimi inxaxheba ukufuya impahla emfutshane kunye neenkukhu. Ngenxa ukutshatyalaliswa kwamalweyile ngendlela iingcuka amatakane ngo-1863 inani labo yehlile kakhulu.

Sidibana izilwanyana leNcwadi Black kuphela kwiindawo ntaba ezikude. Mhlawumbi olu hlobo yasinda ukuba wayengazange kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, ubhubhane i-ukugula, kungenzeka, isifo canine, wayekhuliswe apha izilwanyana iindawo. Ngelishwa, ingcuka amatakane yajika kuba zizisulu sifo, nto leyo live kwakukho nje inxalenye elincinane labantu enkulu yangaphambili. Ngowe-1928, abameli olu hlobo kwakhona akukho luck. Nangona lo mthetho ligqithise Izilwanyana devil, wolf amatakane kuluhlu karhulumente alithandayo azifakwanga. Ummeli lokugqibela zasendle iintlobo, wabulawa 1936. Iminyaka emithandathu emva koko, wafa kukwaluphala kunye ingcuka yokugqibela devil, laliwaphethe zoo labucala. Noko ke, nangona olu hlobo luquka incwadi emnyama zezilwanyana, kukho ithemba nolulahlekisayo besihla eziphakamileyo ezintabeni ehlathini luluqilima of wolf eziliqela amatakane wakwazi ukuba baphile, yaye kungekudala ababanga nako ukufumana ukuzama ukubuyisela abantu kwezi nezilwanyana ezizodwa.

namaqwarha

Ezi zilwanyana i zenyathi zebras, kodwa ngokuphawulekayo ukusuka kunoogxa babo ngenxa umbala ekhethekileyo. Ngoko ke, inxalenye phambi ibhokhwe le esinemigca ezifana neqwarha, yaye umva - semono. Kwindalo, badibana apha eMzantsi Afrika. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, namaqwarha nguye iintlobo kuphela eziphilayo ukuya kumhla sezikhe zadanjiswa yimvelo umntu. Abalimi ngokukhawuleza kuhlolwa umyinge wokuphelelwa abasabela ngayo namaqwarha. Ngoko ke, amadlelo ecaleni ugxuba iibhokhwe nokuba yigusha, kuba ngabokuqala isaziso nayiphi na ingozi, yaye balumkisa bonke abazalwana bakhe neempuphu.

Ngenxa yoko, maxa wambi ezixabisa ngaphezu kwe-Umalusi okanye unogada izinja. Kutheni abantu ukutshabalalisa ezi zilwanyana ezixabisekileyo, solo nokuyiqonda zizazinzulu. Enoba lwalunjani, namaqwarha lokugqibela wabulawa 1878.

umkhweli ijuba

De kwinkulungwane XIX, abameli kule hlobo ziphakathi iintaka zixhaphakileyo phezu komhlaba. Ixabiso lwabemi kuqikelelwa kwi abantu 3-5 billion. Baba iintaka ezincinane kunye cute kakhulu sinombala, kwayingqombela buboya. Wahlala umkhweli ijuba e Intshona Melika kunye Canada. Inani le ntaka kancane kancane ngethuba elisusela ku-1800 ukuya 1870. Kwaye ngoko ke uhlobo sentsimbi kutshabalalisa kugqithiso enkulu. Abanye Abantu babekholelwa ukuba ezi ntaka enokuqoba kumafama. Abanye embulele ezula amahobe nje for fun. Ezinye i "abazingeli" bathwalwa phandle nkqu khuphiswano, ngexesha apho kwafuneka wamhle ukubulala inani lobuninzi iintaka kunokuba. Ngenxa yoko, umkhweli negobo yokugqibela sibonwe endle ngo-1900. Ixhoba kuphela ummeli lohlobo ogama ngoMatshi wafa lobuxhego ngoSeptemba 1914 kwi zoo kwisixeko Melika eCincinnati.

Ngoko ke, namhlanje safumanisa ukuba incwadi emnyama. Malunga izilwanyana ezidweliswe kumaphepha ayo, singakwazi bazisole kuphela. Noko ke, sinako ukwenza konke okusemandleni ukuze ayeke kwanokupheliswa lweentlobo ezikhoyo ngoku. Ngapha koko, umntu ke ukumkani wendalo, onoxanduva abazalwana bethu thina.