Georg Trakl: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Georg Trakl - Imbongi enkulu Austria, umsebenzi wakhe wayexatyiswa kuphela emva kokufa kwakhe. isiphelo yakhe ebuhlungu, kodwa ubomi wachacha eneminyaka eyi-27. Kunjalo, ilifa lwesihobe okuncinane kuye zaba nempembelelo kakhulu kuphuhliso loncwadi Austria kunye nodumo Kubala zombhali.

Imvelaphi kunye nabantwana

Ngoko ke, ngubani na yena - Georg Trakl? Biography ithi ukuba wazalwa iqhawe ibali lethu Februwari 3, 1887 e Salzburg. Usapho wayenabantwana ezininzi, kodwa abazizityebi, uyise wakhe umsebenzi - Kivenkile shop. Unina zombhali uMariya wazala umyeni wakhe nabantwana abaninzi, phakathi UGeorge yesihlanu. Nangona inzala abaninzi kangaka, ixesha elininzi yabo nomama ngenxa kwakudala kunye iiklasi umculo, bangabi luxanduva ngokufundisa abaselula. Abantwana benza a umphathi French Marie. Little George wahlaselwa lukhulu sengqondo lo mama ukuba kamva ibonakala kwizibongo nemibongo yakhe.

Kodwa umfanekiso kuphela sikanina sihleli engqondweni yomntwana. Ndihlala naye ngonaphakade Marie, okwakubonakala isidalwa sublime ukusuka kwelinye ixesha. Umphathi waba umKatolika ozinikeleyo ababefuna ukuguqula ukuba abafundi ukholo lwabo. Ukongeza, nabafazi bafunda ulwimi lwabo isiFrentshi kwaye bayazazi iincwadi ilizwe lakhe. Yaba akhuliswe negalelo elikhulu ukuvela waseGeorge yimbongi. Nangona ingqumbo abe ukuba ezinye nonina, malunga umbhali yakhe lwabantwana wathi njalo luthando, ngokuthi ixesha yonwabileyo ebomini bakhe.

ekufundeni

Kwiminyaka 5, Georg Trakl ungena kwisikolo sabaqalayo kwi Ootitshala College, yaye ngowe-10 watshintshelwa Izabelo. Kodwa uphononongo wanikwa George ixesha nzima, wada wahlala kunyaka wesibini, kwaye kwibanga 7 kwiimviwo zokugqibela ayiphumelelanga kwizifundo ezithathu: kwimathematika, Latin nangesiRoma. Wada wayengazi negrama yolwimi lwabo lweenkobe. Into embi gqitha George, akaba nako ukudibanisa amagama amabini. Le nkwenkwe nzima kakhulu esikolweni, imiyalelo Austrian sakhathazwa bakhe nokuzixabisa. Afunda wamkhumbula eseyinkwenkwana, obegalelwe ubuso bekusoloko "cwaka, usineke neenkani."

Ukusilela kuphononongo ziye zakhokelela ekubeni ngo-1905, George wayeka esikolweni waya abafundi ayinikiwe.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Georg Trakl ekuseni kakhulu waziva uthando lwakhe imibongo. Emva kule minyaka yokufunda esikolweni samabanga aphakamileyo, waya isangqa yoncwadi, leyo wayizalela igama "Apollo". Ngeli xesha, umbhali mfana waba nomdla drama. Ngowe-1906, ababini edlalwa bakhe ndibano theatre wesixeko Salzburg - "Fata Morgana" yaye "Usuku Wesikhumbuzo". Noko ke, omabini imidlalo baba leempumelelo, abaphulaphuli babo abazange baqonde. Kuba George kwaba yintlungu ngokwenene. Kusini wabatshabalalisa ntlekele itekisi, ukugqiba nje.

Kodwa oku akuzange ayeke lo mfana. emva konyaka omnye, kuhlelo wesixeko le "Salzburg iphephandaba lesizwe" epapashwe umbongo wakhe wokuqala, "Morning Song".

