Helianthus annuus: Iimpawu kulinywe, inkcazo kunye neendidi

khangela Okumangalisayo endle elihle oojongilanga - izityalo, yangamathangazana ezifanayo ilanga kunye nemifanekiso zabantwana. Lo mmangaliso yegolide-emthubi nje kuphela ukuba ukubonakala kwaso, kuba nalo iluncedo kakhulu.

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ntoni na jongilanga. Lonyaka okanye angehli sisityalo, iimeko apho ekhula, ziziphi iintlobo, iintlobo, uya kufunda ngokuyifunda.

Imbali kwimveliso ye-oyile zikajongilanga yaqala eNgilani ngenkulungwane elinesibhozo emva kwexesha. Ukususela ngoko, iintlobo yabola iintlobo zikajongilanga, okuhlanganisa ukuxhathisa eliphezulu ukuya ezahlukeneyo izinambuzane nezifo.

Overview

Helianthus annuus - oku yeyona ibalulekileyo ehlabathini imbewu ye-oli. Liyaphendula yaye sinombulelo ubuchule izicelo agronomic, kubalulekile kakhulu kwaye otyebileyo. Kungekho nto Heraldry jongilanga yeentyatyambo ufuzisela ukuchuma nokuchuma. Ukongeza, ngokumangalisayo efanayo kwisityalo ilanga kuyo nayiphi na imozulu nakweyiphi isayithi udala umoya eliqaqambileyo kwaye kufudumele.

ISunflower elinywayo kwiindawo phantse yonke wakhawula yezolimo njenge ekrwada ekuveliseni oli yemifuno ezikumgangatho ophezulu eziphathekayo. Yaye lisetyenziswa njengoko yezityalo nectariferous, amayeza kunye zokuhomba.

Kubonakala ukuba akukho esinye engaqhelekanga ngohlobo lwayo - jongilanga tuber. Kucingwa isityalo yemifuno.

incazelo

Helianthus annuus (usapho kanti elithi) - isityalo iingcambu elungileyo, ngokukhawuleza zibe emhlabeni ukuya kwi-140 cm (yaye kwiimeko ezizodwa - yaye ukuya kwiimitha ezili-5) kunye ububanzi ubuninzi -. 120 zezityalo cm Woody ibangelwa phezulu (iindawo efikelela kunye neemitha 4), wayifulela iinwele. Amagqabi amilise okwentliziyo okweqanda mikhulu, kunye amacebiso etsolo.

Yokudubula zikajongilanga - ibhaskiti ezininzi-zidubule (iifom ioli ububanzi of 15-20 cm) kunye idiski khaxa kancinane okanye iflethi. iintyatyambo enkulu emiphethweni - maqanda, yayingcongolo, omthubi--orenji kunye ngokupheleleyo kugubungela isitya medial - ulala, tubular, imilinganiselo kakhulu ezincinane.

Kwaye imbewu ezinkulu abaninzi zavuthwa jongilanga. Yonyaka yezityalo herbaceous has a achenes iziqhamo, kuqulethe engundoqo kunye iqokobhe. imbewu iSunflower ibe umlinganiselo 22-27% yeoli, ngoxa iintlobo best - 46% okanye ngaphezulu. Enye engobozini, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye nokhathalelo indalo zikajongilanga, ukususela 200 ukuya 7000 achenes.

It anazo iimpawu ezigqwesileyo amayeza (astringent, antiphlogistic njalo njalo.), Helianthus annuus. Ifomula imbali: * A (5) T (5) A1.

ISunflower eRussia

ISunflower - isityalo wendlela emathafeni kunye ihlathi emathafeni nemimandla phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko zemozulu. Kuyo yonke Russia oluhlasela i-70% yazo zonke izityalo ehlabathini. Esi sityalo izityalo oilseed eziphambili okhule eRashiya. Ukususela imbewu yayo, ilizwe livelisa oyile ezityiwayo nezamashishini.

