Gusevodstve ekhaya

UDC 636.598

gusevodstve ekhaya

Goose - iinkuku enkulu enemveliso, abadala lokulinganisa 7-8 kg, rhanisi ibeka ukusuka 15 ukuya amaqanda-60 okanye ngaphezulu zalishumi 150-220 g ukusuka abadala enye ukuya kg ezintandathu inyama, 500 grams amafutha ezixabisekileyo, aza kusetyenziswa amayeza kunye yezemithi, kunye cholesterol asezantsi kakhulu, kwaye ngokuzityebisa ezikhethekileyo - delicatessen isibindi ukukhathaza ukuya ku-700 g .. the amadada - iintlobo zeentaka kuphela, ungafumana kuyo ngexesha lokudla ekumgangatho ophezulu phantsi, iintsiba, ezo chicken ihlala kabini nje elungileyo. Washington young amarhanisi lukhawuleza lukhule ubomi ubunzima kwiinyanga zokuqala ezimbini kulinywe banda izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-40. Goose asebenzisa ngokugqibeleleyo emadlelweni, yaye kungekho nawuphi na intaka ibeluncedo eluhlaza. yemveliso High, elula ngokwemigaqo umxholo, ukukwazi ukuba zidle isintlakantlakiso kunye inqanaba eliphezulu ifayibha - iimpawu ezixabisekileyo abo baye bagqiba ekubeni lokwanda intaka.

iimpawu zendalo nezoqoqosho

Goose ezithile iimpawu zebhayoloji kunye nezoqoqosho ukwahlula kwezinye iintlobo zeenkukhu:

• · Amandla ukusebenzisa utyani udle isixa esikhulu feed green weSucculent ezinomthamo ophezulu ifayibha;
• · Ukukwazi ixesha elide, wagwetyelwa ngokwezoqoqosho ukusebenzisa (iminyaka engaphezu kwama-3), lo gama ubomi kweminyaka engama-20-25. Eyona ekhethekileyo evela kwezinye iintlobo zeenkukhu liyenyuka imveliso iqanda kunyaka wesibini nowesithathu xa kuthelekiswa ne yokuqala;
• · Goose Young kwiinyanga zokuqala ezimbini zobomi abe amandla lokukhula eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ngenyanga yokuqala yamandla lokukhula 200, elinesibini - 96, eyesithathu - 17%. Olu phawu isetyenziswa gusevodstve eziphilayo unamandla apho iinkuku zenyama gusjat aziintanga inyama ukuya kwiiveki-9 ubudala;
• · Goose Iintsiba kunye phantsi luthambe ezahlukeneyo kunye namandla, nokufunxwa kwamanzi phantsi kunye conductivity thermal, wabenza ekuveliseni iintsiba-phantsi ekrwada ezixabisekileyo izinto;
• · Ngenxa ngeentsiba exineneyo irhanisi bangamelana drop eyeyomzuzwana kobushushu ku thabatha 25-30 ° C. Ukunyusa iqondo lobushushu ngasentla 32-34 ° C kunye ebangela ukutswina amadada kunye Ukonakala zikwimeko jikelele, ngoko ke ixesha zasehlotyeni ezishushu kufuneka siqulathe ezishedini okanye okugcina amanzi.

Bobubi yamarhanisi ziquka:

• · Fecundity kakhulu eliphantsi kunye nemveliso iqanda, umlinganiselo sex emxinwa (1: 3). Ukuba pair iinkuku zenyama uyakwazi ukufumana 125-150 amantshontsho ukusuka iperi iikalakuni - 50-60 iikalakuni, ngoko ngu pair yamarhanisi - hayi ngaphezulu kwe 30-40 amarhanisi;
• · Ipesenti ephezulu kwamafutha isidumbu, abaneminyaka iinyanga ezintathu nangaphezulu nokuqulethileyo ifikelela 25-30% ngenxa amanqatha ongama yaye ukuya kwi-10% ngenxa zangaphakathi;
• · Ekuvuthweni emva kwexesha ngokwesondo (iintsuku 240-310). Ukukhanya goose uhlobo baqalisa ukuba iye phandle, utshixe phambi enzima;
• · Wayevuma Olomeleziweyo ngenxa ekufukameni (ukukhuhla ukususela-30 ukuya kuma-60% izilwanyana);
• · Amaqanda wabeka ngaphandle kwindlwane (40%).

Uhlobo kunye uhlobo amaqela yamarhanisi

enzima (inyama kunye kutyetyiswa), eliphakathi (zokuhombisa) kunye nokukhanya (iqanda): Kukho amaqela amathathu Amawa. Eyokuqala ibandakanya zonke iintlobo mihla ezinkulu - Kholmogorskaya, emdenskuyu, Toulouse, Landes, grey enkulu. Inyama yamarhanisi lweentlobo iqulathe isixa esikhulu kwamafutha. Ukusuka nayo aphezu isibindi ubunzima 600-800, iqela lesibini kuquka tape okanye amadada Sebastopol olugobileyo. Abameli iqela lesithathu ke Chinese, Kuban, Adler, Italian.

uhlobo Kholmogory yakhulela kwimimandla ye-Central Black Earth zone. Yeyona hlobo endala domestic yamarhanisi nangemiqondiso elungileyo kwezoqoqosho-luncedo. Le nyoni-siseko nkqi, aqine, acclimated kakuhle. Ongumntwana kunye intaka abadala babe nempumelelo kakhulu. Nge ngokuzityebisa olunzulu kwiintsuku 60 yamarhanisi ubudala ukufikelela ubunzima malunga ne-4 kg yokutya ngeendleko ka-3 kg 1 kg ukukhula nganye. Kholmogory goose uhlobo yakhulela kuyo kwinxalenye eyintloko yelizwe.

rock gray enkulu yenziwa ewela amadada Romny ukusuka Toulouse kummandla Tambov. Ukhetho lwaqhutywa bejonge ubunzima bomzimba kunye nemveliso iqanda okwandayo. Esifubeni yamarhanisi ezinzulu ububanzi. Umfanekiso eqatha. Nokusebenza yeentaka abatsha nabadala kulungile. goose Mass leentsuku 60 yobudala 3.5-4.0 kg. Washington zikhule namarhanisi, ukungafuni umgangatho wamanzi, kwakunye kudla, nidle amadada ezingwevu okuziinkozo-padalitsu.Krupnyh kusetyenziswa iintlobo zooyise xa wawela kunye Pereyaslavskaya Kuban, iRhine kunye gusjat zaseTshayina ngenxa broiler efukamela.

