Ezibangele ukutshatyalaliswa ozone

Sonke sihlala emhlabeni imisebe ukufudumala kwelanga, kodwa ukuba sonke siyazi malunga neziphumo zezi imitha emzimbeni womntu?

Zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni kuxhomekeke amandla kwelanga. Yiloo eyingozi kunye reyi infrared na umthombo mandla anqabileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ifuthe ultraviolet radiation kwi eziphilayo kukhokelela ukuba uphazamiseko kunqandwa ubume be-asidi acid iiprothini, yaye ngenxa yoko, ekhokelela Iseli ukufa.

Nature wadala ukhuselo oluthembekileyo kakhulu - ozone umaleko komhlaba, nto leyo isebenza njengesithintelo eziyingozi UV eyingozi. Emoyeni, kwintaba ephakame 20-50 km iqulathe isixa esikhulu ozone, nto leyo idala uhlobo ikhaka ekhusela Biosphere Reserve kunye ubuntu.

Umzimba womntu uyakwazi ukuzikhusela xa ngeendleko Yindibanisela kombala emnyama (bala lintsundu), esiyibiza kungekuphela nje tan. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye entwasahlobo, xa isikhumba iqulethe imali encinci-bala lintsundu, umntu akakwazi ukuhlala ixesha elide elangeni: I nesikhumba redden ngokukhawuleza, yaye kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya phezulu jikelele ubushushu bomzimba kunye intloko ebuhlungu zenzeka.

Wonke sele kudala kwaziwa ukuba izazinzulu sigcine inkqubo ukutshatyalaliswa-ozone. Isiqulatho ozone yeegesi lifinyele kakhulu, ngaphezu koko, kuye kwafunyanwa ekuthiwa "umngxuma", apho ibekwe phezu Antarctica. Ngelishwa, indawo kulo mngxuma liyenyuka ngonyaka ngamnye, kwaye ngexesha mzuzu kwindawo yayo lidlula ubungakanani Antarctica ngokwayo.

Ukuncipha ye-ozone akuthethi abonwe isintu, umzekelo, kumazwe ukuba kufutshane nezwe, kukho isifo ekhulayo. Ngokomthetho yona izifo ezinxulumene ne nokwanda UV imvelaphi, cataract, umhlaza eluswini, kunye nabanye.

Izazinzulu ukusuka kumntla ikhweyitha zabona ukuncitshiswa ozone emoyeni, yaye ingxelo nasisihlo Kwezinto Eziphelisa i "umngxuma" phezu Svalbard.

Yintoni esongela ukutshatyalaliswa-ozone? Imiphumo inokuba buhlungu, ingakumbi, oku kubonakala lokuvuna, nto leyo kakhulu lifinyele. Ngaphezu koko, kukho yemfuza yezityalo nezilwanyana, kwakunye nokukhula izifo. Eyoyikisayo ukucinga ukuba ozone kungaphela ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yokuba nakanjani na oko kungakhokelela kwilahleko enezityalo nezilwanyana.

Iimbangi ezingundoqo ekutshatyalalisweni ozone zifihliwe kwimisebenzi yabantu. Kwiinzame ukuqinisekisa ubukho obutofotofo, umntu idala kwaye usebenzisa iintlobo kweenkqubo zoshishino. olutshizwa Various eziqulathe freons (chlorofluoromethane), zikhuselekile abantu, kodwa igcinwe kule emoyeni kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-70.

Isibakala sokuba iziyobisi oluhlala kwi emoyeni, akhokelela ukutshatyalaliswa ozone. Umsebenzi lweshishini lemichiza ilulungele kakhulu umoya ukungena ezi izinto. Okokuqala, lo ozone umaleko kwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo chlorine, omnye atom apho abole 100 tysyach iimolekyuli ozone.

Oku kunegalelo kokutshatyalaliswa 'ikhaka' sethu kunye nemisebenzi zomkhosi. Iinjini izikhali ballistic esetyenziswa emkhosini, kukhutshwe imali enkulu yingozi kwenitrojeni. Ngamnye onjalo a sungula enomjukujelwa ibe isithuba yenza i "umngxuma" omkhulu ozone. Emva kweeyure nje ezimbalwa, lo "mngxuma" ilityazisiwe.

Buyela kwi 70s phezu siqithi hlali ekude kunye emkhosini US iphaphatheke iikhemikhali stratosphere ebangele ukuba ukuyilwa "imingxuma" eyathatha kuphela emva kweeyure eziliqela. Zokuncipha ozone phezu siqithi kukhokelele kwinto yokuba uninzi abemi belizwe siqithi satshatyalaliswa nje. Izilwanyana, izityalo, izinto ezincinci eziphilayo - bonke bafa. Sakwazi ukusinda Ufudo kuphela nje ezimbalwa enkulu abasindiswayo ngenxa isikrweqe shinyi ezinqinileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi amahobe baziimfama, ngokuba kwiretina litshisiwe ukukhanya eyingozi.