Noko ke, impumelelo boncwadi ukuba ngandlel labasibekela kukuba elinesibhozo Georg ngamakhoboka morphine, veronal enetyala. mkhuba iye yabangela iingxaki ezinkulu kunye intsebenziswano kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye nabantu. Ubunyaniso kuba mbongi zingenakunyamezeleka, ihlabathi ubuhlobo babantu kwabonakala ezintsonkothileyo nokubi. Oku kwabangela ukuba angene ehlabathini fantasy kunye namaphupha. Nakuba lo mkhuba, George wabiza umntu kakhulu zonqulo. Kwisihobe sakhe, unako ukufumana okuninzi imifanekiso zamaKristu, umxholo kunye nemixholo.

Edge of Love - Ingabe?

Georg Trakl kunye nodade wayo baba kubudlelwane obusondeleyo kakhulu ezaye zakhokelela amarhe ezininzi neembono. Kodwa ngaba kukho nayiphi na inyaniso kubo?

Ngowe-1908, imbongi uya University of Vienna kwisebe amayeza, kodwa ngeli xesha yena wanikela ngokupheleleyo ukuba kwimibongo ayikwazanga ngenkathalo aphathe isifundo. Ngokuba kuye, lemfundo elinye ithuba lokuba ubalekele iqiniso.

Isizathu sokuba oku nje ekungakwazini ukwakha ubuhlobo kunye nabanye, kodwa amanakani salelweyo. Ukususela ebuntwaneni George, wayethandana nodadewabo omncinci uMargaret. Le uthando ke ingqalelo sinesono yaye kuthiwa isiqalekiso yakhe. Noko ke, uthando intombazana iye yaba amava enkulu ebomini wembongi, nto leyo yenza isiseko umsebenzi wakhe.

Kukho nokucingela ezahlukeneyo ngolwalamano lwabo, de neentlobano zesini. Kodwa akukho namnye oku ozinzisiweyo, kwaye usebenza kuphela elingeyonyani. Oku kungqinwe kukuba umhlobo osenyongweni eGeorge ngo-1912 yaba wathandana isaqhwithi kunye uMargaret.

Mzalwana nodade elidityaniswe kuphela nomini. Baba ifana kakhulu nomlinganiswa kunye nesimo sengqondo. UMargaret waba ngumgwebi yokuqala mibongo zokuqala wembongi. Georg wayethembele onke amaphupha akhe iimfihlelo. Omnye udade wayesoloko ekulungele ukuxhasa, nimkhuthaze, xa uluntu bazitshitshisela lo mfana. Ngenxa yoko, zonke izibhengezo uthando abakhona kule mihobe zombhali. Ngokuba kuye, lo dade ngumntu kuphela okwaziyo ukuqonda naye.

Ukuphila kwihlabathi yemibongo

Poetry waba ithuba kuphela avule intliziyo yakhe aze athethe phandle. bona kuphela ngokwabo Georg Trakl. kwabonakala Imibongo omnye emva komnye. Noko ke, ukuba ukupapasha kubo kwakunzima gqitha. Xa ubomi zombhali beza ukuqokelelwa encinane imisebenzi yakhe.

Ngaphandle ukuntywiliselwa ehlabathini kwimibongo, wakwazi kugqiba yunivesithi kunye isidanga yenkosi. Emva koko, George wabuyela yakowabo Salzburg wakhe. Kuba ngoxa wayesebenza ekhemesti. Nangona kunjalo, lo bomi bamzisa ethile intlungu, njengoko waba kakhulu nepoetichna engafundisi njengabo ihlabathi amaphupha. Ngoko nemibongo yakhe wachaza eli xesha: "... yintoni umbhodamo hellish zesingqisho kunye nemifanekiso."

