Glycogen. Yintoni na? Makhe sibone ukuba kwenzeke!

Glycogen imbaxa, i carbohydrate oluxandileyo, luqokelelane kwinkqubo glycogenesis glucose tapeworm kunye nokutya. Ukususela imichiza uluvo oko kumiselwa C6H10O5 ifomula yaye imele polysaccharide colloidal ukuba nomxokelelwane kakhulu branched zeentsalela glucose. Kweli nqaku, siza kukuxelela konke malunga glycogen: oko kukuthi, yintoni imisebenzi zabo, apho ngekawusi up. Kwakhona, siya ukuchaza yintoni na ukutenxa kule nkqubo synthesizing.

Glycogen: ntoni na nendlela kuhlanganiswa?

Glycogen ke umzimba kufuneka koovimba iswekile. Xa abantu ukuba kuhlelwe ngolu hlobo. carbohydrate sidla (kubandakanywa starch kunye disaccharides - lactose, maltose kunye sucrose) phantsi intshukumo enzyme (amylase) mazahlulwe zibe iimolekyuli ezincinane. Ngoko, kwi-enzayim emathunjini amancinci ezifana sucrase, maltase kunye amylase pancreatic hydrolyzing kumsi carbohydrate ukuya monosaccharides, kuquka iswekile. Enye inxalenye wokukhulula glucose, faka egazini, ukuya isibindi, kunye nezinye ihanjiswa kulo iiseli ezinye izigqeba. Ngqo kwiiseli, kuquka izihlunu, kukho ukubola kwe-glucose monosaccharide, leyo kuthiwa glycolysis. Xa inkqubo glycolysis, olwenzeka kunye okanye ngaphandle nxaxheba (aerobic kunye anaerobic) ioksijini ukuba kuhlelwe ATP molecule, zona umthombo wamandla kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Kodwa asingabo bonke glucose okungena ukutya emzimbeni womntu, siphele na Yindibanisela ATP. Inxalenye igcinwe ngokohlobo glycogen. Le nkqubo ibandakanya i polymerization of glycogenesis, ngamanye ukongeza ezilandelanayo glucose omnye komnye kunye monomers ngokwakha a branched chain polysaccharide phantsi kwempembelelo enqanda ezithile.

Uphi na glycogen?

glycogen agcinwe afunyenwe ngokohlobo granules ezithile kukho icytoplasm (cytosol) iiseli ezininzi zomzimba. Umxholo Ingakumbi ophezulu glycogen in wesibindi izihlunu zomzimba. Kwaye Muscle glycogen - umthombo imfuyo glucose kuninzi iiseli kwezihlunu (kwimeko umthwalo onzima), nokugcina eqhelekileyo hepatic iswekile yegazi ingqalelo. Njengoko supply ezi carbohydrate entsonkothileyo efumaneka iiseli zemithambo-luvo, intliziyo, aorta, epithelium, izihlunu nokuqina, i inwebu kwiinwebu wesibeleko kunye inyama ezingekazalwa. Ngoko ke, siye wajonga oko ukuthini igama elithi "glycogen". Yintoni na, ngoku icacile. Okulandelayo, makhe sithethe malunga nemisebenzi yazo.

Yintoni umzimba ufuna glycogen?

Xa glycogen umzimba isetyenziswa reserve amandla. Kwiimeko kaxakeka umzimba inokuphela kuyo oswele glucose. Yenzeka njani le nto? Glycogen breakdown kwenzeka phakathi kwezidlo, kodwa ekhawulezayo kakhulu ngexesha umsebenzi esibi. Le nkqubo lwenzeka xa cleavage zeentsalela glucose phantsi kwempembelelo enqanda ezizodwa. Ngenxa yoko, glycogen abole ukuya glucose simahla yaye iswekile-6-phosphate of ATP ngaphandle kweendleko.

Kutheni na ufuna glycogen esibindini?

Kwesibindi yenye amalungu ibalulekileyo angaphakathi komzimba womntu. Iqhuba iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Kufakwe ibonelela amaqondo eswekile yegazi oluqhelekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusebenza kwengqondo. Iindlela eziphambili ngazo ukugcina iswekile ngaphakathi kuluhlu yesiqhelo - ukususela 80 ukuya kwi-120 mg / DL ilandelwa yokubola lipogenesis glycogen gluconeogenesis kunye nenguqu nezinye iswekile ukuba glucose. Ngokuthotywa kwinqanaba eswekile yegazi isebenze phosphorylase uze isibindi glycogen ke isisihla. Ukususela kukho icytoplasm yeseli nyamalala omhlambi wakhe, kwaye glucose engena egazini, unika umzimba amandla kuyimfuneko. Kumanqanaba aphezulu eswekile, umzekelo emva kwesidlo, iiseli zesibindi kuqala nokulungelelanisa ngenkuthalo glycogen kwaye walibeka. Gluconeogenesis yinkqubo synthesizing glucose osesibindini kwezinye izinto, kuquka acid. Kokulawula umsebenzi isibindi kwenza kube ngeliso kuyimfuneko ukuba kwimisebenzi yomzimba eqhelekileyo. Umahluko - into ebalulekileyo ukwanda / ukuncipha kumanqanaba iswekile egazini - ukumela yingozi enkulu kwimpilo yabantu.

Ukophulwa of glycogen yokuqaphela

Ukuphazamiseka umzimba liqela kwezifo zamafa glycogen glycogen. izinto zabo ezahlukeneyo iziphene enzayim abachaphazeleka ngqo kulo ummiselo ukuyilwa glycogen okanye cleavage. Phakathi izifo glycogen kunye glycogenoses ekwanti aglikogenozy. Eyokuqala sisifo ilifa ezinqabileyo odalwe zemali ngokugqithiseleyo polysaccharide eziseleni C6H10O5. Glycogen amagama kunye nobukho kwayo okwalandela kwabantwana okungaphaya kwesibindi, umphunga, zezintso, izihlunu skeletal kunye neziphene kwentliziyo okubangelwa enzyme (umz, iswekile-6-phosphatase) inxaxheba ehlaziywe glycogen. Amaninzi, xa imizimba glycogen waphawula ukutyeshelwa zophuhliso, lengqondo abazizidalwa, chaza kakhulu hypoglycemic, ukuya kutsho ekuqaleni isiqaqa. Ukuze uqinisekise i Uxilongo uze ukhethe uhlobo glycogenosis wenziwe biopsy wesibindi kunye nemisipha, uze uthumele umbandela kubangele ukufunda histochemical. Ngexesha umxholo wakhe iseti glycogen zomzimba, kwaye umsebenzi enzayim igalelo kuyondelelaniswe yayo nokuthotywa.

Ukuba umzimba iindawo ngaphandle glycogen, oko kuthetha ntoni?

Aglikogenozy amele sifo kakhulu ilifa kubangelwa kukungabikho anekhono transcriptase ukuba baphumeze Yindibanisela glycogen (glycogen). Phambi kwesi sifo kwi glycogen isibindi engekho ngokupheleleyo. ezibonisa lwezonyango ze zesifo: iswekile egazini osezantsi kakhulu, apho - ukugula rhoqo hypoglycemic. Imeko izigulane sichazwa njengenkulu kakhulu. Le aglikogenoza Ubukho axilongwe wenza biopsy isibindi.