Emigodini - ntoni na? imigodi device

"Imingxuma" - igama ukuba enxulumene ekuqaleni nokombiwa zejoloji. Kamva wafumana isicelo sayo geodesy, Archaeology, ulwakhiwo, iinkonzo zobunjineli zophando. Zintoni emigodini? Yintoni na? isakhiwo kunye neempawu zazo, siye sihlolisise.

Hole: Inkcazo

Eli gama kwi yokwakheka elijongene umngxuma nkqo okanye ithambekele emhlabeni ukukhangela kunye nokuhlola kwemithombo kwezimbiwa. Eli candelo cross yezixhobo hlobo ngeenxa (ekwabizwa ngokuba Dudko), eziziingxande, isikwere. The main feature - izicwangciso amancinane 800 ukuya 4000 mm, ubunzulu -. 40 m Ezi zejoloji esetyenziselwa odala ekuhleni / enyukayo abantu okanye imithwalo kwi shaft / komhlaba. Kumhlaba evakalala, ezi zixhobo zifuna itshixa neyophahla ukuthintela fraying.

Njengoko oku kungasentla, akunakwenzeka ukuba phantsi emigodini. Meaning ngaphandle, kufuneka siqwalasele ingakumbi ukusetyenziswa, iintlobo yesixhobo.

Fields of application

Kukho iinkalo ezine ezingundoqo ukusetyenziswa kwemingxuma:

• ukuba isifundo eneenkcukacha icandelo zejoloji;
• isampuli lwemizekelo aphantsi komhlaba azikho litshatyalaliswa dwala;
• engineering endle kunye nophando neznye;
• izifundo bolwakhiwo mhlaba onamanzi.

Njengoko sibonile, imihlaba wemihadi ekuhambeni kwexesha landiswa kakhulu.

iintlobo

umsebenzi Uphando olu hlobo lwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:

• Geotechnical;
• injongo ekhethekileyo (kusetyenziswa ukuvavanya imeko isiseko, injongo ephambili - ukufumana unobangela deformation).

Ngu ubungakanani wemihadi bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu:

• Small. Ubunzulu - 3 m Njengoko umthetho, izixhobo ezifana musa ukuba nitrogen .. Ngokufuthi ezisetyenziswa kwizifundo zobunjineli (60%).
• I-avareji. Ubunzulu ayikho ngaphezulu kwe-10 m. Sele ibonelelwe umoya At wezixhobo zabo. Nzulu yimveliso isixhobo sokugrumba.
• Deep. isahlakalo Ipharamitha -. 10 m ezisetyenziselwa imisebenzi ezizodwa.

imigodi device

Kuba ukufakelwa izibonelelo ezo zinokusetyenziswa kwindlela manual, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa.

Ipharamitha ezingundoqo emaquleni zikhethwa kuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi eyenzelwe, uhlobo lomhlaba. ubukhulu okunikezelwe:

• Buxande, isikwere cross-candelo: 1250 mm x 1000 1000 x 1500 mm, 1500 mm x 1500, 2000 x 1500 mm. parameter Selectable kuxhomekeke ubunzulu ifowuni: xa emhadini ukuphakama 3000 mm - 1250 mm ne-10 000 mm - 1500 mm ukuya 20000 mm - 2000 mm, kwama-20 000 mm - 4000 mm.
• Isetyhula cross-candelo: 700 ukuya 1000 mm. Imibhobho nge elitywinwe-10 000 mm - sangqa esingekho ngaphantsi kwe-650 mm, ngaphezulu kwama-10 000 mm - ukusuka 700 ukuya 1000 mm.

Ziziphi wemihadi, yintoni na, siyaqonda. Ngoku cinga nkcukacha izicelo zokwakha.

Emigodini, injongo ekhethekileyo

Isiseko ke kwenziwe isiseko sendlu kaThixo. On umgangatho imeko kuxhomekeke ekunyanisekeni isakhiwo yonke. Uvavanyo ngoko ngexesha - indima ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi wokulungisa nolwakhiwo. Imigodi uphando isicelo kulandelayo:

• Superstructure floor ezongezelelweyo, hayi mazibalwe zonke idrafti yokuqala. Sihlola imeko isiseko kunye nesakhono umthwalo ongaphaya kuyo.
• retooling Technical. In zokwakha - replacement, yotshintsho lothungelwano zobunjineli.
• Kulungiswe. Ukuhlola semthethweni umsebenzi.
• Imbonakalo iintanda kwi olungaphambili kwesakhiwo, ukuphazamiseka kweminyango. ezo ziphene sithetha deformation lesiseko.
• isakhiwo ukunqamka olungasebenziyo. Le ethile kungakhokelela ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo sakhiwo.
• Xa becwangcisa isifundo isithuba esitsha kufuphi isiseko okhoyo. Oku kuhlolwa impembelelo kunokwenzeka elibi elinye phezu kwelinye.

Izinto ezibangela deformation kungabonwa ngokusebenzisa mihadi.