Kuban uhlobo isuselwe abasebenzi kwisebe zeenkukhu Kuban State University Agrarian. Bird le hlobo kufuneka ukuba bhetyebhetye ezilungileyo iimeko zokusingqongileyo kummandla Krasnodar nokhuseleko eliphezulu ekhulayo abatsha (95-97%) kunye nomxholo yabantu abadala. Ubunzima gusjat iinyanga ezi-2 ubudala 3.5-3.7 kg. Kubanskie goose asebenzisa kakuhle amadlelo kwaye kwamaqanda eliphezulu (iziqwenga ukuya ku 95-100) anobunzima 150 g

Xa gusevodstve kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe kweenkomo ukuze ukuveza hybrid. Njengoko elenzelwa ukusebenzisa umzali rock Kuban, IsiTshayina, kunye Italian iRhine amadada ukuba ukuchuma ephakamileyo, kwakunye zooyise - landshskih enkulu ingwevu, Lind yamarhanisi Toulouse, ukuba izinga lokukhula eliphezulu.

isiqulatho

Igumbi kumarhanisi kufuneka zicoceke, eyomileyo, umoya kakuhle, ezingenadrafti. Imizobo kunye ngamathontsi ukunciphisa imveliso zeenkukhu. Zigqunyiwe umgangatho kwaye iphakanyiswe ngaphezu komhlaba, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungadlulanga owe-15-20 cm. Kufuneka ibe manzi nokuthintela iimpuku ezindongeni igumbi ityatyekwe kwaye zanyangwa nge-20 ekhulwini lime. , Ukukhanya kwinqanaba Umgangatho kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-15 spiderman. Windows ezenziwe kwi ukuphakama-50 cm ukusuka emgangathweni kufuneka axhotyiswe indlu iinkukhu kunye zokufudumeza kunye umoya, nokubonelela kungenzeka okuhlamba ukungcola, kungcono mesh ulwahlulo kumacandelo. Igumbi ukuphakama sicatshulwa kufuneka ubuncinane 2 m ukusuka eludongeni -. Ingabi ngaphantsi kwe 1.7 m Lazy ukuba intaka kunye window kunye ekwicala elingasemazantsi okanye womzantsi-mpuma sakhiwo. Uphahla kufuneka ukukhusela intaka emvuleni.

Engamkelekanga phezu-uxinano yeentaka kweli gumbi saphule zimdaka, microclimate ezaphukileyo ukuphinda omkhulu microflora kukhokelela isehlo awongezelelekileyo yamarhanisi. Kwiindawo ezisemantla kunye central izibonelelo yelizwe kumarhanisi ekwakheni sengathi ngasezantsi, ukuya ilanga ngaphezu zikhanya kwelo gumbi, kwaye kummandla emazantsi, apho kukho agqithisile radiation solar, - ngasezantsi-ntshona okanye engasezantsi, nakwintshonalanga engasentla.

A nefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo namarhanisi kakuhle ukuba iguqulela inkunkuma, imeko leyo ixhomekeke lobushushu nokufuma. Njengoko le nkunkuma kusetyenziswa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo: esisesweni, pine, iindiza, sphagnum umgquba, irhasi izikhwebu, kajongilanga ese exolweni okanye amazimba. Zokulala kufuneka owomileyo, ecocekileyo, hygroscopic, ukhululekile ngumngundo. Inkunkuma evela nezityalo, ukongeza ucoceko yayo, kufudumeze emgangathweni. Ekwindla nasebusika, sebenzisa zokulala efudumeleyo - iindiza, nja-; e nehlobo - ngesanti kwimbuphu yesarha. Washington abadala ngalinye kufuneka ngonyaka ukulungiselela 40 kg ngezinto inkunkuma.

Umxholo olungafanelekanga goose nkunkuma crude - kule Iintsiba mzekelo, zimdaka, singcolile, yaye uba embi igcina ubushushu. Ngokuphathelele oku kuguga ukusetyenziswa imveliso ye ifidi ukunganyangeki umzimba, nto leyo ekhokelela njengomkhuhlane lincitshiswe. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba uboya ehlambulukileyo ngamarhanisi esikhusela emzimbeni. Xa kuqala ngengqele, ngaphambi inkunkuma nzulu, kungakuhle kutshizwe kumgangatho owomileyo islaked okanye ikalika hydrated ngomlinganiselo 0.5-1 kg nganye 1 macala onke. m square. Uze uwubeke emandlalweni chips ezincinane, nakhandiweyo umbona izikhwebu, kwimbuphu yesarha, zinqunqwe iindiza ubukhulu esingekho ngaphantsi kwe-5 kwaye hayi ngaphezulu kwe-15 cm. Lo mxhesho ebekwe phezulu, ukunkcenkceshela kunye neziseko. utshintsho inkunkuma Deep xa utshintsha ngamarhanisi iqela okanye ixesha (ukuwa okanye yasentwasahlobo).

amaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuzala, unako kakhulu ukunciphisa iqanda ngokubekwa amarhanisi, iqondo lobushushu kufuneka awe ngezantsi -4-5 ° C. Amaqondo obushushu asezantsi kungabangela hatchability yehla yamaqanda ngenxa yovalo.

