ENizhniy Novgorod. KwiCawa Yokuzalwa: idilesi, inkcazelo kunye photo

Phakathi ezahlukeneyo ezikhumbuzo yokwakha izakhiwo zetempile, nto leyo idume kakhulu Nizhny Novgorod, iKrismesi Church elusuku olukhe-. Yakhelwe kwi indlela Stroganov kudibanisa imiba neziyokozela iRoma eMoscow kunye zemveli Russian silhouette-angqukuva ezintlanu, ikhangeleka ngathi ibhokisi oqingqiweyo elinqabileyo wabethelelwa elunxwemeni iVolga otshangatshangiswayo.

Le ngumqondo Gregory Stroganov

Icawa ngo 1696, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwayo lihanjiswa mcaba phezu yesine yekhulu. Izizathu zoku iphiko kunye oliqhophololo nenkundla ixesha, kwaye emlilweni, ixhoba kwawo rhoqo Nizhny Novgorod. KwiCawa Yokuzalwa njengoko lulandelayo izinto zembali, eyakhiwe ukuze nangeendleko kwe enkulu usomashishini, yemali kunye wezopolitiko Petrine era - Gregory Dmitrievich Stroganoff. Oku, koko, yaba sizathu ukuba, ukongeza igama elisemthethweni, kulandele esinye ngaphezulu ziyaxinga - Stroganov.

Ngexesha lakhe, i wezikhakhamela ngamazwi akhe iicawa ezininzi, bonke bephela yabulawa ngendlela iimpawu, kamva igama emva kwakhe. umntwana wakhe olandelayo kwi elunxwemeni iVolga Stroganov wabeka kweminyaka emibini emva kokuba igqityiwe ibandla lwangaphambili, wakha kuloo mzi, wazingcwalisa imbeko ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo.

wobabalo Tsar kaThixo

Cool Ngabasileyo yaba Gregory Dmitrievich, nobuganga eziphikisa Tsar Peter I, ogama umkhosi ngezimali ngexesha emNtla War. Kodwa kuyacaca babengaziqondi ukuba nguzwilakhe umsindo ngokupheleleyo - waba lihlazo. ubabalo Royal kunye nefuthe ekwakhiweni kwayo yakutshanje. Ngowe-1719, emva kolibaziseko obungenasiphelo neembandezelo, wokuzalwa ibandla e Nizhny Novgorod ekugqibeleni yagqitywa kwaye angcwalisiweyo, kodwa inkonzo kwaqhubeka akukho ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu.

Ngowe-1722, isixeko iVolga watyelela uPetros I kwaye bafunde igama nyambalala yeminikelo ogama yena yakhiwe kwaye ogama layo, walixela evalelwe phantsi ngoko nangoko, uyitywine inkonzo kwixesha elizayo ukuba avuselele. Wakhumbula izikhalazo azimeleyo endala yabangela kuye Stroganov wazalwa, wathulula phezu ubushushu bakhe ibandla kuthathwa ukuya esibhakabhakeni xa luphawu inviolability ngeli gama yamandulo.

Kukho banentsomi yokuba isixelela ukuba njengesizathu ukuvala ibandla uPetros I wasebenzisa ubungqina bobuxoki yenkundla opeyintayo yakhe Lui Karavaka, wangqina ukuba kwiCawa Yokuzalwa agcinwe kuthiwa ii icon, ebhalwe ukuba uPetros noPawulos Cathedral kwemali eyinkunzi ezibiweyo ukusuka apho. Le nguqulo ethandabuzekayo - hayi umlawuli uPetros, ukuba afune ukuzithethelela ngenxa yezenzo zabo. Uye amakhulu iintloko zinqunqwe ngaphandle nasiphi na isizathu, singasathethi uvale icawa umcimbi uludwayi ngokupheleleyo kuye. Ngako oko ke washiya Nizhny Novgorod. ibandla christmas wahlulelwa itshixiwe iminyaka emithathu.

leminyaka ezayo

emnyango wakhe wavula kuphela emva kokufa komlawuli, ilandelwe 1725. Yonke leminyaka XVIII emva koko, yena cwaka wema phezu elunxwemeni iVolga. Wagalela kulo ebumelwaneni ukubetha iintsimbi zalo, ukuqokelela amarhamente emhlonelayo ukuba bathandazele usindiso lwemiphefumlo zabo, enika iminyaka emininzi lokumkani basebukhosini elandelayo.

