Yintoni ugonyo? Yintoni ugonyo?

yesilungu kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini yakwazi ukuphumelela ezininzi zizifo ezibulalayo, indima ebalulekileyo kule ebidlalwe neendlela zokuthintela, efana nokugonywa. Yintoni ugonyo kwaye xa kufuneka usetyenziswe? Masithethe ngalo mbandela ubalulekileyo, njengoko abaninzi bakholelwa ukuqaliswa ugonyo emzimbeni womntu zokuthintela izifo indlela kakuhle ngokupheleleyo.

Ingcaciso kwegama elithi "isitofu"

Ngoko ke, yintoni na ugonyo? Xa umongo wayo, la machiza yezinto eziphilayo esebenzayo, umsebenzi zazo eziphambili - ukukhusela umzimba wentsholongwane kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi. Umgaqo esebenza ngayo ugonyo ilula, nto idala omzimba ukusuka sifo phambi komhla usulelo. Kamva, ngexesha ingozi empilweni, umzimba womntu sele uyakwazi ukuxhathisa magciwane, nkqu kubabetha. Ugonyo kufuneka ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zilandelayo:

• Akukho ibe nefuthe elibi empilweni.
• Ukunika ixesha elide, nezifo ixesha elide.
• Ukukhuthaza imveliso unalo.

iintlobo eziphambili ngeenkqubo zokugonya ezikhoyo

Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga nokuba isitofu sokugonya, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhankanya iintlobo yayo engundoqo. Ezo iinkcukacha ezithile zonyango abafane ezisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kunokuba luncedo ukuba baninzi;

• Luhlangene. Ummeli edume kakhulu kolu didi lo isitofu Dube kwizifo ezininzi yingozi - unkonkonko ukukhohlela, tetanus ukubola komqala. imixube enjalo ukhuseleko olubanzi.
• Live. Xa amayeza yasekhaya phantsi kweli candelo ifumana nepoliyo, isifo sephepha, isibetho, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ukubunjwa iziyobisi ezifana ziquka ubomi, iintlobo okuncitshiswe iintsholongwane kunye ezincane, ebomini lokwenene zingabangela zizifo ezidweliswe apha ngentla. Xa kokukhutshelwa umzimba womntu, Baqumbisa ubukhulu becala buthathaka kakhulu kwesi sifo kwaye ukuyilwa sifo ixesha elide.
• Inactivated. Ngokungafaniyo kwabaphilayo, zisekelwe strains abulawe. Umzekelo isitofu ezinjalo indlela ngumgada. Ezo zililo ziyasebenza kangako, kodwa ulawulo ngokuphindaphindiweyo izicwangciso kwakhona zenze ukhuseleko oluyimfuneko.
• Chemical. Olu didi ziquka ikholera, yicesina. Ubonise umxube ekhethekileyo antigen, iiprotheni, lipids kunye namanye amacandelo. Kuqaliswa izifundo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu ngokwaneleyo.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga olu gonyo

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni na sogonyo, yaye yintoni na, lixesha lokuthetha gonyo ezithile isincomo yi kwinkqubo yezempilo kazwelonke, kunye iintsuku zokuqala ubomi nawuphi na umntu. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ishedyuli logonyo ezikhoyo kwilizwe ngalinye. Kuxhomekeke imeko yangoku apho, ingakumbi imilinganiselo WHO yaye umba zemali.

Ulawulo ugonyo lizwe uyayinikwa imihla yokuqala yobomi wosana. Izitofu zenziwa kuqala kwikhaya lokonga, ngoko kwikliniki yabantwana kunye abadala ngokulandelelanayo. amachiza ezifunekayo yinkonzo yamahala eyenzelwa uluntu, Noko ke, ngokutsho iinkolelo zabo, umntu zifakwe (ngokuba yena umntwana wakhe minor).

Yintoni eyayisenza olu gonyo yokuqala emgceni?

ikhalenda ugonyo National iquka 10 amanyathelo linegunya, amalungiselelo enzelwa ukuphunyezwa kwazo kwilizwe lethu. Ngesicelo izigulana nga bangenele ziinaliti ngokusekelwe iimveliso kwamanye amazwe (ngokuqhelekileyo ngeendleko zabo).

I ugonyo lokuqala umntwana ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa, wafumana ubuncwane evela hepatitis B. Kwixesha elizayo, inaliti iza kuphindwa ngenyanga yokuqala kunye yesithandathu yobomi. Loo kulungiselelwa inqweneleka kakhulu ukuba umntu ngamnye kwaye kufuneka amaqela abasemngciphekweni. Yenza ugonyo ukukulibala, exela ukuba kwesibindi kweli qela iqashiso amathuba ngaphambili, kwaye uyakwazi ukubamba nabo bume lwasekhaya (umzekelo, kwi yokucheba).

Ziziphi izifo ngokuyimfuneko tindhawu kwilizwe lethu?

Masithethe ngoko ezinye izigulo nga kunceda inaliti eyenziwa ngurhulumente. nemigomo olugunyazisiweyo zinikwa ugonyo ezi zifo zilandelayo:

• Isifo sephepha (BCG ayiboneleli lothunyelo ngokhuseleko kwizifo, kodwa kwenza kube lula ukuba isifo).
• Ngqi (kungenziwa zasetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo okanye njengenxenye esimbaxa Dube, DT).
• Ukubola komqala.
• Pertussis.
• Nepoliyo.
• Imasisi.
• Rubella.
• Parotitis (onoqwilikana).

Ugonyo phantse ngokupheleleyo kufuneka igcwaliswe iinyanga-20 ubudala. iinaliti ephindiwyo kwenziwa ngakumbi nge ixesha elide kufutshane-6, yaye emva koko eli-14. Abanye abantwana bagonywe kwi ishedyuli ngamnye.

Ukusuka ngawaphi ugonyo ezinye izifo?

Nangona kunjalo, kukho kuphela ugonyo inyanzelekile, kodwa lwezitofu, kucetyiswa ukuba aqhube. Ngokomzekelo, abantwana nempilo enkenenkene ziyacetyiswa kuqhume ezongezelelweyo Pneumococcal. Njengomgaqo, loo manyathelo afanelekileyo, ukuba esemncinane lo ngumntwana uphethwe umqala obuhlungu, iphika, ifiva ezahlukeneyo. La machiza zonyango zithathwa ecetyiswayo nomyalelo kumazwe aseYurophu, eRashiya, ukuba ozimiselweyo becala kokuba kuboniswe. Ukongeza kuluhlu ngentla, kaninzi yayibanjelwe kwilizwe lethu yaye ugonyo zilandelayo:

• Ngu Haemophilus influenzae influenzae.
• Ukusuka umkhuhlane.
• Irhashalala (varicella virus).

Indlela ukujonga imfuneko izitofu ezongezelelweyo?

Inaliti okunikezelwe azimisele kakhulu le meko epidemiological kule ngingqi. Ezi ntlobo machiza ziquka iziyobisi umgada, yicesina kunye kobuchopho uphawu-umna. Ndwendwela ikliniki babase kwisitofu ngakumbi kuyimfuneko kwaye ukuba uceba ukuya okwethutyana ingozi ukusuka kwindawo ekhangele ezi zifo ndawo. Xa baye phesheya ulwazi olufunekayo iirekhodi zogonyo yelizwe kufuneka ijongwe nje kuphela therapist, kodwa njengamaqumrhu zokuhamba.