Ukuze washington ukuze athwale iqanda kwisithuba kwelo gumbi, ingekapheli inyanga enye phambi kokuqala yabakholwayo, ebekwe ecaleni kwisokethi eludongeni ngomlinganiselo sinye kumarhanisi 2-3. Ngenxa yokuswela kwabo amarhanisi ingaqhuba kwiindawo esitheleyo. Neziseko sebenzisa inkunkuma efanayo, njengoko ku Gusyatnikov. Ekubeni goose ngokukhawuleza kusasa, ukuze kuthintelwe ungcoliseko kwamaqanda, inkunkuma kwi indlwane kufuneka spiked ngokuhlwa. Ayikhuthazwa ukubeka indlwane ezindongeni ezibandayo kunye iindawo ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo ngqo. Ubukhulu engaphakathi iindlwane zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo :. Ububanzi - 0.4-0.5 m, ubude 0.65 m, ukuphakama - 0.6-0.65 m, nut ukuphakama - 0,01 m iindlwane eyenziwe ngomthi, ngamaplanga, okanye ezinye izixhobo kubekwe ukuba ziyafikeleleka yesondlo.

Ngogesi kumarhanisi ukwenjenjalo ukunqanda ilahleko enkulu feed. Kufuneka ukukhanya, ukhululekile. Ukuba zingenziwa ngamaplanga, ngamaplanga okanye ezinye izinto. Ngogesi kufuneka liselinintsi uzokuthintela iphithizelayo ngexesha lusidla yamarhanisi. Ongeziweyo ezinto ezisetyenziswayo zeBRT kunye namacandelo ezininzi: igrabile, lekalika, amaqokobhe. Ngogesi hung nomphakamo-20 cm ukusuka emgangathweni. Lokondla ubunzima eluhlaza yenziwe uhlobo abasafunda ukuhamba kumkhombe. Zonke izixhobo kufuneka abe uhlambulukile.

Phantsi abaselayo goose abadala basebenzisa imikhombe, amabhakethi okanye ezinye izikhongozeli. Ukuthintela imisele zokutshiza amanzi elifakiweyo neengcedevu zaso, wazigquma zesinyithi okanye ngomnatha ngamaplanga. Ebusika, ukuze amanzi akuthethi ngumkhenkce, zigqunyiwe emkhombeni okanye ngamaxesha athile agalelwa emanzini ashushu. Ukunqongophala kwamanzi, ingakumbi xa imozulu ishushu, ekhokelela sisifo abaninzi zeentaka.

Yeentaka umiselwe kwicala langasezantsi sakhiwo, kufuneka ukuba ezo ukusuka ilanga kunye nemvula. goose ageza ukuhlalisa isikhongozeli efanelekileyo, esongeza ngamathuba athile amanzi ukuya kwinqanaba rhoqo. Area intaka nganye kufuneka ubuncinane 1 macala onke. m - kumarhanisi, 5 macala onke. m - esencinane, 15 macala onke. m ngelo abadala. Xa wengxinano Igumbi intaka uba omdaka, siba sibi nolawulo umoya, oko kunokubangela isifo abaninzi yamarhanisi. Kodwa ke ngaxeshanye izinga lokutyala ezinoxinano kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu. Xa kwimimandla ekumzantsi, apho intaka ichitha ezininzi ngosuku idlelo, ukutyala ukuxinana angandiswa ku 2.5 nganye 1 intloko square. m kwindawo emgangathweni wendlu.

Kuba ixesha efudumeleyo nga kuxhotyiswa kumakhaya mobile lula kuhlobo ulondolozo yamarhanisi 15-50. Isakhelo yendlu yenziwe imivalo okanye udonga kwikona ibhodi sheathe okanye ngamaplanga, ngomthi iplanga ukutyibilika, uphahla wayifulela ngamaplanga okanye iibhodi. zingenziwa lula kakhulu indlu endala iinkukhu ka umnatha, iphepha tar kunye film. Kwisakhelo esenziwe yezitena okanye iibhodi, oko igridi fixed, kunye umnatha nokuqinisa phezu nophahla waziva, okanye ifilimu. Uphahla yenziwe kwizinti, kunye umsantsa therebetween malunga 0.3 m, umphezulu ligutyungelwe izinto nophahla okanye ifilimu. ubungakanani indlu 15 amadada - 2.5 x 2.5 m, uphahla ephucula, ukuphakama olungaphambili - 2.1 m, udonga umva -. hayi ngaphantsi kwe-1.4 m zeBRT, abasela kunye iindlwane kufuneka benze enokuhanjiswa yaye ekhwele ku musa ningalihlambeli ilizwe. Semi-vula yeentaka endala eyakhiwe ngendlela efanayo njengoko ezidlulileyo, kuphela olungaphambili ivaliwe ngeeplanga ukuya kubude malunga 0.6, kwaye ukusuka emgangathweni, kwaye ngaphezu - nomnatha entle-umnatha. Ehlotyeni le yeentaka kulula kakhulu, ngokuba ngamarhanisi zigcinwa phandle.

Ubume komzimba intaka lichatshazelwe kakhulu kuhluma. amarhanisi Daily zizele phantsi. Ezi-3 ubudala, amarhanisi fuzz uqala ukuba indawo yi ebuhlanti yokuqala, yaye kwiveki-10 kwenzeka molt endala namantshontsho. Ngeli xesha isantya sokukhula oselula kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa feed ngeyunithi ukunyuka ukukhula nganye. Kwakheka kwi "hemp" isidumbu iziqalelo intaka ngeentsiba ezintsha kunzima ukususa zatya ngexesha processing, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba abulale ngamarhanisi kukudla phambi kokuba molt ongumntwana okanye emva kokugqitywa kwayo. Ngu iinyanga 4 ubudala, ngamarhanisi abaselula kuhlawulwa ngokupheleleyo yi lusiba umntu intaka omdala, ngoko amadada molt amaxesha-2 ngonyaka ngamnye - ehlotyeni nasekwindla. Ekupheleni intlakohlaza zikhwelwe ngoMeyi - Juni uyayeka iqanda-ngokubekwa, kunciphisa ubunzulu spermatogenesis e Gusakov, ubunzima bomzimba ziye zehla nge-20-30%. Ehlotyeni kufika molt amarhanisi, apho nama-2 iinyanga, esikhundleni ngokupheleleyo zonke iintsiba. Noko ke, emva kweeveki ezi-3 emva kokuba ngamarhanisi Ukobuza yokuqala moult kokwindla ekuqaleni okwesihlandlo sesibini, kwaye utshintsho asingabo bonke zanjengeentsiba zamaxhalanga, "kuphela peni amancinane nalawo aphakathi.

