Norms ubungakanani zesibeleko ultrasound ngethuba lokukhulelwa kokuba luzelwe. ubukhulu eqhelekileyo wesibeleko kunye amaqanda kwi ultrasound ngo abafikisayo kunye nabantu abadala. Imilinganiselo wesibeleko of ultrasound: oluqhelekileyo

Ultrasound okanye ultrasonography yi uphando ngamalungu angaphakathi ngeendlela ngamaza yesandi. Amaza eboniswe emazikweni zangaphakathi, kubhaliwe ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nokudala imifanekiso ungamalungu yokwakheka. Kulo mzekelo, hayi usebenzisa imitha ionizing (X-ray). I eliqhelekileyo ubungakanani wesibeleko kwi-ultrasound ngo abadala bakhonza nje olubonisa impilo kwenkqubo genitourinary kwabasetyhini.

Kuba namankazana, le isifundo amaninzi kusetyenziswa ukuhlola isibeleko kunye amaqanda phambi, emva kokuba yaye ngexesha ukhulelwe ukuba esweni abasemagunyeni ezempilo, uphuhliso umbungu. Ultrasound imifanekiso bayabanjwa okwixesha-lokwenene ukuze bakwazi ukubonisa intshukumo izicwili lwangaphakathi amalungu ezifana igazi ukugeleza yegazi ngemithambo. ngokwe US ubungakanani udidi isibeleko yaye yenzelwe ukuba nawuphi na umqathango umfazi.

Isibeleko, ubukhulu bayo

Isibeleko ise isinqe. Nangona ngokuqhelekileyo isakhiwo ephakathi, ukuphambuka zisecaleni isibeleko asinto ingaqhelekanga. lungu ebanzi isibeleko ukusuka ukwandisa yokuxazulula eludongeni zangasese. Aqulathe tubes kunye nempahla.

ubungakanani Norms ze wesibeleko kwi-ultrasound zimalunga. Normal wesibeleko omdala umntu ubukhulu ukususela 7.0 ukuya 9.0 cm (ubude) ngu cm 4.5 ukuya 6.0 (ububanzi) kwaye ukusuka cm 2.5 ukuya 3.5 (depth). Lo mzobo yokugqibela ukwabizwa ngokuba nenkalo cipande-ngomva.

Ngexesha koku- isibeleko lifinyele ubukhulu, kwaye yome endometrial. Ngophuhliso nezingqinekayo ubungakanani eqhelekileyo wesibeleko kunye amaqanda kwi ultrasound.

ngokutsho US nemigangatho ubungakanani zesibeleko

Xa amaqanda baye involution, kukho ukuhla enxulumene kwimveliso estrogen. Oku kukhokelela yoma ngcembe yaye involution le endometrium. Xa abafazi postmenopausal, akuthethi ubukhulu endometrial iphawulwe njengo 3.2 +/- 0.5 mm.

Uphando idla elivelisa lobudlelwano phakathi ubungakanani wesibeleko kunye nexesha ukususela ukuya exesheni, ubungakanani zesibeleko kunye nomthamo ebegqwese lifinyele. Utshintsho kakhulu iqhekeka kwiminyaka elishumi yokuqala emva ukuya exesheni, uze emva koko ngokuthe ngcembe.

Xa postmenopausal imithetho ubungakanani zesibeleko of ultrasound: 8.0 +/- 1.3 cm, 5.0 +/- 0.8 cm ububanzi, yaye 3.2 +/- 0.6 cm ngokunzulu (anteroposterior ubukhulu).

Ukuba akukho Umjikelo sexesheni, utshintsho kwi igazi zesibeleko kuvame uzimisele. Ukuba isigulana kwi unyango hormone, ubungakanani isibeleko, lo endometrium kunye utshintsho elibujikele zihlale. Nkqu ubungakanani isibeleko kobo karhulumente premenopausal.

