I-aluminium yokubamba ekhaya

Ukutsalwa kwe-aluminium (iimveliso ezivela kule nsimbi) kwenziwa ukuze kucocwe umphezulu ukusuka phezulu, ungqongqo olungadingekile okanye kwi-rust. Kukho intlobo efanayo - utyando lwezobugcisa, xa kuyimfuneko ukurefa umzobo phezu kwendawo yensimbi.

Iintlobo zokubetha

Ukubethelwa kwezinyithi ngokubanzi kunye ne-aluminium ngokukodwa zizinto ezimbini eziphambili: iikhemikhali kunye ne-galvanic. Indlela yokugqibela yinto nje yobuciko.

Kwimeko yekhemikhali: imveliso ifakwe kwisitya apho isisombululo se-hydrochloric okanye i-sulfuric acid isaphala. Ngendlela efanayo, i-aluminium engenanto ifakwe nge-alkali, umzekelo we-caustic soda.

I-galvanic (ngaphandle kwalokho - i-electrolytic okanye i-electrochemical) ngenxa yebhetri yamandla. Inkqubo ngokwayo iqhutyelwa kwindawo yokuhlamba ekhethekileyo, apho kukho i-anode kunye ne-cathode.

Emva koko, nganye yeendlela zokwenza i-aluminium enombumba iya kuxutyushwa ngokubanzi. Qaphela kwakhona indlela ekhuselekileyo ekhaya.

Ukufakwa kwe-aluminium nge-asidi

Ngenxa yokuba i-acids enamandla kakhulu isetyenziswe kule nkqubo, okokuqala kuyimfuneko ukugcina izilumkiso ezongezelelweyo xa usebenza nabo. Umsebenzisi kufuneka agqoke iiglavu, i-mask, i-apron. Kubalulekile ukuba igumbi apho inkqubo ngokwayo iqhutyelwa khona. Ukungabi namakhono athile kwaye ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezithile zokukhusela ukusebenza kunye nama-acids akacebisi.

Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe ngasentla, umkhiqizo we-aluminium ufakwa kwisitya kunye ne-asidi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa i-aluminium yamakhemikhali, i-asidi isebenzisa izi reagents ezilandelayo: i-hydrochloric acid okanye i-sulfuric acid. Xa beqhagamshelana nesinyithi, i-hydrogen ikhutshwa. Ngaphandle libukeka kanje: umphezulu wemveliso uhlanganiswe ngamabhule amancinci. Kodwa, ngokusemgangathweni, oku kunokuthintelwa ukuba ungeze isithako esikhethekileyo kwi-tank kusengaphambili. Ngaloo ndlela, isinyithi iya kukhuselwa kwiibhulabhu ngefilimu ye-thinnest.

Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu: yonke imisebenzi yokwenza imveliso evela ku-aluminium kunye ne-asidi kufuneka iqhutywe ngamandla, ukwenzela ukuba ubuso bentsimbi ngokwawo buhlale buhleli.

Indlela echazweyo iyacetyiswa ukuba iqhutywe kwiingxowa zenziwe ngemithi okanye kwikhonkrithi. Ngexesha elifanayo, umgangatho wayo wangaphakathi kufuneka ulungiswe ngamateyili anqandekile e-asidi ukwenzela ukuba iindonga zesitya singabhubhisi.

Le ndlela ayisetyenziswanga ngokuqhelekileyo.

I-Aluminium

Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ndlela isebenzisa isisombululo esinomsoco se-sodium hydroxide (i-variant with or without additives inokwenzeka).

Yaye isetyenziselwa ukucoca umgangatho we-aluminium umkhiqizo kwi-oksidi okanye i-grisi engadingekile kwaye ufumane umbala ophezulu (matte okanye obumnyama).

Kutheni kufuneka uhlambuluke ngokucokisekileyo? Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umkhiqizo ogqityiweyo (umzekelo, izixhobo zokwakha izakhiwo zokubumba, ii-plaque) zineendawo ezifanelekileyo. Kwaye le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukudweba okunzulu.