Ekubeni isidumbu rhanisi isuswa kwi 250-300 g ipeni, kuquka 50-60 iigrem Lutho. Iintsiba kunye phantsi yamarhanisi aba ezifudumeleyo ngcono kakhulu. Kukhethwa ukuba ungazizekisi amadada kunye neentsiba mhlophe izimvi irhanisi iintsiba kuqikelelwa kwi-20-30% zitshiphu ngaphezu emhlophe. Ukuze kwandiswe ukuqokelelwa iintsiba irhanisi kunye phantsi, kunokwenzeka ukuba aphumeze ixesha ezimbini-(ngexesha efudumeleyo) amarhanisi Oschipko intravital, kwaye amadada 3 emazantsi ngexesha kwaye ichanekile buso Oschipko uyakwazi ukwandisa imveliso iintsiba ezincinane ezantsi phantse ngamaxesha-2. Kumazwe amaninzi kunye zeenkukhu equlunqiweyo oluqhutywa kabini kunyaka izikhwebu iintsiba kwixesha zendalo iintaka kuhluma ubudala, imeko nokomzimba. Lobuchule Oschipko akangonobangela amadada intlungu. Kulo mzekelo kuphela ngamarhanisi ndilunyothule phantsi kunye neentsiba encinane coverts zomzimba.

buphindwe

Xa goose kucaciswe umnqweno ukuseka izibini ezizinzileyo, ngoko Gusakov ukusasazwa imveliso phambi ixesha lokuzala, ngokusekelwe elo omnye - goose 3-4. Gusakov umthwalo Young lifinyele. Ubude bexesha lokusetyenziswa yamarhanisi umhlambi ixhomekeke amatakane kunye nenani amaqanda wabeka. Ukwandisa kufuyo iqanda eliphantsi hatching amaqanda agcinwe ezizezemvelo ukuba kwande iminyaka 5-6. Goose kufuyo iqanda ephakamileyo uhlobo enzima otyebileyo iminyaka 3-4. ukusetyenziswa Term okulungileyo, bungqinelwa Gusakov ukuze ukwandisa ukuya kwiminyaka 10-12.

A gander olungileyo kwi iphiko kukho iintsiba ezimbini ezincinane (izikere) kunye neentsiba ezilishumi ephambili umyalelo yokuqala neyesibini, lowo kufuneka uvale i iintsiba umsila eliphezulu nengasezantsi. output young ikakhulu ixhomekeke umsebenzi ngokwesondo Gusakov. Active ekuqaleni ngexesha lokuzala (ngoFebruwari ukuya kuJuni) Gussaki busebenza kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngaphezu koko, umsebenzi ngokwesondo Gusakov kunyaka wesibini nowesithathu ukuze nande, kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.

Kubalulekile ukuphepha yokuzalisana ukuze kuthintelwe ukonakala ungowasezinkomeni ngenxa yokuzalisana. musa ukusebenzisa phi ezizalayo olusulungekileyo, kwibhulorho unokufumana i ulutsha hybrid ngokubonisayo olukhulu lweshishini - iimpawu luncedo.

Linqwenela ukugcina kwifama yakhe iziseko ezibini okanye ngaphezulu usapho kufuneka bazi ukuba enqwenelekayo ukubeka usapho azivuni ezahlukeneyo kunye idlelo, kungenjalo Gussaki zingakwazi ukulwa. Xa zikhwelwe ukuze zihlale olambileyo iintsuku ezimbalwa Gussaki, ilinde namankazana abo kwezinye Gusakov.

Iqanda goose ekubekeni - ukusuka amaqanda-10 ukuya kuma-50 ngonyaka. Ubukhulu becala iintlobo ukukhanya amadada avuthwe ngesondo iinyanga ezi-6 ubudala, ekulungele ukuzala kunye iinyanga 9 kwaphela iliwa enzima. amaqanda Weight goose ukusuka 150 ukuya 190g (avareji 170g). kwamaqanda ngokunzulu kuyaqhubeka iinyanga 3,5-9. Ubude bafukanywe kwamaqanda irhanisi - iintsuku 28-30.

goose ukuchuma abachatshazelwa: ubushushu emoyeni, ukulandelelana imini nobusuku, ubude bemini. kudaleke Ukukhanya: ukukhula kunye nophuhliso iinkukhu, ukukhula, kuhluma, ekuqaleni kwamaqanda kube nefuthe ekupheleni kwamaqanda.

emini Long ibalekisa iintaka lokufikisa, kakubi kuchaphazela umgangatho iqokobhe, kunye neqanda nobunzima. Unciphiso ebukhali ebudeni bemini kubangela kuhluma ngaphambi kwexesha ukumisa kwamaqanda.

Ukongeza, ixesha ikwadala spermatogenesis e Gusakov luqala, ngokuqhelekileyo 1-2 iiveki emva kwe e amadada iqanda-ngokubekwa, ngoko amaqanda yokuqala ngokuqhelekileyo ahlale unfertilized. Ukwanda ubude leeyure zasemini ukususela kwiiyure-8 ukuya kweli-14, nto leyo eyaqala malunga 7-10 kwiintsuku phambi kokuqala yamarhanisi iqanda-ngokubekwa ibalekisa ukulungiselela Gusakov ekuqaleni zikhwelwe.

Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, emini xa uqala ukuba athwale amadada ekupheleni kuka February okanye ekuqaleni kuMatshi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungasa umhla lokuqala kungekabekwa ekupheleni kukaJanuwari - ekuqaleni kuka February Ukuba wenze i microclimate ngokupheleleyo ngoJanuwari Gusyatnikov, ie agcine izakhiwo ngentla-zero lobushushu kunye emini iiyure Mawande iiyure ezili-14, besebenzisa ukulayita. Loo ulawulo kufanele ukuba zigcinwe logama nje abayi kuba ulingana iiyure ezili-14 kwezinye iimeko emini zendalo, ukuba ngamarhanisi yesibini -. Ukwindla - umjikelo kwamaqanda, nokunyusa abo okuzala malunga 2 amaxesha.