Ngelo inkonzo, wayedla wahlala intloko yakhe ngezandla zakhe, ukungayiqapheli nantoni okuqhubekayo kufutshane nayo. Yena shi ngokupheleleyo iingcamango zakhe. Umnini ekhemesti, indoda elungileyo, natured kakhulu ngubani siyekele ikhaya inkwenkwe ekuqaleni.

Ngaphandle indlela yenkxaso

Ezimbini umbhali inkanuko ukwandisa - iziyobisi kunye nemibongo - ziye zangamaqabane ezimbi ubomi benene. Nam Trakl umsebenzi omnye akwazi ukubamba ngenxa elide, kwaye imali awayifumana ngokupapasha imibongo kwiphephandaba, akwanelanga nto. Le mbongi Neustroev, inkonzo kwi ekhemesti, uze esibhedlele andinakuze ndilitshintshe eli meko. umsebenzi wokubhala kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba imali.

Georg Trakl wada wafuna ukuya Borneo ukuba asebenze ekhemesti apho, kodwa koloni kunikwe kwakhona kwi eNetherlands, yena wakhanyela. Oku kwakwenza ukuba ithemba lakhe lokugqibela ukuba ngandlel 'kweli hlabathi.

Le search ngokwayo

Ngexesha le minyaka, UGeorge uhlala kuphela imali ungamniki umhlobo, ngaye yena wabhala kangaka kwimibongo yakhe. Umbhali uzama ukufumana indawo kunye zamaSilamsi lonke elaseYurophu, yena utyelela mühlau, Innsbruck, Venice, Salzburg, eVienna. Kodwa kuyo yonke loo nto ulindele ukuba umsebenzi imisebenzi iwotshi, apho wayesoloko zikotshwe, ubomi ulusizana, newayini, abasetyhini kunye nokuthengisa iziyobisi. Konke oku angcatshwa ngomdla engakholelekiyo nangomdla Georg Trakl. Zalisa ingqokelela yemibongo naye inkcazo epheleleyo yobomi imbongi, njengoko konke oku kubonakala kwimibongo yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha ubomi umbhali kwaye umiselwe ukubona zokushicilela.

Trakl yindlela loose yobomi. uphawu utshintsho Eqhelekileyo ngesiquphe imo nabalinganiswa. Akwazi neencwadi ezinenkcukacha emnandi, noxhamla ubuncwane kwaye kungaba isiqalekiso ndlongondlongo kunye abalawuleki. Ngeli xesha, imbongi wenza kude yi ubuchule ka Dostoevsky. Ivela imisebenzi ezakudala Russian kuza kwimibongo yakhe igama "uSonja".

Le minyaka yokugqibela kunye nokufa

Elifumileyo rungs asezantsi leri zentlalo, ngonaphakade badinga imali, Trakl ayesenako ukwenza uthando kwihlabathi ya wena. Ngoko ke, ngo-1912, wayedibana abapapashi phephancwadi Brenner, abahlalutyi zoncwadi O. Kokoschka, kunye uKarl Kraus, kwakunye nomkroli ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwaye ngumzobi. Noko ke, kwezi ntambo hayi ngamandla ngenxa imeko engqondweni imbongi nokuziphatha kwakhe ezililize.

Ngowe-1913 kwafika kuphela ingqokelela epapashwe ngexesha lokudla Trakl, leyo kuthiwa "Imihobe".

Ngowe-1914, imbongi efumana inkxaso-mali yokufunda ukuze ababhali abasweleyo. Kodwa ke imbongi akazange abe nexesha ukulisebenzisa - yaqala imfazwe. Trakl nje yena lwakhawuleza awathunyelwa emkhosini. Lowo wathunyelwa ngaphambili nje wemithi esibhedlele. Phakathi amadabi umbhali uyaqhubeka ndisele yaye uthathe iziyobisi.

