Glass. Ukulungiselela kunye nokusetyenziswa. Glass lokunyibilika

Njengoko omnye izinto ezindala, iglasi iye yasetyenziswa amawaka eminyaka, hayi nje ngabanye abantu. Ngazibini ngesi izinto wamvumela ukuba zisetyenziswe ezahlukeneyo mveliso. iipropati Physico-eekhemikhali iglasi ibhekisela iikhompawundi ezingaphiliyo, kunzima, abe nokuchaza isakhiwo amorphous yi isotropic.

Ngohlobo ngalunye inkqubo yokuvelisa yeglasi Eboniswe ukuguqula isimo udibaniso lwe flowable, viscous kakhulu ukuba uhlobo yiglasi. technology Production inikeza okupholisa ngayo ngeqondo apho awuvumeli ukuba sihambe ngendlela zinyibilikile kwisigaba crystallization.

lobushushu yokunyibilika Glass ixhomekeke umgangatho walo kunye nokusebenza kulindeleke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukupheka lwenzeka ngaphezu ngeranti ububanzi ukusuka 300 ukuya 2500 ° C lobushushu kuluhlu. Iimpawu weli ixhomekeke amacandelo ezibandakanywe zinyibilikile yeglasi-bokwakha. Olu luhlu ebanzi kakhulu yaye imelwe ezahlukeneyo oxides, phosphate, Imichiza, kunye nezinye nezongezelelo. Kule Classic, elubala yi hayi phawu yokugqibela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iglasi esivulekayo kwendalo kuhlelwe ngexesha kwimveliso.

Ukususela bezandla zeglasi kakhulu, yomhla kwiinkulungwane ezisixhenxe BC, wadibana archeologists inxaxheba kumbiwa eYiputa. Ezi amaso kunye namakhubalo. Kodwa emva kweminyaka eliwaka embalwa, de kufike kwezityalo zokuqala mveliso, iglasi iifektri zenkulungwane elinesibhozo. Uphawu lwemveliso iglasi izityholo kukuba kwindawo ukunyibilika yeglasi elifunyenwe ngokusebenzisa amalahle, nangenxa ukunyibilikisa boilers zentsimbi ivaliwe.

Ngaphambi koko esetyenziswa iinkuni amafutha, zocweyo zeglasi-elide ubusendaweni, ezikweni saa kwaye amafutha siphele kule ndawo ngokukhawuleza. Le boilers zivulekile, umthi akumkhululi izinto ezichaphazela elubala umbala imveliso imveliso. Lobushushu kwinkqubo ukunyibilika kwiglasi uhlobo lafika 1450 ° C.

Umcimbi obalulekileyo kukuyilwa kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni XX imveliso indlela tyaba iglasi, ogama emva umbhekisi yayo Emilya Furko, owoyiswayo indlela eya kumatshini tot. Ivela kude 1959, ukuba ithathelwe yi indlela edadayo, eziveliswe inkampani "Pilkington".

Awona macandelo aphambili iglasi eqhelekileyo i dust esanti umlinganiselo we-69-74%, soda (12-16%), lekalika kunye dolomite (5-12%). Kodwa inkqubo yemveliso ibaluleke kuphela lobushushu apho iglasi inyibilika kodwa zinyibilika rate okupholisa. Isondlo, phezu lungapholi rapid zingafumaneka vitreous kunye nentsimbi, ixesha engundoqo Ukupholisa zinyibilikile ekwakhiweni nomkhenkce ngekroba.

Xa zonke iindidi zeepropati enomtsalane zeglasi aqhelekileyo ngelo xesha kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo ukuba zisebenziseke ngakumbi nezitho nengafihliyo. Okokuqala, kuye yachukumisa ushishino, ngokukodwa ukwakhiwa moya. Plexiglas got igama layo kuphela kwi ufana zangaphandle iglasi yemveli.

ukuqina kwayo impembelelo ukuya izihlandlo ezihlanu ngaphezulu, kulula amaxesha 2.5. Njengoko efika kwinqanaba yokosulela ukukhanya 92%, oko siyakwazi ukumelana eliphezulu ukuya nokuguga. lula kakhulu kwaye zibe nokufumaneka plexiglass kwi processing. Lokunyibilika plexiglass phakathi degrees 90-105, nto leyo evumela ukuba ubushushu ngayo.

Kodwa zombini ezi zinto ziye zonke niche emsebenzini namhlanje. iglasi Traditional ezingaphiliyo usibambe indawo yayo kwaye akayi ukuthatha yakutshanje neeplastikhi organic.

Ukusebenzisa spectrum ezibanzi ukungcola ezahlukeneyo kunye nezongezelelo ibonelela Akumangalisi kuphela iimpawu woqondo le iglasi, kodwa kakhulu ngcono iimpawu zayo mechanical.

Ukongeza kwizicelo mveliso, akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele indima yeglasi art. glassmakers Mfundisi, iqhubheka isithethe artists yamandulo yobuciko eyenziwe iglasi ibe uqinisile. Kwiindibano zabo emlilweni ubushushu iglasi yokunyibilika sifikelelwayo, esebenza phantse isandla umsebenzi wakhe nje kuphela ukuba zibonisa ekuyileni emangalisayo, kodwa bachitha eninzi umgudu emzimbeni.