Washington nokuleqa mini, kangangokuba nkqu ehleketaka uya kukudandalazisa ubuncinane inyanga. Ngoko ke, ukuba ngaba uceba ukufumana amantshontsho, kuyimfuneko ukuba baqwalasele iintsuku 30-40. Ixesha kuyimfuneko ukususa amaqanda ukusuka zokuhlala, ziphakishe zibe kwiibhokisi umaleko ube mnye, ekukhethwa kwi chips okanye kwimbuphu yesarha. Amaqanda eqokelelwe iindlwane uphawu ngcono - ukusuka irhanisi kunye nomhla kudilizwa. Amaqanda zigcinwa kakuhle kakhulu xa ibhokisi yekhadibhodi kubushushu ka 7-13 ° C, imihla ekuguquleni kwicala ibhokisi kwicala elinye. Ngeembumba ugcino olunjalo kwindawo amaqanda ahlale ephila ixesha elide.

Koda kube nini na amaqanda? Kakhulu njengoko unako ukufudumeza elo, ngokuqhelekileyo iiyunithi 11-13. Phantsi ngamarhanisi amakhulu Somrhaqa ngakumbi phantsi amancinci - ngaphantsi. Kubalulekile ukuba isikhukukazi kulunge amaqanda nekhusi.

Ngoku umbuzo omkhulu: ukwenza njani irhanisi hatching amaqanda, ingakumbi ukuba hen unina isifo ngokwawo? Kufuneka kwandisa lobushushu okukufutshane - isibonakaliso ekufukameni. In Gusyatnikov kufuneka zibekho ubushushu, ukunyusa izinga lokubanda, ubuncinane kancinane. Xa rassids irhanisi, imbawula nga ivulwe.

Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo: indlwane ingekalili kufuneka nje ukuba amalungiselelo kanye nabo bonke, oko kukuthi apho elo yeza phandle apho kwaye kufuneka hatching. inkunkuma Old kufuneka itshiswe kunye izinambuzane. Indlwane ugalele inkunkuma entsha, musa ukulibala ukongeza umhlonyane, encotsheni slot ukwenza eQuill ipeni enkulu. Xa zonke ngamarhanisi bahlale yentaka, sibanika rassidetsya iintsuku 2-3. Ukuze rassizhivaniya kuyimfuneko ukuba walala yentaka ubuncinane ezimbini okanye amaqanda amathathu. Kusenokwenzeka zamaqanda mgangathweni - isimo engagunyaziswanga, kunye oonokrwece amahlwempu, ubudala, njl

Ukunyuka kobushushu emoyeni, kwakunye amaqanda, sele equngquluzile yentaka, kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba elo uya eba ithuba elidana ibhokisi kuya emva kubeka iqanda. Amaqanda nabo abalele yentaka, ecaphukisayo receptors kwi irhanisi isisu, nto leyo lisenza reflex uqumbile. Ukuba uyila ezi iimeko endlwini, isiphumo ayisayi kuthatha ixesha elide. Xa rassids goose ukuba angenziwa uhlale phezu kwabo amaqanda 2-3 ndatyala, ukuba kufakwe amaqanda ezikumgangatho ophezulu wabeka ukwenzela ukugcina kwiibhokisi kwikhadibhodi. Ukususela ngoko ukuba uqalisa ixesha okuthatha nokubala. Amaqanda walala ubusuku ngcono 13-15 pc. phantsi washington ngalinye ngokuxhomekeke lobushushu ngaphandle kwaye ngaphakathi, ixabiso yamarhanisi kunye namaqanda, kodwa washington umzimba wakhe bazifihla ngokupheleleyo amaqanda wawutyala.

Xa hatching washington kufuneka ukufikelela simahla ukondla amanzi kwiyadi kwisiza okanye eshedini. Udla lokuhlola indlwane iqanda uhlambulukile batyumke. Emva ekucoceni yentaka kunye namaqanda yamarhanisi begidima, qinisekisa ukuba akukho abanjiswe slot engalunganga. Ukwandisa isivuno amarhanisi, irhanisi-amaqanda zingadlulanga iintsuku ezingama 10-12 emva ngokubekwa ngokupheleleyo phantsi ndawo hen ngcono - 5-7.

Abanye bazama ukwenza yonke wavuka irhanisi hatching ngexesha elifanayo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba lala bade-oneminyaka yamarhanisi, leyo aqalile ukuqhuba ngamarhanisi umhlambi eqhelekileyo. Abanye bakhetha ukwenza sitters socket njengoko amaqanda ulwandiso, nokunyusa inani elipheleleyo amaqanda wenza efanelekileyo hatching amaqanda ezikhabhathini ngokukodwa.

Ukuba kwilali irhanisi oselula hatching, uze emva koko ukubola ngemvelo kuyo kwaye washiya indlwane, musa sukela ukuba yilahle kude. Kunyaka olandelayo, mhlawumbi kuya kuba isikhukukazi elungileyo, kunye namaqanda ngomnyaka wesibini elo ngaphezu 15-20% ngaphezu abaselula. "Italente" amadada uqumbile ziye ilifa. Ngoko ke, ukubona nokuba hen omnye okulungileyo, uya kusoloko kukwazi ukunyusa inani labo, eshiya isizwe yeentombi elo. Kwaye hen kakuhle kakuhle iminyaka embalwa iza bakukhonze ngokuthembeka.

Ukuba ngemihla yokugqibela-7 phambi kokuba rhoxiso amaqanda ngamarhanisi ibekwe kwisitya ngamanzi ashushu (35-40 ° C) ukuze ziyabuya ngokukhululekileyo, amaqanda kunye amarhanisi uphila emva kwethutyana ziqala wexe. amaqanda live Khethiwe ngokulinganayo saa phantsi ngamarhanisi. Ngosuku 28, abanye sinyusa amaqanda amanzi amanzi. Xa goose ukukhanya kuvela Pip uqala ngomhla wama-27 bafukanywe, xa kukho iintlobo ezinkulu - imizuzu engama-29, yaye imini 30-31 - - 28 Nzalandini ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuba gumbi libanda, ixesha bafukanywe kuthi uyinikwe kwiintsuku ezingama-30, kukuba Pip kunye output uqala imizuzu-31 kuphela ngosuku. Iqondo lobushushu voice idlala indima ebaluleke gqitha kubomi lentaka.