Kodwa xa umlo onzima kunye oogqirha babengenayo Trakl kwafuneka ukuba athathe phezu unyango. Ekubeni kungekho imfundo kunye namava, ayesebenza phezu amajoni longxwelerhiweyo. Umvambo zokulwa ngaba yena abe ukudakumba wazama ukuzibulala. ixesha wakhe kodwa wayeka kwaye kuthunyelwa kwisibhedlele Krakow luhlolo kwengqondo. Apha waqala ke agqiba, aphela Novemba 3, 1914. Isiqinisekiso sokufa kwikholam "Isizathu", kwathiwa: "Ukuzibulala ngenxa ukunxila yi cocaine."

Georg Trakl, "Sebastian ephupheni"

Le ingqokelela yemibongo wembongi yaba owesibini. Ngelishwa, uhlelo kwakhe George akazange alinde, njengoko yapapashwa ngowe-1915, unyaka emva kokufa yombhali.

Imbongi ngokobuqu inxaxheba kumalungiselelo ukuqokelelwa, kwimibongo ekhethiweyo, ngoko ufunde kwakhona ubungqina-ezinxulumeneyo. Ukuqokelelwa igama elifanayo ingafunyanwa ezishelfini of izithengisayo namhlanje, kodwa nokuqulethileyo kuya kuba ezahlukeneyo kancinane. "USebastian ephupheni 'kaninzi iba ingqokelela epheleleyo yemisebenzi imbongi yakhe.

Georg Trakl. Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa umbongo "Winter Night"

Cinga omnye imibongo ze-software yombhali.

Umsebenzi ichaza umfanekiso aziqhelileyo imbongi xa, ayiseleki, amagqabi ephithizelayo nengxolo, ndisiya ekhaya ebusuku. George uchaza mizwa banamava ngelo xesha: "iinyawo zakho xa uhamba umsesane ... smile ezele lusizi ... Petrified ebusweni bakho ... ibunzi luthuthu ukusuka abandayo." mood ombambazelayo belusizi, yonke into kwakugcwele yintlekele, imvelo yesi embi "Stars nibuthelana uphawu elungileyo." Ebusuku ke ukuba izinto ziya kuhamba kakuhle, kodwa imini usindiso. ukuhlasela kuchazwa kwazo, saniqononondisa: "Isilivere usebenza imini pink". Ukufika kokusa, sikhatshwe yokukhalisa "namankenteza bamandulo." Ilanga banishes ebumnyameni ebusuku kunye namaphupha amabi wembongi.

nani kabuhlungu umi Georg Trakl. imibongo yombhali kububungqina nto. beqhawe lyrical egxile kwihlabathi elimnyama ezaliswe izithunzi, bika kunye namaphupha amabi. Kuphela ukukhanya na, undikhuphe kule meko. Kodwa ke ubusuku elandelayo yonke kwakhona.

Le film nomculo

Inkcubeko pop wathabatha indawo yokugqibela Georg Trakl. Le filimu malunga yomntu imfihlo yakhe kunye nodade wayo wadutyulwa ngo-2011, lo Christoph Stark. Womzobo ngokuba 'ndlela aluvumelekanga. Soul akanayo indawo eMhlabeni. " Kwibali eninzi lwamabali liyavumelana, njengoko ngokulula ibonwa, xa sicinga ukuba kude kube ngoku akukho biographers zombhali akazange ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngenene ukuthi lithandana kunye nodadewabo. Lo mfanekiso asibhidlanga, iimvavanyo ababukeli nabagxeki baba avareji.

ababhali Okuninzi ethandwayo zeemvumi zokudala. Ngoko ke, uDavide Tukhmanov waqamba iingoma ezisekelwe kwimibongo Georga Traklya. Umjikelo Umqambi ebizwa "Night oyiNgcwele, okanye uNyana Sebastian."

Ukongeza, i-1992 icwecwe le German rock ngalinye band KWAKWELI wayezinikele ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi zombhali. Kwaye ngo-1978, uKlaus Schulze, umqambi, Berlin School, waqamba umzobo zomculo ekuthiwa Georg Trakl.