Ngokubanzi, unyango estrogen ichaphazela postmenopausal endometrium ezifanayo estrogen kule kumjikelo yesiqhelo. estrogen Conjugated abe ukusebenza proliferative. therapy Progestogen kungakhokelela ekubeni buqala endometrium ukuba asabele ngendlela efana endometrium oluqhelekileyo secretory.

Kwaye xa ukusetyenziswa kudibaniso nge estrogen zithe zadala, progestogens eyenziweyo ngokutsha utshintsho iimpawu morphological kwaye zengqo- kwisigaba secretory somjikelo oluqhelekileyo sexesheni. Utshintsho kunye negazi kuqukuqela isibeleko xa izigulane zifumana unyango hormone. ubukhulu Endometrial landa phantse kabini. Ngokomzekelo, phambi kokuba unyango, nezinyuko engumndilili 0.37 +/- 0.08 cm. Emva amaxabiso unyango zibe 0.68 +/- 0,13 cm.

Xa abafazi ukufunda abafazi postmenopausal nomnye izicelo ibalulekileyo ultrasound uxilongo kunye nonyango lwe somhlaza endometrial. Ezo zifundo kusenza sikwazi ukubona ubungakanani eqhelekileyo wesibeleko kunye amaqanda kwi ultrasound. Kwaye ngokubanzi, ultrasound intravaginal obuphakamileyo amathuba transabdominal ngenxa yomfanekiso le myometrium kunye endometrium.

M-echo. Yintoni na le

Uphononongo kulinganiswa kuphela ubungakanani wesibeleko. Ngokutsho kwe US izinga M-echo - nayo sisalathisi esibalulekileyo. Oku kubonisa uphuhliso endometrium kunye nokuzimisela yayo ukwamkela iqanda. Oku kulinganiswa kwi kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zomjikelo kwaye kwemida ethile.

Endometrium esexesheni ivela njenge obhityileyo elonwabisayo echogenic 1-4 mm ubukhulu, kodwa iyahluka ukusuka mm-4 ukuya 8 kwisigaba proliferative. Isigaba secretory emva ovulation amadlala endometrial enezo kwaye endometrium ivela zinomtya echogenic yohlobo olunye okusuka mm-8 ukuya 15.

yinto yamihla le

Siza kuqhubeka ukuqwalasela kungasisalathisi esibalulekileyo ezifana ubungakanani wesibeleko kwi-ultrasound. Yintoni ireyithi ye-M-echo?

Ebubanzini iqokobhe engaphakathi 5 mm okanye ngaphantsi yinto eqhelekileyo amabhinqa postmenopausal kwaye ngokuthembekileyo akubandakanyi yobubi kwabasetyhini. Nangona kunjalo, lo Ebubanzini endometrium ka-8 mm Ifumaneka abafazi postmenopausal abafumana unyango hormone. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela nezifundo diagnostic amabhinqa postmenopausal kunye ubukhulu endometrial abangaphezu kwama-8 mm, ukuthintela umhlaza endometrial.

abekele umhlaza

Iimpawu Sonographic umhlaza endometrial amabhinqa postmenopausal ziquka:

• kwijelo ezaliswe ulwelo;
• anquma wesizalo komgodi;
• esizalweni landile;
• isifo wesizalo notshintsho kwi pattern echo.

Nkqu US iye ngokuqinisekileyo eboniswe ubukho kunye neqondo lokuhlasela myometrial. Ezi zifundo ziye zabonisa ukuba uxilongo ichanekileyo ipreoperative unako ukuvumela ukukhetha ilungelo unyango kungakhokelela ekubeni iziphumo ezingcono.