Yokutyiwa ukusebenza kwakhona bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa: bagasse isetyenziswe ekulungisweni yexhwayelo izilwanyana basezifama; efunyenwe potash uthuthu evela amadiza nezichumisi; grade emide (3-4 m) esinobunzima enkulu eziluhlaza ulinywe njengesityalo silage.

imbali yenkcubeko

Indawo awazalelwa kuyo sityalo kummandla osemazantsi North America. In Russia Helianthus annuus of kuqaliswa ngenkulungwane ye-18 sele evela eNtshona Yurophu. Ntlandlolo ukuba ezilinyelwa isityalo zokuhomba, kodwa kamva waqalisa ukusebenzisa imbewu kajongilanga njenge izimuncumuncu, ngokunxulumene nokuba nguwuphi, awawuqalayo yakhulela ngakumbi yakhe amasimi nemiyezo.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kulinywa zikajongilanga bufana njengezithole zomnquma nakwizityalo endle unxulunyaniswa igama umlimi-serf Bokarev, ephuhliswe okokuqala ngowe-1835 ioli ivela kuyo.

Ngakumbi kakhulu isivuno kajongilanga yasasazwa ekuqaleni kweli Voronezh kunye Saratov, yaye kamva wabonakala kwezinye iingingqi Russian.

Helianthus annuus: ifomu ubomi

Ifomu zikajongilanga ngonyaka olinywayo zenziwe zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela ama-3:

• gryzovye ukuba achenes amakhulu inucleus encinane, yaye ngenxa yoko ke enesiqulatho oyile asezantsi. Le pericarp le zikajongilanga offline umaleko vehicles, esi sityalo kunjalo kalula umonakalo ezinqunquthayo kajongilanga moth;

• oli na achenes ezincinane maleko vehicles kwi pericarp;

• flaxes elimele Iifom otshintsho phakathi ezikhanywa emaXhoseni gryzovymi.

ERashiya, inzala inkulu neyefektri iintlobo oilseed zikajongilanga.

Ngeentlobo kajongilanga

Helianthus annuus na iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izinto ezityaliweyo ngexesha lethu, ngokuthobela ngokupheleleyo kunye neemfuno imveliso ekhoyo.

Ukwahlula iintlobo ezininzi-nasekuqaleni-komzimba. Kukho iintlobo ezithi ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa ukuhombisa iindawo igadi kunye ipaki. Ngezantsi kukho ngokufutshane thaca ezinye ixhaphakileyo inkcubeko ntlobo kajongilanga.

Ekuqaleni-nokukhulisa kwiintlobo

UJongilanga Neyonga kuyaphawuleka ukuba umxholo wayo ioli eliphezulu. Le ziintsapho emelana neembalela, kungekhona efanele kwizifo umonakalo kwizinambuzane. Ngokugqibeleleyo iphendula iindlela ngokubanzi zokuvuna. Le iintlobo ikhula-195 cm ngobude.

Busuluk iqulethe namafutha 54% in imbewu. grade imbalela kakhulu kwaye isivuno isitali kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu. Kufuneka izichumiso ukutyebisa kunye nokulima esemgangathweni. ukuphakama kwayo ifikelela 168 cm.

Mid-grade

Iintlobo flagship kufuneka izixa ezikhulu zesityalo. Umxholo oyile kuyo - 55%. Lidla wakhula plant, lwathi 206 cm.

Favorit waziwa ngu isiqulatho oyile eliphezulu - 53%. grade ezahlukeneyo ukumelana oyile ukubola hydrolytic, ngokunxulumene ne apho izinto eluhlaza efunyenwe inani acid eliphantsi. Isityalo ikhula 200 cm ngobude.

Master umhlanganisela eliphezulu bemveliso iqulethe 54 achenes% oyile. Okuvuyisayo ukuba ayiphendule kuqaliswe izichumiso ezifanelekileyo.

Zonke ezi ntlobo vysokotolerantny ukuba Phomopsis ukumelana broomrape, inundu kajongilanga kunye angumgubo nangesihumba lobuxoki.

A bit zikajongilanga tuber (eYerusalem artichoke)

Olu hlobo ikhule njengokuba kwaneendiza ezaneleyo, zobugcisa okanye inkcubeko zokuhombisa. Isityalo ikhula kakuhle kwimozulu kumazantsi ngakumbi. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuguga yakhe kwenzeka kuphela kaSeptemba ukuya kuNovemba, kuxhomekeka eyahlukahlukeneyo. izivuno iYerusalem artichoke zezityalo ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-35 amatswele abaqolileyo ngehektare nganye.

