Hypothalamic-yebhinqa system

inkqubo Hypothalamo-yebhinqa ezitshatileyo noshowo yebhinqa morphofunctional (inkqubo ye umhlehlo esezantsi ubuchopho) kunye yobuchopho (ikhadi diencephalon) ebandakanyeka kummiselo kwemisebenzi yawo emzimbeni engundoqo.

Iveliswe kwisebe diencephalon emzimbeni kuba nefuthe ngqo inhibitory okanye emnandi secretion ka emzimbeni umhlehlo esezantsi lobuchopho. Kulo mzekelo kwenkqubo hypothalamo-yebhinqa kwaye nomsebenzi ingxelo. Kubhaliwe eyenzelwe ngolawulo hormone secretion kunye kuyondelelaniswe (ngokunyusa imveliso hormone kwamadlala ezidalwe lifinyele secretion of hormone a diencephalon kwisebe). Hypothalamic-yebhinqa uvavanyo inkqubo ingxelo, kusinceda sihlale rhoqo emzimbeni.

Gipofizotropnye hormone ikhadi diencephalon yahlulwe liberiny (nokubethelela) kunye statin (elekhtrons) of the ezichaphazelekayo kwimveliso iihomoni utshixelo. Isizukulwana icandelo intermediate luyenziwa neuropeptides ingqondo (a uhlobo iimolekyuli protein).

Xa hormone ezininzi hypophysis yobuchopho ekuvuseleleni ukusebenza, njengoko kuthelekiswa prolactin - secretion uphantsi tonic inhibitory kwempembelelo yobuchopho.

Ukuba umonakalo (liphantsi transection) ezisezantsi stem ingqondo nomhlehlo igcinwe secretion of yioxytocin kunye vasopressin axons kwi ukuvelela udibaniso. Ngoko ke, oko akuthethi ukuphuhlisa isifo seswekile insipidus. Ukususwa le ngxenye okanye transection eliphezulu imilenze ivuselele yioxytocin ilahleko yemveliso, vasopressin, nabo bonke kodwa hormone prolactin kwi ingqondo yebhinqa.

Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi inkqubo hypothalamic-yebhinqa.

Physiology luthatha ubudlelwane ukuqonda ngokusebenzisa iimpahla portal apha adenohypophysis. udonga permeability nemithambo eyahlukileyo iiproteni amakhulu. Amaqela cell nuclei ezikhethiweyo akhiwa kule ngxenye. Phakathi kwazo kukho 32 ngababini. Ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ummiselo weyona misebenzi ibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni. Kule ndawo ingqalelo kumaziko aphezulu kokohlukana novelwano kwaye parasympathetic e-nervous system yawo kuwo. Ngoko ke, ulawulo uxinzelelo lwegazi kuliwa, ubushushu, ulale, imveliso ubushushu, ukungabi namdla, kunye nezinye permeability nemithambo.

Hypothalamic-yebhinqa inkqubo kuthetha nje kuphela ekulondolozeni rhoqo kokusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi woMntu. Lukwanika ukuhla hormone enesingqi ngenyanga, yonke imihla, ngamaxesha athile, kunye nezinye.

axis HPA (iasi hypothalamic-yebhinqa-adrenal) liyakwazi ukuba nefuthe inhibitory ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo obhinqileyo lokuzala kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Iveliswe phantsi kweempembelelo CRH (KTRG - corticotropin-ukukhupha hormone) peptides proopiomelanocortin kunamandla ukusebenza inhibitory ekuvelisweni hormone hypothalamic gonadotropin-lokukhululwa. Glucocorticoids zinqanda imveliso LH (luteinizing ihomoni) yebhinqa kunye dlala kunye estrogen kwi zamaqanda, ubuntununtunu esezantsi izicwili ahlukeneyo estradiol.

Ngoko ke, indima ephambili esqwini HPA uzimisele xa uyila amenorrhea ntshikilelo (ukungabikho ixesha exesheni kwiinyanga ngaphezu kwe-6), "hypothalamic". Kunye nale, kukho nefuthe ngqo ububona estrogen gene nomthombo (andulela ukulandelelana nucleotides), nto leyo inoxanduva KTRG amagama kunye nezakhiwo noradrenergic kwi-CNS. Oku kucacisa ubukho hypercortisolism wobulali (ukwanda usebenziso adrenal uthinte), ixhala, kweepesente ezingama, utshintsho kwimo, iingxaki ukutya kunye nezinye iimpawu.