Ukuba ubukhulu endometrial 8 mm okanye ngaphantsi xa izigulane ukopha post-ngxaki, uxilongo oluchanekileyo, "umhlaza endometrial" enokwen- sisusa. Ngoko ke, xa ububanzi endometrium amabhinqa postmenopausal ngaphezu kwe-10 mm kwaye kufuneka ibe yoviwo engaphezulu biopsy okanye curettage ukuthintela hyperplasia okanye yobubi. Abanye abaphandi baye babonisa nokusebenziseka Doppler ultrasound ngo lokufunyaniswa umhlaza endometrial. Abaphandi uchaze ukwanda kwemali igazi zesibeleko kwemithambo ithumba okusolwayo kwizigulane kunye sisifo esibulalayo: flow igazi engaqhelekanga sivakala phantse zonke iimeko carcinoma endometrial kunye zesibeleko nee-. Xa umbala Doppler, iziphumo okungaqhelekanga ziquka ubukho iimpahla irregular, ngokungakhethiyo isasazwe ezingcakacileyo, pathologic kunye uphawu isantya sokuqukuqela.

Kutheni ukulinganisa wesibeleko

Wonke umfazi ukhulelwe usemngciphekweni njengokuzalwa wokuzalwa, kodwa ke abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba loo nto ayisoze yenzeke kubo. Xa kufuneka senze oku, cinga ekuthinteleni izifundo ezongezelelweyo. iimviwo ultrasound olufikelelekayo nibe ke, apho ugqirha nokuxilonga abasebenzi njengokuzalwa esisongela.

Izifundo ezininzi zophando zibonise ukuba-izinga ultrasound womlomo wesibeleko kunye kwiiveki malunga-20 ukuya kuma-24 zokukhulelwa - luphawu eyomeleleyo yokuzalwa kwexesha. ubude wesibeleko kungenziwa kakhulu ngokuchanekileyo kulinganiswa ultrasound transvaginal. Ukuba umfazi akakhulelwanga, ubukhulu wesibeleko kwi-ultrasound (oqhelekileyo) imali kwi-4 cm.

Yintoni kunciphisa wesibeleko?

Oku kubonakaliswa ukuba-24 iiveki, umbungu, ubukhulu avareji wesibeleko -. 3.5 cm Ukuba nani lingaphantsi kwe-2.2 cm, abasetyhini bajongene ithuba-20 ekhulwini wokuzalwa kwexesha. Kwaye xa ubude umngcipheko ngaphantsi kwe ezizenzekelayo njengokuzalwa wokuzalwa 1.5 cm okanye 50 ekhulwini. Ubude kulindeleke ukuba yehle njengoko iqhubeka ukukhulelwa.

wesibeleko zobukhulu ultrasonography (normal):

• kwiiveki 16-20 - 4.0-4.5 cm;
• e kwiiveki 24-28 ilingana 3.5-4.0 cm
• e kwiiveki 32-36 - 3.0-3.5 cm.

Oogqirha abaninzi amisele umfazi ultrasound transabdominal ngexesha imalunga 20 iiveki. Ukuba ubude lingaphantsi kwe-4 cm, ukwenza ultrasound transvaginal ukufumana somlinganiselo yechaneke ngaphezulu.

cervix elifutshane phakathi kweeveki ezingama-20 no-24 - uphawu esiyingozi.

ungabona zombini phezulu nasezantsi wesibeleko nge ultrasonography transvaginal. Kulo mzekelo, ikhangeleka ngathi ifanele. Inxalenye ngokubanzi Nefaneli ngowona usondeleyo umzimba wesibeleko, yaye inxalenye kwaza ifumaneka ukuya lobufazi. Xa wesibeleko asisifutshane ngakumbi, ukuba uya kukhangela njenge "V" kwi-ultrasound.

Xa wesibeleko eqhelekileyo ngokumila tube. Ngaphezulu kwama-50 ekhulwini abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kwi ngezifo le organ kwenzeka ukuzalwa kwexesha.

ubukhulu wesizalo e ultrasound

UNorma ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuxhomekeke ngobude yokumitha. inkqubo ixesha ubalo ifakwe ukukhulelwa sonography inomlinganiselo yosana olungekazalwa kunye zesibeleko ubukhulu amalungu ngamnye.

Ukuba usebenzisa uthelekiso kunye neziqhamo, ubungakanani isibeleko kwi ultrasound (sisithethe mm) zezi zilandelayo.