Indlela yokukhetha i-alkali aluminium, ngakwesinye icala, ayibizi kakhulu, kodwa inzima kakhulu.

Iimpawu zale ndlela

Iisombululo ezisetyenzisiweyo ziqulethwe kwi-sodium yesine ukuya kweshumi. Iqondo lokushisa ngexesha lokumisa nge-alkali li malunga ne-40-90 degrees Celsius.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukufumana ingubo ephoqelekileyo yokugubungela emsebenzini, sebenzisa i-moisturizer okanye i-additive ekhethekileyo.

Iqondo lokushisa eliphakathi kwenkqubo liyi-degree degrees. Kuloo xabiso lobushushu obunokuhlanjululwa kobuninzi bomhlaba.

Ubungcwele bo-aluminium bungu-99.5%, kwaye i-concentration ye-sodium hydroxide isisombululo i-10, 15, okanye i-20%.

Ngaloo ndlela, ngexesha lokuphendula, i-aluminium iyahlaliswa kwi-caustic soda, ngelixa i-hydrogen ikhutshwa. Ngenxa yoko, i-aluminate edibeneyo yenziwa, kwaye ikhona kuphela kwisisombululo se-alkali.

Iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo ezenzeka ngexesha lokucoca kunye ne-alkali

Ngethuba le nkqubo, kancane kancane inani le-caustic soda lincinci. Kwaye ngoko ijubane lenkqubo ngokwayo iyancipha, kodwa i-viscosity iyanda.

Kucinga ukuba akukho soda ye-caustic yongezwa kuyo yonke into, impendulo inganciphisa. Kodwa ngenxa yoko, isisombululo esibomvu okanye esicocekileyo se-aluminium etching siba mhlophe.

Kwaye ngeli thuba ijubane lenkqubo landa.

Ngenxa yempendulo, i-alumina i-hydrate iyancipha kwi-precipitate, ekhangeleka njengokumiswa. Kwakhona kukho i-caustic soda, ekwafunekayo ukuba inkqubo yokucima iqhubeke.

Iziphumo zendlela ekuthethwa kuyo

Kuye kwaqaphelwa ukuba isisombululo se-soda ye-caustic kunye nokusetyenziswa okunamandla kwinkqubo yokubamba iqalisa iqala "ukuthatha" i-aluminium. Kwaye kwenzeka oku kude kubekho inani le-caustic soda linciphisa ukuya kweyesine kwimiqulu yokuqala. Kwaye emva koko le nkqubo iya kuqhubeka ne-soda ye-caustic ekhululekile eguqukayo ngokwaneleyo. Kwaye, oku, kuxhomekeke ekushiseni, ukusetyenziswa kwexesha kunye nokuqina kwamagatya (ikhefu).

Kule meko, i-hydrate iyancipha ngokukhawuleza okanye iifom e-crystals ezantsi kunye / okanye kumacala omgcini. I-hydrate ephumela kuyo iya kuba yinyameko, kwaye ukususa akuyi kuba lula. Ngamanye amaxesha uzama nje ukulungelelanisa ngokusemgangathweni kumatshini okufudumala.

Kukhona enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo echaphazela umxholo we-aluminium. Ngexesha lokubethelwa kweemveliso ezivela kule nsimbi kwi-soda caustic, kuyimfuneko ukugcina ngokungqongqo umlinganiselo wexabiso le-aluminium kunye ne-soda. Ngenxa yokuba enye i-aluminium, i-slower process will be. Ukususela kwindlela yokujonga ngayo, kuyacaca ukuba kuyimfuneko ukunyusa rhoqo inani le-soda ye-caustic njengoko inani le-aluminium kwi-container landa.

Ngaloo ndlela, inkqubo ye-aluminium etching nge-alkali inokuqhubeka rhoqo. Ukulahleka kwe-caustic soda kuya kwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokuqhutyelwa kwe-steam.

Le ndlela isebenza ngokusemthethweni kwinqanaba leembono. Kodwa kukho imiba emininzi ongayifuni ukuyilibala: ngezikhathi ezithile, susa i-sedrate eyomeleleyo; Coca u kucoca; Khumbula ukuba amandla apho inkqubo iqhutyelwa ngayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo rhoqo, inokusebenza ngaphandle kweminyaka emibili.