Ixabiso izifundo ezinjalo - ithuba yokubonakalisa ngumba isiseko kunye nokupheliswa yayo zaphuka. Izizathu eziphambili ukuba abe negalelo elingqalileyo phezu kwesiseko lwesakhiwo, ingaba:

• Kwezulu. Bayakwazi angemi nokujongela isiseko. Uchatha avareji imvula ngasentla ukuze bandiqumbise ukukhulisa amanzi emhlabeni, nto leyo iba nefuthe elibi kwisiseko.
• Amanzi ukuvuza yonxibelelwano. Ngokuhambelana, isifundo imeko yabo ekuLunyukisiweyo ngazo zinakho ukuqhutywa.
• Ilishwa isiseko ukugangatheka kunye backfill.
• Ukubana lamanqanaba zomhlaba ngokunxulumene omnye komnye kunye nabanye.

ukuqatshelwa kwangexesha ezibangela ukutshatyalaliswa isiseko kunye nokususwa zabo ukwandisa ubomi ngesakhiwo.

Ngakumbi emigodini zokwakha

Neemeko eziphembelela ukukhetha indawo isifundo:

• i deformation ecacileyo kwindawo ethile besakhiwo;
• ezantsi kakhulu isakhiwo ukuqhekeka;
• ukuba multiple-ekhaya, ukufunda kwicandelo ngalinye lubekwa;
• phambi isekela ezongezelelweyo, nabo kuhlolwa;
• ngexesha ukubuyiselwa yokumisela indawo apho iindonga umthwalo ngokuzala efakiweyo kunye nenkxaso.

Emigodini nzulu ngaphantsi kwenqanaba isiseko, ukuze babe nako ukuhlola imeko zeendawana.

IRibhoni ukuhlolwa isiseko enokwenziwa ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo nangaphandle. Ambelwe isihogo ukwenzela ukuba bakwazi ukufikelela kwi siseko.

Kuba iziseko columnar kunokuba kubakho iintlobo ezintathu emathambekeni zophando:

• indlela Two-. Ebhenca macala mabini osecaleni yenkxaso.
• Corner. Kwakhona nyulu macala omabini wenqwelwana, kodwa ububanzi isiqingatha.
• Umjikelezo. Oku kusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, xa kufuneka uphando olunzulu yaye isiseko, kunye nomhlaba ezikufutshane.

Ngokwesiqhelo imingxuma ezisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo misinga amancinci, akufane eliphakathi.

iintlobo zophando

Zeziphi iindlela ukuze libe sisigingqi imveliso yophando uncedo? Yintoni na? Ntoni loo nto ukuvavanya imeko isiseko?

Ukuphendula le mibuzo, khangela uluhlu yophando:

• Ubunzulu ingenzeka isiseko. Ingaba eli xabiso lo ubunzima, ukuphakama ngesakhiwo emhlabeni.
• Ubukhulu. Ukuthobela amaxwebhu eprojekti.
• Uhlobo kunye namandla data.
• Efumanise iziphene kunye noonobangela bazo.
• Umgangatho izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ukubonwa isampulu kunye nophando elebhu.
• Ukhuseleko nomgangatho zingangenwa.
• Ukutshintsha nkqo.
• Imeko zeendawana.
• Ubukho of ukusekelwa.

Ezo zifundo ziluncedo ekumiseleni ubomi inkonzo besakhiwo; ithuba umsebenzi wokulungisa, i faka umgangatho olongezelelweyo.

Njengoko kubonakala, ukuze zazi ukubaluleka izixhobo ezifana isihogo nje kwishishini lokwakha kunzima.

Iziphumo ezingentle ukusetyenziswa kwemingxuma

Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi ziphumo zilandelayo lunokwenzeka ne isixhobo emathambekeni:

• ingxolo ekutshatyalalisweni kwezakhiwo eziphathekayo;
• ukungcola nothuli;
• Iimpawu ukufuma ukukhula;
• nezikhukhula, xa wenza ngobungxamo ngexesha wamanzi uwabonisa;
• amalungelo base zingangenwa;
• ukulahleka ukusetyenziswa izinto ekufuneka ihlolwe;
• ubunzima intshukumo kufutshane iisayithi vo.

Kubalulekile ukuba bonke abasebenza phantsi kweliso yeengcali. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba uphephe ezinye imiphumela emibi.

izifundo Geodetic libe sisigingqi

Kwanaxa nqanaba yoyilo, kungenxa ibalulekileyo izifundo geodetic, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukujonga uhlobo lomhlaba, ubunzulu amanzi yomhlaba, ubukho eziluncedo komhlaba, njalo njalo. Ezi data ukunceda ukuqinisekisa uhlobo isiseko, ubunzulu zalo eziluncedo, ngenjongo yokwakha izinto, yaye ngaphezulu.

Ngoko ke, isicelo yophando usebenzisa kwemingxuma kwisigaba kuyilo imisela umgangatho kunye nexesha ngesakhiwo elizayo ebomini. "Yintoni na emaquleni, into oyiyo; izixhobo kunye neempawu zazo; ukubaluleka imisebenzi yokwakha, ubunjineli geodetic "- umxholo ezikhoyo kunye nombono. Ngezi zixhobo, ungenza wandise ubomi ngesakhiwo endala nokwandisa ubomi kwesakhiwo sakhiwe khona.