Hellas yamandulo. Yintoni "sisiqalo kwimpucuko yaseYurophu '?

Yamandulo Greece akukho ngozi ebizwa nelaye lasisiseko senkcubeko yaseYurophu. Eli lizwe elincinane ngokwentelekiso iye yaba nefuthe elikhulu kuphuhliso kwiinkalo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ebomini bomntu. Umzekelo, iintsomi zamandulo zamaGrike ukuba andilahlekwanga ukufaneleka kwayo namhlanje. Njengoko ngaloo mihla, abasakwazi ngokucacileyo ibonisa ihlabathi engaphakathi emntwini, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kunye namandla endalo.

Ntoni i "Hellas"

Elinye igama ngalo amaGrike ekuthiwa kwilizwe lawo - Greece. Yintoni "Hellas", yintoni ixabiso wasinika eli gama? Into yokuba le nto amaGrike ekuthiwa kwilizwe labo. NamaGrike njengoko amaGrike ebizwa ngamaRoma amandulo. Iguqulwe ulwimi lwabo 'isiGrike "lithetha" croaking ". Kuyabonakala ukuba, oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ngamaRoma amandulo akazange ayithande isandi ulwimi yamaGrike. Liguqulwe lithatyathwa kwigama lesiGrike elithi 'Hellas "lithetha" Dawn. "

Cradle lwamaxabiso zenkcubeko European

kwiinkalo ezininzi, ezifana amayeza, ezopolitiko, ubugcisa kunye noncwadi, ababezalelwe kummandla Greece yamandulo. Izazinzulu ziyavuma ukuba senkcubeko yoluntu abukhange bufikelelwe ngaphandle uphuhliso lolwazi mihla kwi nokulahlwa Greece yamandulo. Yaba iingqiqo yokuqala bulumko, noqhuba zonke inzululwazi yangoku kwasekwa endaweni yayo. Kuba apho ibekwe kunye nemilinganiselo yokomoya kwimpucuko yaseYurophu. Iimbaleki of Ancient Greece baba yintshatsheli yokuqala Olimpiki. Iimbono yokuqala malunga ihlabathi - zombini ezibonakalayo kunye nezo zingabonakaliyo - okuphakanyiswe yi-sobulumko yamandulo yamaGrike uAristotle.

Yamandulo Greece - khona yobuciko nesayensi

Ukuba sithatha naliphi na isebe nenzululwazi okanye ubugcisa, oko yenye indlela okanye omnye iza kumiliselwa ulwazi efunyenwe ngexesha ngexesha Greece yamandulo. A igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lolwazi zembali wenziwa zizazinzulu nguHerodotus. imisebenzi yakhe ziye zanikelwa ukuba isifundo yeemfazwe lwamaGrike-Persian. Kwakhona igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso elingokufundiswa kwemathematika bakaPythagoras kunye Archimedes. AmaGrike amandulo wenza inani enkulu izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu kumaphulo yasemkhosini.

Inzala ukuba izazi mihla kwakhona indlela yobomi yamaGrike, leyo ekhaya Hellas. Yintoni isahlala ekuqaleni impucuko, nto kuvezwe kakhulu esichazwe umsebenzi othi "The Iliad." Le oqingqiweyo uncwadi, esindayo namhlanje, uchaza iziganeko zembali ixesha kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla yamaGrike. Lo msebenzi obaluleke kakhulu "Iliad" - le ndlela leyinene ichaza iziganeko.

inkqubela Modern and Hellas. Yintoni i "nelaye lasisiseko senkcubeko yaseYurophu '?

Ixesha yokuqala kuphuhliso impucuko yamandulo yamaGrike kuthiwa ngokusesikweni Dark Age. Owayo phezu kwiminyaka 1050-750 BC. e. Eli lixesha xa yatshatyalaliswa inkcubeko zohlobo - omnye ephucuke kunayo, eziye eyaziwa yokubhala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuchazwa "Dark Age" kunokuba libhekisela nokunqongophala kolwazi malunga eli xesha, kunokuba ukuba iziganeko ezithile. Nangona ukuba umbhalo lowo sele walahleka ngeli xesha uqale ukubonisa iimpawu yezopolitiko nobugcisa, esingaba Hellas yamandulo. Ngeli xesha, ekuqaleni Iron Age kukho sele AMAGQABAZA ▸ izixeko mihla. Greece uye iinkokeli sebeqala ukuba zisebenze kuluntu ezincinane. A Ixesha entsha unyango kunye nokupeyinta ngodongwe.

Ukuqaleka kwayo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo inkcubeko zamandulo zamaGrike ingqalelo epics kaHomer, ziphantsi 776 BC. e. Zabhalwa ngoncedo lwe-alfabhethi, nto leyo kubolekwe amaFenike Hellas. Intsingiselo yegama elithi elo elithetha 'isifingo' kule meko uyagwetyelwa: ekuqaleni yokuphuhliswa kwenkcubeko zamandulo zamaGrike ingqamana ngokuzalwa inkcubeko yaseYurophu.

Nokugqama omkhulu Hellas lifumana era ekuthiwa yamandulo. Ibhekisela kwiminyaka 480-323 BC. e. Yaba ngeli xesha wayephila zobulumko ezifana uSocrates, uPlato noAristotle, Sophocles, Aristophanes. Iba imisebenzi enzima kakhulu oqingqiweyo. Baqala ukubonisa ukuma umzimba womntu awumi ndawonye, kodwa nabanamandla. AmaGrike ngelo xesha wayekuthanda ukwenza imithambo, sebenzisa izithambiso, ukwenza iinwele.

Hellas yoncwadi. Yintoni na intlekele?

ingqalelo ezahlukileyo kufuneka banikwe ukuvela neentlobo leentlungu comedy, nayo leyo ebangela kwixesha lakudala kwimbali yamandulo eGrisi. Intlekele ifikelela incopho yayo BC ngenkulungwane 5. e. Eziba- edume kakhulu eli thuba zizenzo Sophocles, Aeschylus kunye UEuripides. Uhlobo iphuma umsitho lokubeka yayinguDionysus, wadlala izigcawu nobomi bukaThixo apho. Yadlalwa kuqala kule ntlekele yi zolinganiso nje omnye. Ngoko ke, ethabathela khona cinema mihla nalo Ellada. Oku (ukuba siyazi yonke mbali) kungqina into yokuba imvelaphi inkcubeko yaseYurophu kucelwa kummandla Greece yamandulo kufuneka.

Aeschylus iqalise umdlali lesibini yeqonga, ngaloo ndlela esiba umdali kwengxoxo kunye nentshukumo sedrama. E Sophocles, inani elifanayo abadlali sele ifikelele ezintathu. Intlungu liveze impixano womntu nokwenzeka ayinakutshintshwa. Xa ngamandla nje ezazikho kwindalo kunye kuluntu, ophambili bayaqonda ukuthanda woothixo waza wathobela yakhe. KwanamaGrike ukuba njongo iphambili yale ntlekele - a umsindo, okanye zokwenza nyulu, olwenzeka xa umbukeli novelwano amaqhawe zakhe.