Kwaye kwezinye izinto, akukho ziinkathazo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwale ndlela.

Emva koko, emva kokukhangela imichiza ye-aluminium billet, umgangatho wayo kufuneka uhlanjululwe kakuhle, ungatshatyalaliswa kwaye ucaciswe kunye nesisombululo se-nitric acid se-15-20%. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-pickling.

Indlela yeGalvanic

Indlela yesibini yokwenza i-galvanic. Ilula kwaye ichitha ixesha. Ngenxa yoko, umgangatho ophezulu kakhulu wemveliso ufunyenwe, imida ecacileyo yomdwebo (kwimodi yobugcisa, njengeentlobo ze-galvanic).

Ubungqina beli ndlela kukuba isebenzisa umthombo wamandla kagesi (4-5 V).

Uya kufuneka kwakhona ukuhlamba kwesi sikhulu ukuze ulungele umkhiqizo we-aluminium. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo ekuhlambeleleni kufuneka zibe yidielektri. Ukubunjwa kwebhayisi ye-aluminium etching isisombululo se-sulfate kunye netetyule.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo, umsebenzi wobugcisa kufuneka uhlambuluke kwaye uphinde uhlawule. Emva koko uthungele intambo yobhedu kwimveliso uze uyidibe kwisisombululo se-caustic soda, uze ube nesisombululo se-sulfuric acid. Emva kwemizuzu emi-2, susa uze ususe ngaphantsi komlambo wamanzi ashushu. Akuvumelekile ngeli xesha ukuchukumisa umkhiqizo ngezandla zakho.

Ukuba ezinye iindawo ze-billet azifaneleki, zifakwe kwi-mastic. Emva koko, ungaqalisa inkqubo ngokwayo.

Kule ndlela, ezimbini ezibizwa ngokuba yi-support, ezifuneka zixhumeke kwi-anode (ixabiso elihle) kunye ne-cathode (negative) yomthombo wamandla kagesi. Kubalulekile ukuba ezi zixhaso zifumaneka kwibhedi. I-aluminium yomsebenzi iqhotyoshelwe kwinkxaso kunye ne-anode, kwaye umsebenzi owenziwe ngenye insimbi yesibini.

Konke oku kuncitshiswa ekubhabheni kwaye kubanjwe ixesha elithile. Emva koko, ihlanjwe nge-turpentine kwaye iqhutywe phambili ngokugaya nokuphosa.

U kutyhila

Olu hlobo lwe-galvanic luthandwa kakhulu ngeli xesha. Ngokunceda unokwenza imidwebo yomlobi, ukudweba, ukuprintwa kwezinto zobugcisa, imihlobiso kwiphina isinyithi.

Kwaye umphumo umdwebo ocacileyo, omhle. Ngoko ukutsho, umsebenzi womlobi, ongayishiya okanye uzinikele.

Umfanekiso woqobo ungapapulelwa ngokwawo okanye uprintwe (usebenzisa umshicileli welayishi) ephepheni. Emva koko unamathele itayipi emanzini uze uhlambe iphepha ngamanzi ashushu. Ngenxa yoko, umfanekiso kufuneka uhlale kwi-tape scotch. Yishiye ukuba yome. Okwangoku, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela indawo yesitrato, apho iphethini iya kusetyenziswa - iyanciphisa ngokusela.

Emva koko gcoba i-scotch kunye nephethini ebusweni bomsebenzi, ngelixa uvumela umoya ukuba uphume phantsi kwawo. Isusa i-glue engaphezulu kunye nayo yonke into engeyomfuneko ngaphandle komfanekiso ngokwawo.

Ukubanjwa kwenzelwa ngendlela echazwe ngasentla - i-galvanic.

Ukuqwalasela: ngale nkqubo kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhulule i-gesi ezinobungozi, ngoko ke abantu kufuneka bashiye kwigumbi.

Ngaloo ndlela, i-aluminium etching ekhaya iyafezekisa. Kuphela kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo zokuqapha!