1. Phambi ukukhulelwa, isibeleko imalunga ubungakanani-orenji kwaye kuchazwa.

2. isithuba-12 iiveki zokukhulelwa isibeleko uba ubungakanani grapefruit. Ukuba uthwele amawele, isibeleko siqalisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. 3. kwiiveki 13-26, isibeleko ikhula ubungakanani papaya. Emazantsi isibeleko sikunye ixesha esizalweni ukuya inkaba.

4. Ukususela kwiiveki 18-20 ugqirha balinganise umgama ukusuka kuloo ithambo zikawonke wonke ukuya ezantsi isibeleko. Yeyona ukuphakama bemi esibelekweni. Ubukhulu ngokuqhelekileyo elivumelana kwiveki yokukhulelwa.

Ukuba ubungakanani isibeleko na kokumitha enye, ngoko ke ngumqondiso wokuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle. Ukuba izinga mkhulu kakhulu okanye elincinci kakhulu, oko kuthetha ezinye ingxaki ukukhulelwa. Mhlawumbi kufuneka uvavanyo olungaphezulu. Ugqirha kufuneka ukwazi ubungakanani wesibeleko kwi-ultrasound. UNorma ukukhulelwa lo mzobo kuthetha ukuba yonke into isebenza ngendlela ekumele.

5. Ngethuba leenyanga ezintathu lesithathu, ukukhula isibeleko iphela kwaye iba ubungakanani ivatala. Xa na ithuba lokusiwa, isibeleko ke emazantsi ebuhlanti ubambo, naphambi kokuzalwa kufuneka kuwa ngezantsi isinqe.

puerperium

Zeziphi ubungakanani isibeleko emva ozalayo? ngokwe US norm ingqamana lokukhulelwa. Emva kosuku okanye ezimbini emva kokuzalwa isibeleko yi ubukhulu malunga ne-18 iiveki kukuhla kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezizayo kunye. Ukuba impiliso kuhamba ngokwesicwangciso, kwiveki ezayo iya kuba ubungakanani isibeleko kwiiveki ezili-12 zokukhulelwa, yaye kwiveki lesithandathu, ufanele abuyele kubungakanani bayo yesiqhelo.

zamaqanda

Zamaqanda zidla akhiwe kumacala omabini wesibeleko, nangona kwisaveyi ukumisela iindawo zazo ngasentla okanye emva isibeleko - ivamile. Yamaqanda ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe phambi bifurcation yeempahla kwi cipande kunye ngomva namasebe. Kuba umfanekiso ngempumelelo zamaqanda kufuna ukungena elungileyo. Ngexesha amaqanda menopause ezilandela iinguqu, ebonakala ngokunciphisa ngobukhulu kunye nokungabikho folliculogenesis. Enyanisweni, ukuphawulwa oluthembekileyo isizalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, kunokwenziwa ngokubonisa i cyst ovarian xa follicle singqongwe parenchyma. Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka babhenele ukuskena ecaleni ulungelelwaniso iimpahla iliac lwangaphakathi, ukuze babone indawo yayo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo phendla i lobudlelwano phakathi ubungakanani ovarian kunye nexesha ligqithile ukususela kwixesha exesheni: ubungakanani ovarian ngokuqhubekayo kuyancipha kunye nexesha. Nangona kunjalo, xa izigulane zifumana unyango ihomoni, ungabona Akukho tshintsho umthamo ovarian.

isayizi

I eziqhelekileyo abafazi post-ngxaki Ubukhulu ovarian ka-1.3 +/- 0.5 cm ^3. Njengoko kungekho umjikelo ukuya exesheni sexesheni, ke itshintsha igazi ovarian ngokuqhelekileyo bayibone izifundo postmenopausal eqhelekileyo.