Ekuqaleni a, XIX kwinkulungwane entsha Stroganov kwakhona, eli xesha Alexander - ilungu leBhunga yomBuso kunye nomongameli we Academy of Arts - ebibanjwe ukulungisa yayo. Kwakhona wayalela ngo-1820 nabayili A. ikomkhulu likaThixo A. Betankuru and I. E. Efimovu ukomeleza noseko lwalo, UPawulos udonga eqinileyo phezulu, zakhiwe ngezitena ezidilikileyo ngabunye baze kwiCawa Yokuzalwa, leyo kufutshane. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imbewu Stroganov evela kuyo, ekwakheni izixhobo kodwa igama apho ukususela ngoko yaba ngesidima Nizhny Novgorod kuphela. KwiCawa Yokuzalwa - igama beza imihla yethu.

"Ukwayama Tower" kwi iVolga

Xa gqira yokuqala, oko waphawula ukuba le nqaba intsimbi ibandla, emi bemgama kude ize idityaniswe isakhiwo osemqoka indledlana igqunyiweyo, ngokuthe ngcembe waqala zithambekele. Landela-abakuqapheleyo, olwenziwe kule minyaka imashumi mabini lubonise ukuba le nkqubo akupheli, yaye inxalenye ephezulu ngesakhiwo luyekile esqwini of ngaphezu kwemitha. Nizhny Novgorod, usenokuba ogudileyo ukuba Outcomes wayo Tower of Pisa, kodwa ukoyika ukuwa namandla, yaye ngowe-1880 nenqaba intsimbi yakhiwa ngokupheleleyo.

Zokulindela isikhumbuzo ubukhosi olawulayo

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX kwacaca ukuba ecaweni kufuneka bachithe umsebenzi wokubuyisela kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuba lo xesha ukuba kuwohloka window izakhelo, kakhulu wabatshabalalisa iconostasis, lunikwa ingqalelo ngumzekelo obalaseleyo nangokukrola. Ukususela oko yaqala ukuwa iziqwenga yonke, leyo, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanye iindlela, wazama ukuba ukomeleza iinzipho zazo, nezintya zazo. Ukugcina intwana eyodwa yobugcisa kwintshabalalo epheleleyo, kufuneka imali eninzi, ekube nako ukuqokelela Novgorod.

ibandla christmas watyelelwa abarhwebi ezininzi amanqugwala ezidolophini, kwaye nangona yokuba iminikelo yabo akazange azigubungele zonke iindleko ezinxulumene kunye nokubuyiselwa, kubo ikwazile ukufikelela kubantu abazizityebi kwezinye izixeko Russian. Ubukhulu becala negalelo kwimpumelelo into yokuba lo mbhiyozo esondela trohsotletiya House of Romanov, yaye kulindeleke ukuba sifike kuloo mzi soMhlekazi.

Le tempile kwi olwandulela revolution

Kulo mba, nomququzeleli iphambili imisebenzi - Umphathi ibandla, Archpriest UNikolai (Tsvetaev) - waba ithuba lokubhena nje kuphela iimvakalelo zonqulo izimali, kodwa umsebenzi onyanisekileyo. It nempembelelo yayo, nangenxa yokuhamba liphezulu yonke imisebenzi sele zigqityiwe.

Itempile ezikhuphile ngombono kwi yonke emidala. Isiseko usibeka kwesitya yini na, zinezihloko cupolas ezintlanu, nomntu nelungiselelwe iincam. Dome, kuqala oluhlaza, zazakhiwe indlela kwenziwa e Moscow St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Ngaphandle nangaphakathi isakhiwo ngokobutyebi ezihonjiswe ezimhlophe-ilitye imikrolo Ukuhomba iifestile, imihlathi kunye igalelo nezinyuko. Omelene nenqaba intsimbi ibandla elinemifanekiso iwotshi luze luphele vane zayo zemozulu.