Ngoku kufuneka isigqibo: ukundihlutha amarhanisi ushiye indlu okanye phantsi unina.

Ukuba hen unzima kwaye nexhala, kwaye amantshontsho kubonakala sangu, oko kukuthi, omnye sele womile, imini yonke kukhokelela yokuphila asebenzayo, yaye amanye amaqanda nangoku kulala phantsi intaka, oko kuqala kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba phantsi iqokobhe amantshontsho ephilileyo, phantsi amaqanda asele emanzini, kufuneka ukuhamba, ukuba aziphathe ngokungathi usaphila. Laqanduselwa amarhanisi efanayo, emva kokuba zome off, kungcono ukukhetha indlu. amantshontsho Umsebenzi yenza irhanisi waphakamisa phezu indlwane ukuze yokutshayela abantwana, kwaye abo nangoku kule amaqanda, lo gama ngokuqinisekileyo cool kwaye zife. Amantshontsho ihlale ifudumele ngcono, kwibhokisi yekhadibhodi, apho iqondo lobushushu malunga nama-30 ° C ze ulinde imveliso eseleyo. gusjat buthathaka ibekwe kwibhokisi zokufudumeza apho amaqondo obushushu kugcinwa 35 ° C kakade. Amarhanisi waya ngokuqina ebusuku obekwe ngokulinganayo ngaphantsi kwamaphiko ngamarhanisi. Amarhanisi ngokwahlukileyo koonina babo ayikwazi ukugcina ixesha - baziqhelisa indlela umntu, babe ezingafanelanga ukuba elo. Bayavuma ukuba amarhanisi irhanisi, ebukele ukuziphatha koomama. Phambi kokuba amarhanisi ebusuku kakuhle kwaye isasazwe phezu Goose. Xa omnye wabo, baya kuhlangana amarhanisi kakhulu ezikhethiweyo kwaye ibekwe phantsi ephikweni leyesibini ngamarhanisi. Kwixesha elizayo, kuya kuba ekungqungqeni komhlambi phantsi ukhuseleko amadada kunye gander.

Kaloku, ukuba hen bakho bezi- ngononophelo kwaye ngobuchule yentaka, ngoko ufanele Ungakhathazeki - akukho intshontsho akayi kulityalwa okanye bezongena up mama. Kububuyisela ngeli xesha kuya kufuneka nje ukuqinisekisa ukuba amarhanisi babenenkululeko ukushiya indlwane aye umva. Ukuze wenze oku, ukuzibeka imveliso ekhoyo kunye igalelo slot. Kwisithuba inkunkuma emehlweni kufuphi yentaka, kufuneka ubeke isitya samanzi kunye itreyi nzulu kunye nokutya zeentsana, ukhozo kunye emele yamanzi nonina. Indlu - to amarhanisi ayikwazanga ukungena container ngamanzi kwaye kutshona kulo.

washington Good elibeke esweni abantwana ngexesha ebanjwe emva kwesidlo, ukubizela kungena slot. Indlwane kufuneka kusala iveki, ngoko isuswe, kwaye endaweni yayo ukuphosa armload enkulu umququ owomileyo. Nzalandini ziza kubekwa kwindawo ecocekileyo Kuluvuyo olukhulu. Ukuba sele ezifudumeleyo, le amarhanisi kunye kamama akhutshelwe phezu kwengca ngentshuntshe ngasihlandlo sinye, kamsinya nje bakuba ngokuzithemba yima ngeenyawo. Ukuba amarhanisi ezimbalwa, ngoko owabagqogqayo emadlelweni eqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba unina kunye nabantwana bakhunjulwa kakuhle nenye. Kuba maxa wambi oludale amarhanisi enokunyuka akakhululeki mama yomnye umntu. Ezinye elo, kukuba baziphathe ngamandla ukuze abasemzini amantshontsho nga benzakalise i amarhanisi kancinane.

Amarhanisi babe kwelona nqanaba eliphezulu, ukukhula, kunye ukunyuka ingakumbi ekhawulezileyo ngenyanga yokuqala yobomi. Ukuba marhanisi imini ubudala kuphila ubunzima ka 100-120 g, ngamini-30 - ngaphezu kwe-2 kg. Kangangeentsuku 60-70 phantsi amarhanisi elungileyo ezikhulayo lokondla nokwandisa mizimba yabo yokuqala maxa wambi 35-40, lwathi 4-4.5 kg.

Kukho izimvo ezimbini nokuchasanisa apho kulo mzekelo kufuneka ibe gander. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba xa bafukanywe kunye output abantwana Gusakov ukuba usiba ngcono ukugcina kude. Ngelo ezolileyo, efudumeleyo, libalele oselula nonina aqeshise ngaso phezu ingca ukuba 'ilanga' elangeni yaye bavunyelwe kufuphi gander, eqaphela indlela izakuziphatha. Abanye musa ukuguqulela irhanisi kwindawo eyahlukileyo xa elo ehleli phezu amaqanda, becinga ukuba baya kuze akanandaba kwaye theka kakhulu. Ukuva le ukukrikriza le amantshontsho, ilungelana usikrobana, ukukhuph intloko yakhe ngaphakathi, abanomdla, akazange umthetho amarhanisi. Ndonwabe kakhulu xa elo kuyaqala ukuphuma kwindlwane kunye amarhanisi.