Kukho esinye isityalo eveliswe ngokuwela - topinsolnechnik. Amatswele okweqanda enkulu a jongilanga.

Ukulinywa zikajongilanga: Iimeko

Isityalo yafuna emihlabeni, apho ezona kuye chernozem na obambe, osisivunda, izityebi iindidi kwezondlo. imihlaba engafanelekanga sandy. uhlobo amahle jongilanga zezi spring nerhasi, ingqolowa yasebusika, umbona neembotyi. Kwakhona kule ndawo kajongilanga enye kuhlwayelwa ngaphambi kweminyaka 7-9. Akukho mfuneko yokuba iintswazi endaweni kulo nyaka uphelileyo izityalo iingcambu ekhulayo iYerusalem artichoke zengca ingaphelelwayo, ezizezi emva kokuba izityalo zezifo eziqhelekileyo.

UJongilanga iphendula kakuhle ukuba nezichumiso. Izinambuzane kakhulu eyingozi ngezityalo wireworms, beetle-Krawczyk, shiponoska, kajongilanga barbel. Against izinambuzane nezifo (nokubola emhlophe kunye nerusi) basebenzise iindlela ezahlukeneyo: agronomic, iikhemikhali kunye mechanical.

ekulimeni

Njengoko kulinywa Helianthus annuus? Olukhulayo imbewu ngqo endle - indlela engundoqo. It ingatyalwa kwaye pre-walungisa izithole.

Isetyenziswa ngokudala iimbewu ntlobo kokukhululwa kakhulu ukuntshula eliphezulu nokutyala ezinye iimpawu ezintle. Iimbewu ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka lihlelwe, kuba yiloo ubukhulu efanayo kunye namasebe friendly ngokulinganayo, kwaye yandisa imveliso.

Qiniseka ukuba owahlwayela jongilanga emva ubushushu umhlaba kufuneka lwenziwe +10 ... +12 ° C, kungenjalo kuya kubakho ukuncitshiswa isivuno imbewu.

ke ukwazi

Helianthus annuus elinywayo kulo lonke ihlabathi. Kodwa ujongilanga - sisityalo lokwenyaniso Russian ithathelwa ingqalelo amazwe. Yinxalenye yomhlaba ezisemaphandleni ezi ntyatyambo ezimthubi omnyama, ibekwe kwi embindini ka rimbewu.

Kwi-German isihloko park Europa-Park (Germany yesibini ngobukhulu kwaye eYurophu ngokwemigaqo Inani labatyeleli) has indawo Russian, apho ukukhula oojongilanga. Kwaye e Berlin, kwelinye kwiindawo zayo, ihlobo luhlala "Jongilanga maze": ifildi kajongilanga kunye iindlela ezintsonkothileyo. E Austria kukho ipaki kunye oojongilanga kwezi zityalo, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo emaXhoseni.

isiphelo

amasimi enkulu wayaleka kweentyatyambo oojongilanga yegolide, ikhangeleka entle, eqaqambileyo kunye nokuzila nkqu sezulu esibi. Abo banqwenela ukuya ukuhombisa ebaleni zabo kudaleke umoya eqaqambileyo, ezimnandi kunye nokuzila efanayo ungasebenzisa oojongilanga zonyaka zokuhombisa ezintle.

Baye iintyatyambo ngokumangalisayo anoboya emthubi, eseyiphantse imbewu ezingabonakaliyo. Nkqu grade kubo amagama nice soft: Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear. Eneneni, imbali ibhola segolide ecocekileyo, ngakumbi njenge pompom uboya. Ezi oojongilanga, unezibizo jonga kunokuba ezihamba ezililini iintyatyambo kunye liqhuma elide.

Le yimbali cute nabalulamileyo ezinamagqabi eqaqambileyo mthubi elikunika emyezweni ngakumbi ukukhanya, fresh kunye kakhulu amandla elanga.