Ezi nguqu Zijika, Noko ke, usenokuba kwacaca, ukuba isigulane kwi therapy hormone. Enyanisweni, indlela premenopausal igazi ovarian amabhinqa postmenopausal kufuneka susumetela ugqirha ukufumana imbali unyango okanye umhlaza utshintsho hormone. Ultrasound kunye doppler kunokuba luncedo mkhulu umahluko kweenkqubo ebubonisayo nesibuhlungu. Ukwenza wesizalo Doppler ultrasound ngokuba waso ziya kwenziwa:

• phakathi kweentsuku 3-10 ukuba sexesheni;
• phakathi kweentsuku 3-10 kwabasetyhini postmenopausal, inkazana leyo ithe kwi hormone therapy replacement;
• nangaliphi na ixesha abafazi postmenopausal ngaphandle unyango.

Ngoko, hayi kuphela ngexa lokukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukwazi ubungakanani wesibeleko kwi-ultrasound. Ummiselo zesi salathisi, kwakunye nobukhulu ovarian - umqondiso ebalulekileyo impilo yamabhinqa naliphi na ixesha.

Ukusetyenziswa abafazi non-abakhulelweyo

Kukho izizathu ezininzi US, kuquka:

• ngezifo izakhiwo zangasese;
• ukopha zangasese Akuchazwa;
• ubuhlungu zangasese;
• eko pregnancy;
• nenzalo;
• cysts availabilty okanye fibroids zesibeleko;
• khangela nokubekwa oluchanekileyo IUD.

ubungakanani Norms ze wesibeleko kwi-ultrasound ixhomekeke endala ngayo umfazi, njengoko waba ukukhulelwa nokuzala, kwenzeka njengoko umsebenzi sexesheni, njl Ngoku cinga umahluko lwezibonisi ngokobudala.

omdala ka isibeleko

Yintoni ubungakanani eqhelekileyo wesibeleko kwi-ultrasound ngo abadala? Malunga 7 kweesentimitha ubude kunye 4 cm ububanzi balo babulingana nesandla, dibanisa okanye thabatha inomfana cm. Ezi ke isledovany data mnoletnih.

La manani - izinga ubungakanani zesibeleko ultrasound abadala. Ngenxa umthetho, kukho ukwanda ubukhulu, umfazi ukuba waba ukuzalwa. Fibroids ungenza ezi imilinganiselo likhulu kakhulu, kunjalo, njengoko adenomyosis.

Amasende Size ngokubanzi phakathi iisentimitha-2 no-3. Kakade ke, umthamo kwandisa xa kukho follicle enkulu okanye cyst.

Amacala ngaphambi eshumini

Ntoni kulo mzekelo ubungakanani wesibeleko kwi ultrasound? KwiSithethe prepubertal (phambi ukufikisa) zimalunga nesi-3.5 cm ubude, yaye umlinganiselo ubukhulu 1 cm. Zovuselelo hormone ukuba yenzeka lokufikisa kukhokelela ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza kunye notshintsho ubukhulu zesibeleko.

Amacala ngemva kokuqala

Ubude eqhelekileyo lweli thuba malunga 7.6 cm, nobubanzi - 4.5 cm eziqhelekileyo avareji ubukhulu -. 3.0 cm.

Ngoko ke, ubukhulu eqhelekileyo wesibeleko kwi-ultrasound ngo abafikisayo kunye nomjikelo oluqhelekileyo sexesheni eyahlukileyo kancinci kuphela ubungakanani isibeleko yomfazi omdala.

Emva ukuya exesheni, wesibeleko, ngokubanzi ukuhla ubukhulu, kunye amaqanda ekugqibeleni kungqineka ungabi ngaphezu kwiintsalela zeethishu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubukhulu eqhelekileyo wesibeleko kunye amaqanda kwi ultrasound kwi ukuya exesheni yehla kakhulu.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke zintoni imiyinge?

Kukholelwa ukuba ubungakanani wesibeleko kwi-ultrasound (sisithethe mm) kwabasetyhini:

• ubude - 70;
• ububanzi - ukusondela 55;
• ubukhulu anteroposterior - 40 mm.

nobukhulu ezinkulu azisoloko kuthathwa ukuba zophendlo lwezifo. Kodwa ke kule meko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba baqhube uphando ukuphelisa fibroids, adenomyosis, ukungaqheleki iziphene, kunye nokukhulelwa.