Ubunzima ephilayo yamarhanisi has a Ukwahluka ophezulu yemfuza, oko kulungile nasinikela. Gusevod ukuba oyifunayo, ngaba kakhulu ngempumelelo ukwandisa ubunzima yamarhanisi yabola kubo, ukukhetha amaqanda ezinkulu bafukanywe kwaye eshiya isizwe esikhulu yamarhanisi. Ukususela amaqanda ezinkulu ziya kuboniswa amarhanisi ezinkulu diurnal ukusuka apho kuya kukhula amadada abaselula enkulu. Ukuba gusevod uya kugqiba neenkomo zizalele, baya kuba amaqanda enkulu, njalo-njalo. Ngenxa yoko, ubunzima ubomi yamarhanisi yokuzalela uya kuvuka ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ngexesha elifanayo apha emhlambini wenzala elinikiweyo ngokwaneleyo iintaka kuncipha: Imveliso iqanda, wenzala hatchability yamaqanda. Oku kungenxa feedback ulwalamano zebhayoloji phakathi ubunzima umzimba iinkukhu kunye yayo wenzala: kwamaqanda, wenzala hatchability amaqanda, ngoko ke marhanisi ukuxutywa Ptitsevod khetha ubunzima bomzimba kangangoko zeenkukhu nase, nto leyo aluthinteli ibinzana wenzala ophezulu kunye abalimi epheleleyo abantu abaselula ubukhulu efanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba ashiye kwintsapho ngaphandle ngamarhanisi kufuyo iqanda ophezulu Gusakov kunye nomsebenzi high ngesondo.

Zonke amaqanda yamarhanisi kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa amarhanisi, ngoko abo okuzala kunye hatchability kumele ngandlela zonke ukugcina kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ukuze ufumane amaqanda hatching ngokupheleleyo, luphe into ngamarhanisi kumelwe kuhambe kuzo zonke zokufaka amanzi nezondlo, ingakumbi iiprothini kunye neevithamini.

Iimpawu yokudla

Washington - intaka utyani, ezitya utyani. Goose ngokuzithandela kudla imali eninzi ingca entsha kunye namadlelo ngowona mthombo ntaka ukutya. Ukusebenzisa amadlelo kunye namanzi kunempembelelo entle ngamarhanisi eziphilayo lulonke. Bayakwazi ukuba nidle usuku ku-2 kg ubunzima eluhlaza. goose abadala utyani ukuvelisa ngoko nangoko emva oviposition. goose imfuyo angasebenzisa bezandyondyo amadlelo ezomileyo kunye nemiwonyo. Apho kungekho nokukhulula amarhanisi emadlelweni, ukuba zigcinwe peni.

Kukho iindlela ezintathu ukondla amarhanisi: owomileyo, kumanzi nezidibeneyo.

Kule owomileyo uhlobo lokondla intaka uba ezomileyo, okanye feed ezifektri equka ukutya engumxube, okanye imixube okuziinkozo. Le ndlela lokondla ufuna ukugcinwa ngokupheleleyo nokwandiswa ekutyeni kunye kwimixube mzimba-bezimbiwa feed. izinga zemihla ngemihla zingasetwa ngexesha elinye-- kusasa nge kule ndlu zeBRT oluzenzekelayo, ngaphandle koloyiko umonakalo. Xa indlela omanzi comminuted lokondla feed kanzulu ogalelwe ngamanzi, imveliso zobisi, yokutyiwa kwaloo ukutya elulwelo, inkunkuma ikhitshi, zinqunqwe umxhesho eliphambili, inyama, neentlambululo nentlanzi. Ifidi ogalelwe (ngumash) ngokulula phantsi muncu ehlotyeni, liqhaqhazelis ebusika. Ngoko ke, ukuba zibekwe phezu feeder nje kokuba lusidla. Kule ndlela adla odityanisiweyo ibandakanya zombini owomileyo kwaye ufumile ukusuka ifidi, ukutya pet womisa lube zeBRT ezahlukeneyo gqolo umanzi ukukhupha amaxesha enye okanye ezimbini ngosuku.

Zefula - ngumxube entsonkothileyo yohlobo olunye lwe abade wayityumza ubungakanani ofunekayo le feedstuffs ezahlukeneyo kunye microadditives ngokubonelela iintaka ukutya ngokupheleleyo.

Iveliswe feed epheleleyo (PC) kwaye ekwimo evakalala granulated, imixutywa ukutya kunye nokutya-uhlalutye. PC - umxube yokubonelela ngokupheleleyo zeenkukhu amandla, kokutya khompawundi eziphilayo esebenzayo ngaphandle ukondla ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinye microadditives feed (Itheyibhile 1).

feed Granular ntoni makangahlukani ngexesha zothutho kunye nokusasazwa, le ntaka lingenako ukukhetha amasuntswana ngamnye wokutya kwezilwanyane, ibhalansi ifidi musani kuba navuso; lunciphisa ilahleko mechanical ngenxa ukusasazeka eluthulini kunye. Le granules kulondolozeke ngcono izinto eziphilayo esebenzayo, ingakumbi carotene, iivithamini; kwinkqubo granulation ngenxa yoxinzelelo kunye nobushushu ukunyuka digestibility ngesondo ezinye inhibitors ukuwa (agents leyo ukunciphisa digestibility) protini.

microaddings zefula aphuculweyo - premixes.

Grain cereal goose feed ziyathandwa inxalenye enkulu ekutyeni kuphela ngexesha ngokuzityebisa kakhulu. Xa iimeko zeenkukhu ebaleni usebenzisa umbona, ingqolowa, ibhali, ihabile, amazimba, amazimba, amazimba, irye, groats buckwheat kunye iintsalela inkunkuma cereal (Itheyibhile 2).