Esengozini wentshabalalo

Ukutshutshiswa kwebandla, bamlandela weza Nizhny Novgorod amandla, exakwe kunye iiBolsheviks. Christmas Church, ogama imbali kuloo minyaka kuyafana isiphelo iicawa ezininzi Orthodox Russian ziye zivaliwe kwaye, ngokungqinelana umyalelo abasemagunyeni ukuba idilizwe.

izenzo ngokuzidela kuphela Ngqonyela noBawo uSergiyo (Veysova) banceda ukuthintela nozipho. Yena ngokoqobo emandiyenze kuyo ngamagosa, uthetha yemfaneleko bezobugcisa ibandla ngumzekelo eyodwa ukwakhiwa itempile Stroganov sobuciko.

imisebenzi zakhe azikaphumeleli kwelo, yaye wasindiswa ibandla. Akazange bazame ukuguqula indawo yokugcina okanye umatshini-itrektara workshop, njengoko wayeqhele ukwenza ngaloo minyaka. It wadala museum yonqulo kunye Thixo. Mhlawumbi iiBolsheviks kwabonakala exposure post nehlekisayo kakhulu anti-zonqulo etempileni kaThixo, yaye mhlawumbi bathatha mzuzu lwabo kubalingane babo St. Petersburg, owadala imyuziyam efanayo kumasango kuloo ndlu yecawa engundoqo kwisixeko Kazan Cathedral.

ukubuyiselwa yobulungisa

Ukuze amarhamente akhe ibandla yabuya ekupheleni koo yokuqala, emva kweshumi leminyaka, kwakunjalo, njengoko kusefashonini kukuthi, ukulungiswa. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba itempile kwabona umonakalo omkhulu njenge ukusetyenziswa singacinganga ubuchwepheshe bale mihla, ngokoluvo lwabo, iye egqwethekileyo imbonakalo yayo yembali, eziqhelekileyo ukuze bonke abo kuqala watyelela Nizhny Novgorod.

KwiCawa Yokuzalwa, ifoto apho ziboniswe kweli nqaku, nakuba kunjalo, uhlala uhombiso ngokuyifaneleyo umzi, inxalenye imbali ngalo. Ukongeza, kuba liziko lonqulo enkulu, oluqhutywa umsebenzi elibi ukuvuselelwa imilinganiselo zooyise yokomoya yabantu. Le nesakho uyazingca Nizhny Novgorod.

KwiCawa Yokuzalwa: phi kwaye njani ukuba

Namhlanje, oko kukuthi, njengokuba kwiminyaka edlulileyo, lizele amarhamente, le zihamba abakhenkethi abafuna ukubona ibalulekileyo Stroganov wobugcisa yobuciko. Apha uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana abantu basekuhlaleni, kunye nabo kuphela ngamaxesha athile utyelela eNizhniy Novgorod. KwiCawa Yokuzalwa, idilesi yayo ngu: str. Christmas, 34, bonke wazivula iingcango zawo, nabo bonke ubabalo obuthululwayo ooAshera zakhe. Kuyenzeka ukufumana naluphi na uhlobo uthutho ezidolophini sezicetyiwe, olandelayo kwicala isikhululo lomlambo.

Kunika umdla ukuqaphela ukuba nokuqokelelwa icon, ibekwe ibandla, ngo-2008, zincediswa omnye, kwiCEMIS apha ngokobuqu Russian uMongameli V. V. Putinym. Yaba i icon "Uvuko yeNkosi", ezibiweyo ngo-2002, yaye emva koko ezifunyenwe umqokeleli labucala. Ngethamsanqa, waba ngumntu onesidima, kwaye nangona ukuba waphila, ukuba ndiyibone ikhathalogu yemisebenzi ezibiweyo yobugcisa, waziva enyanzelekile ukuba babuyele abanini yazo efanelekileyo. Ukususela ngelo xesha, indawo ahlala kuyo isigxina yaba ibandla Nativity Nizhny Novgorod. Photo icon "Uvuko yeNkosi," kuphetha eli nqaku.