Irhanisi kakuhle ukwazi ukufunxa izondlo ukudla uhlaza, ezinamagqabi kunye erhabaxa, ngenxa ukuba ziyaphunyezwa iimfuno zabo. Emini, elo unako ukutya-2 kg, kunye nengca ngakumbi eluhlaza, ozifezekisayo iimfuno inxalenye ebalulekileyo yomzimba wakhe izondlo kunye neevithamini. Xa kokwindla, amadada ebusika nasentlakohlaza yokuqala imveliso ukuya ku-300 grams okungumgubo hay elungileyo ngemini. Ku kugaywe kakuhle, nto leyo ngokuyingenelo kuchaphazela umxholo iivithamini e amaqanda kunye nomgangatho amarhanisi ngemihla. Ngaphandle imfuyo goose emadlelweni aluhlaza kunciphisa amaxesha 2 kweendleko zomxhesho wamandla ngeyunithi ukukhula nganye, ukunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi kunye neendleko inyama. Active zingasetyenziswa kunye nokutya enkulu ezifana njengoko kuhlungulwa ingqolowa izikhwebu ekwimo kwamaqondo eparticulate, amazimba okanye oats ngumash kwi 200 g intloko nganye. goose ukusetyenziswa isintlakantlakiso owomileyo yeyona engcono ngakumbi xa eliphekwe kongezwe beet wefula kanzulu neetapile wayipheka. Amarhanisi kugaywe kakuhle ifayibha nerhasi, oats, iertyisi. Ekubeni feed ezinomthamo ephakamileyo ifayibha, ngokuqhelekileyo atshiphu, oku kunciphisa iindleko kunye kwindleko yokutyisa iinkukhu. Le goose gizzard kukho ngokugaya ngomatshini isixa esikhulu ukutya. Oku kungenzeka ukuba isisu amatye amancinane, nto leyo inokuba ukuya ziingceba-30 ngexesha. Ngaphezu koko, amathumbu oyimfama ngenxa ezincinane ezahlukeneyo lwanamathela ikakhulu iindawo zezityalo esisityebi nefayibha. Nokwenziwa amanqatha engena ukutya, amadada kwi uluhlu 45-55%, ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba umlinganiselo kwezinye iintlobo zeenkukhu.

Itheyibhile 1 Ukwakhiwa feed kumarhanisi

izakhi

feed ngokupheleleyo

Umxholo Feedstuff protein eliphantsi

corn  

40

43

ingqolowa  

20

20

ibhali

7

9

Oats okanye amazimba

3

-

jongilanga

10

7

okuze

2

4

ingqolowa

2

2

isidlo fish

3

2

umgubo Meat-ithambo

1

-

umgubo herbal

4

4

yomgubo Rakushechnaya

3.5

4.5

itshokhwe

3

3

ityuwa

0.5

0.5

vitamin amalungiselelo

1

1

Total:

100

100

Ukusuka ezinamagqabi and green ziindiza sefula anikwe iinkukhu, iminqathe, ithanga, sugar beet, iitapile, ikhaphetshu, imidumba, zengca forbs. Isintlakantlakiso (hay, isidlo ingca kunye kowakho umonakalo, amagqabi) njengoko eluhlaza zefula zizityebi iivithamini. izinga imihla ixhomekeka kuhlobo kunye nobudala zeentaka.

mass Green kwi esandula ukuchetywa njengoko amarhanisi isuka zeBRT ezahlukeneyo, yaye engumgubo - idityaniswe kule ngumash kwi mali ka-40-50% yokudla. Goose ingqalelo umbala kunye nevumba ukutya. Bona ukumxhasa ngakumbi na ukudla eluhlaza, ngokunjalo adle izityalo kunye ngokuzingisileyo blade igqabi: horsetail kunye iikherothi iziciko zezityalo emanzini - duckweed. Ukususela okuziinkozo njengengca ingqolowa, emadlelweni bluegrass, oats abaselula kunye rye; imidumba - ilusini kunye clover.

Goose abukhali kakhulu, ngoko bangayidlayo ukutya ebumnyameni. Ebusuku, ingakumbi ekuseni, ukuba nako ukuziphelisa ukutya ngaphezu ngexesha lasemini, ngoko gusevody ushiye ukutya zeBRT ebusuku, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu, ingakumbi kwixesha zikhwelwe.

Uluhlu 2 Uqikelelo iimfuno nemigangatho amadada feed (g intloko ngosuku ngalunye)

poop

period ebandayo

Ithuba efudumeleyo

wokudla

50

-

mafia olunye-sifuba

50

40

ingqolowa

50

50

peas nakhandiweyo

100

100

isidlo Ingca, hay, silage

500

-

Beet, iminqathe, iitapile

500

-

uhlaza

-

1500

Shell, itshokhwe, lekalika

15

10

ityuwa

2

3

Goose bakhetha feed elithozamisayo. Kuye ixabiso nengqwalaselo carbohydrate. Ngokulahla fructose yoxinaniso 1.5 no-3%, abayi ukwala isisombululo 10- ne-20 ekhulwini. Ekubeni ukudla eliphantsi intaka ngakumbi eziluncuthu liyadla switi ukutya.

okuziinkozo yamazimba wondla amadada 30-35 grams ngemini. Igwele owomileyo umbhaki kunye yamazimba ingasiwa kwi ezityiwa ulutsha oluninzi ukususela ngomhla wesihlanu yobomi. Owomileyo beet ido- inokuba lubekwe ukuya kwi-10% ngokobunzima iindiza wamandla.

Kwisilwanyana feed kusetyenziswa inyama, inyama namathambo, intlanzi kunye isidlo igazi, ubisi olungumgubo, buttermilk kwaye skim ubisi, intlanzi kunye umqathane nenyama, igazi elitsha, isilwanyana amafutha ngobubi bawo. I feed yezilwanyana owomileyo kufuneka ingadluli-7% feed.

Kuxhomekeka kwindlela yokondla lwenziwa kunye nokulungiselela ukutya ehambelana, okwenza ukuba ifikeleleke ngakumbi ngenxa yokudla, iphucula digestibility kunye assimilability.

Izityalo Root ngaphambi nyulu ukusuka ubumdaka yageza, batyumke. Inxalenye ifidi okuziinkozo nazo ukusilwa. Xa uwaphule Iinkozo iwafumana ifikeleleke ngakumbi kokudla kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokwandisa phezu ukuqhagamshelana isifo le lokugaya kunye ayo. Ngaphezu koko, amacandelo ukutya ngcono zixubene omnye nomnye.

Inkululeko ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobudala zeentaka. Kukho amaqhezu zilandelayo besila: besila ocoliweyo - 0.2 mm avareji - 1 ukuya ku 1.8 mm, ezinkulu - 1.8-2.8 mm. intaka abadala enqwenelekayo ukunika iqhezu enkulu (avareji) okuguba, ulutsha